（荤辛）通心化痰利水
茼蒿（专入心脾肠胃肾）。一名蓬蒿。其味辛而且甘。其性温。其气浊。凡相火内炽。
症见诸
般燥候者。服之令人气满头昏。目眩心烦舌强。是即气温助火之一验也。若使素禀火衰。则
食又能消痰利水。安脾和胃养心。是即千金所言能安心气之说也。总之。凡物辛温。施于阴
脏无火则宜。施于阳脏有火。为大忌耳！
（柔滑）通滑肠胃
蕹菜（专入肠胃）。按书别无所论。惟言气味甘平。干柔如蔓。中空如葱。以之横地。
节节生
根。号为南方奇蔬。又言专解野葛毒。生捣服之尤良。取汁滴野葛苗。当时即死。捣汁和酒
服。能治难产。则其性气通滑可知。是以脾胃虚寒。大便滑脱。服最深忌。但此其气稍平。
较之菠 苋菜 菜为更胜耳。凡平脏服之最宜。
（荤辛）行血破气
油菜（专入肺。兼入肝脾）。一名芸苔。据书皆载气味辛温。而大明独指其性曰凉。其
义何居
？缘五味五气。于人气血不甚伤损。则或投以辛散。而真气不失。自不得以凉名。如其用辛
破血。审于真气有碍。则辛气既投。凉气自至。又曷能使辛为温。而其气不得以凉名乎？油
菜气味虽辛。（油菜。道家号为五荤之一。）其用长于行血破气。如产后一切气痛血痛。并诸
游风丹毒。热肿疮痔等症。其咸用之。与经水行后。加入四物汤服之。云能断产。并治小儿
惊风。贴其顶囟。引气上出。妇人难产亦同。（歌云。黄金花结粟米实。细研酒下十五粒。
灵丹功效妙如神。难产之时能救急。）而究气行而气无复。血破而血莫生。谓之为凉。谁曰
不宜。是以书载下产。须以藏久者为佳。否则恐有泄泻之虞。又曰。旧患香港脚者不宜食。狐
臭人不宜食。食之加剧。及或动疾发疮。使果是温非凉。亦曷为服之而有若是之症乎？子
打油。善治痈疽。及涂痔漏中虫。（熏肉生虫。以此油涂即灭。）
茼蒿（专门入心、脾、肠胃、肾经）。又名蓬蒿。它的味道辛辣且甘甜，性质温和，气味浊厚。凡是体内相火炽盛，出现各种燥热症状的人，服用它会导致气机上逆、头部胀满昏沉、目眩、心烦、舌体僵硬。这就是其温热之性助长火势的一个验证。如果是素来体质火衰（阳气不足）的人，食用它又能消除痰饮、通利水道、安养脾胃、调和胃气、滋养心神。这正是《千金方》中所说的能安定心气的说法。总之，凡是辛温性质的药物或食物，施用于没有内火的阴脏是适宜的；如果施用于有内火的阳脏，则是极大的禁忌！
蕹菜（专门入肠胃经）。查阅书籍对此别无更多论述，只说其气味甘平，质地柔嫩如藤蔓，中间空心像葱一样，横着种在地上，节节生根，被称为南方的奇异蔬菜。又说它能专门解野葛的毒，生捣汁服用效果最好。取它的汁液滴在野葛苗上，野葛苗当时就会死亡。将它的汁液与酒混合服用，能治疗难产。由此可知其性气具有通利滑润的特点。因此，对于脾胃虚寒、大便滑脱不禁的人，服用它是极深的禁忌。不过它的性质稍微平和，比菠菜和苋菜更为优越。凡是平脏（脏腑功能平和无偏颇）的人服用最为适宜。
【荤辛】行血破气
油菜（专门入肺经，兼入肝、脾经）。又名芸苔。据书籍记载，其气味均为辛温，但《大明本草》唯独指出其性质为凉。这是什么道理呢？因为五味五气，如果对人体气血损伤不大，那么即使投以辛散之品，真气也不会丧失，自然不能称之为凉。如果使用辛味药破血，考虑到真气可能受到阻碍，那么辛气既已投入，凉气自然随之而至，又怎么能使辛味表现为温性，而其气不能称为凉呢？油菜的气味虽然辛（油菜被道家列为“五荤”之一），但其功效特长在于行血破气。例如产后各种气痛、血痛，以及各类游风丹毒、热肿、疮疡痔疮等症状，都普遍使用它。在月经结束后加入四物汤中服用，据说能避孕断产，并治疗小儿惊风，贴敷于头顶囟门，引导气机上出。妇人难产也采用同样的方法。（歌诀云：黄金花结粟米实，细研酒下十五粒。灵丹功效妙如神，难产之时能救急。）然而究其本质，气行则气耗而无复生，血破则血损而莫再生，称它为凉性，谁说是不合适的呢？因此书中记载用于催生时，必须以储藏久者为佳，否则恐怕会有导致腹泻的忧虑。又说，旧患香港脚（足癣/脚气病）的人不宜食用，狐臭的人也不宜食用，食用后会加剧病情，或者引发疾病、发作疮疡。如果它果真是温性而非凉性，为什么服用后会出现这些症状呢？子打油（油菜籽油），善于治疗痈疽，以及涂抹于痔漏中的虫患。（熏肉生虫，用这种油涂抹即可消灭。）
[Acrid and Pungent] Unblocks the Heart, resolves phlegm, promotes urination
Tonghao (Chrysanthemum coronarium L., specifically enters the Heart, Spleen, Stomach, Intestines, and Kidney meridians). Also known as Penghao. Its taste is acrid and sweet, its nature is warm, and its qi is turbid. For those with flourishing ministerial fire (Xianghuo) internally, manifesting as various dryness symptoms, taking it will cause qi to rise, leading to head distension and dizziness, vertigo, irritability, and a stiff tongue. This is a verification of how its warm nature aids fire. If one has a constitution deficient in fire (Yang deficiency), consuming it can resolve phlegm, promote water metabolism, calm the Spleen, harmonize the Stomach, and nourish the Heart. This aligns with the statement in *Qianjin Fang* that it can calm the Heart Qi. In summary, for all things that are acrid and warm, they are suitable when applied to Yin organs without fire; however, they are strictly contraindicated when applied to Yang organs with fire!
[Soft and Slippery] Unblocks and lubricates the Intestines
Wengcai (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk., specifically enters the Stomach and Intestines). According to texts, there is little else discussed, only stating that its taste and nature are sweet and neutral. It is soft and tender like vines, hollow inside like scallions, grows roots at every node when laid horizontally on the ground, and is hailed as a rare vegetable of the South. It is also said to specifically detoxify wild gecko poison (Yege du); crushing it raw and taking the juice is particularly effective. Dripping its juice onto wild gecko seedlings causes them to die immediately. Mixing its juice with wine can treat difficult labor. Thus, its nature and qi are known to be unblocking and slippery. Therefore, it is deeply contraindicated for those with Spleen and Stomach deficiency-cold and loose stools. However, its qi is relatively neutral, superior to spinach (Bo) and amaranth (Xian). It is most suitable for individuals with balanced organs (Ping Zang).
[Acrid and Pungent] Promotes blood circulation, breaks Qi
Youcai (Brassica napus var. oleifera, specifically enters the Lung meridian, concurrently enters the Liver and Spleen meridians). Also known as Yuntai. Texts generally record its taste and nature as acrid and warm, but *Da Ming Bencao* alone specifies its nature as cool. What is the reasoning? Since the five flavors and five qi do not severely damage human Qi and Blood, if acrid dispersing agents are administered, true Qi remains intact, so it cannot be named cool. But if acrid substances are used to break blood, considering that true Qi might be hindered, once the acrid qi is introduced, cool qi naturally follows. How then could the acrid nature manifest as warm, and its qi not be called cool? Although Youcai's taste and nature are acrid (Youcai is considered one of the "Five Pungent Vegetables" by Daoists), its primary utility lies in promoting blood circulation and breaking Qi. It is commonly used for postpartum Qi pain and blood pain, as well as various wandering wind, erysipelas, heat swelling, sores, and hemorrhoids. After menstruation, adding it to Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) is said to prevent conception and treat infantile convulsions; applying it to the fontanelle guides Qi upward. Difficult labor in women is treated similarly. (A song states: When golden flowers set millet-like seeds, finely ground and taken with wine, fifteen pills. The spiritual elixir works miraculously, saving emergencies during difficult labor.) Ultimately, since Qi moves and depletes without regeneration, and Blood is broken without replenishment, calling it cool is indeed appropriate. Therefore, texts record that for inducing childbirth, aged storage is preferred; otherwise, there is a risk of diarrhea. It is also stated that those with chronic tinea pedis (Hong Kong foot/jiaoxi) should not eat it, nor should those with body odor; consumption exacerbates these conditions or triggers diseases and sores. If it were truly warm rather than cool, why would such symptoms occur after consumption? Zida You (Rapeseed oil) effectively treats carbuncles and ulcers, and can be applied to worms in fistulas (worms generated in smoked meat are eliminated by applying this oil).