城头菊 金铃菊 金箭头 菊米 菊根
茶菊较家菊朵不多心，有黄、白二色。杭州钱塘所属良渚桧葬地方，乡人多种菊为业，
秋十
月采取花，挑入城市以售。黄色者有高脚黄等名色，紫蒂者名紫蒂盘桓，白色千叶名千叶玉
玲珑，徽人茶铺多买焙干作点茶用。常中丞安宦游笔记，凤凰山产菊花，不甚大，蒂紫味甘
，取以点茶绝佳。又浙省城头一带产菊，名城头菊，皆生城上石缝中，至秋开花，花小于茶
菊，香气沁腹，点茶更佳，此则茶菊之野生者，味性不同。临安山中所产一种野菊，名金铃
菊，花小如豆，与城头菊仿佛，山人多采入药铺作野菊花用，实与野菊又不同，野菊食之泻
人，而铃菊又不作泻；野菊瓣疏，此则旁瓣密为别也。濒湖纲目菊分家、野，而此数种独未
言及。今杭俗以茶菊作饷遗客，为用最广，予故不惜 缕言之，兼补濒湖所未备焉。 百草
镜云∶甘菊即茶菊，出浙江、江西者佳，形细小而香；产于亳州者不可用，白而微臭。近日
杭州笕桥、安徽池州、绍兴新昌唐公市、湖北缺州皆产，入药用，阴干者去蒂，以白术、枸
杞子、地骨皮为使，反河 及无鳞鱼。园菊花大，不入药，止可装枕去风，其根治疔肿却效
。群方谱∶一名真菊，一名家菊，一名茶菊，花正黄，小如指顶外尖，瓣内细萼柄细而长
，味甘而辛，气香而烈，叶似小金铃而尖，更多亚浅，气味似薄荷，枝干嫩则青，老则紫，
实如葶苈而细，种之亦生苗，人家种以供蔬茹。凡菊叶皆深绿而浓味极苦，或有毛，惟此叶
淡绿柔茎，味微甘，咀嚼香味俱胜，撷以作羹及泛茶，极有风致。 万历嘉善县志∶花黄梗
紫为甘菊，最良。野菊丛生，花小性凉；家菊花大，气弗聚矣。 黄茶菊以紫蒂为佳，明目
去风，搜肝气，治头晕目眩，益血润客，入血分。 食物宜忌∶黄菊花即甘菊花，苦微甘、
性平，益肺肾，去风除热，补血养目，清眩晕头风。 白茶菊，千叶者佳，通肺气，止咳逆
，清三焦郁火，疗肌热，入气分，其根治疔肿、喉疔、喉癣。 海宁出茶菊，名金井玉栏杆
，其花心黄边白，点茶绝佳。 圣惠方云∶黄甘菊虽能燥湿祛风，亦能助火泄气。
性平，专入阳分，治诸风头眩，解酒毒疔肿。
扑打损伤。 王阮亭居易录云∶四川提督吴英说，昔得扑打损伤秘方，虽重伤濒死，但
一丝
未绝，灌下立苏。其方以十一月采野菊花，连枝叶阴干，用时取一两，加童便、无灰酒各一
碗，同煎热服。
红丝疔 立效验方∶以白菊花叶无白者，别菊亦可，冬月无叶取根，加雄黄钱许，蜒蚰
二条
丝尽处为止，用绢条裹紧，隔夜即清，真神方也。
茶菊（用于泡茶的菊花）相比家菊（普通栽培菊花），花朵不多，花心较小，有黄色和白色两种颜色。杭州钱塘所属的良渚桧葬地方，乡民多种植菊花作为生计，在十月秋季采摘花朵，挑入城市售卖。黄色的有“高脚黄”等名称，紫色花蒂的名为“紫蒂盘桓”，白色的千叶品种名为“千叶玉玲珑”。徽州人的茶铺多购买这些菊花焙干后用作点茶（宋代一种将茶末调成糊状再注入沸水的饮茶方式）。常中丞安在《宦游笔记》中记载，凤凰山出产的菊花，个头不大，花蒂呈紫色，味道甘甜，用来点茶极佳。另外，浙江省城头一带出产的菊花，称为城头菊，都生长在城墙石缝中，到秋天开花，花朵比茶菊小，香气沁人心脾，用来点茶更好，这是茶菊的野生品种，味道和药性不同。临安山中出产的一种野菊，名叫金铃菊，花朵小如豆粒，与城头菊相似，山民多采集它放入药铺作为野菊花使用，但实际上它与真正的野菊又不同。野菊食用后会使人腹泻，而金铃菊则不会导致腹泻；野菊花瓣稀疏，此花花瓣密集以此作为区别。李时珍在《本草纲目》中将菊分为家菊和野菊两类，但这几种菊花唯独没有提及。如今杭州习俗以茶菊作为馈赠客人的礼品，用途最广，我不惜笔墨详细叙述，兼补李时珍所未完备之处。
《百草镜》记载：甘菊即茶菊，出自浙江、江西的为佳，形状细小且香气浓郁；产于亳州的不可用，色白且有微臭气。近日杭州笕桥、安徽池州、绍兴新昌唐公市、湖北缺州皆有出产，供药用。阴干的要去掉花蒂，以白术、枸杞子、地骨皮为使药，忌食河豚及无鳞鱼。园圃种植的菊花大，不入药，只可装枕头以祛风，其根部治疗疔肿很有效。
《群方谱》记载：一名真菊，一名家菊，一名茶菊，花色正黄，小如指头顶端，花瓣内部细萼柄细长，味道甘甜而带辛味，气味香烈。叶子像小金铃但更尖，叶片更多且浅裂，气味类似薄荷，枝干嫩时为青色，老时为紫色，果实像葶苈但更细小，种植也能发芽生长，人家种植它是为了作为蔬菜食用。凡是菊叶都是深绿色且味道极苦，有的有毛，唯独这种茶菊叶子淡绿、茎柔嫩，味道微甘，咀嚼时香味更佳，采摘来做羹汤或泛茶，极具风致。
《万历嘉善县志》记载：花黄梗紫的为甘菊，品质最好。野菊丛生，花朵小，性质凉；家菊花朵大，但气不聚。
黄茶菊以紫色花蒂为最佳，能明目祛风，搜刮肝气，治疗头晕目眩，益血润燥（注：原文“客”疑为“燥”或“渴”之误，此处依语境译为润燥或滋润），入血分。
《食物宜忌》记载：黄菊花即甘菊花，味苦微甘，性质平，益肺肾，祛风除热，补血养目，清眩晕头风。
白茶菊，以千叶品种为最佳，通肺气，止咳逆，清三焦郁火，疗肌热，入气分，其根部治疗疔肿、喉疔、喉癣。
海宁出产的茶菊，名叫金井玉栏杆，其花心黄边白，用来点茶极佳。
《圣惠方》记载：黄甘菊虽然能燥湿祛风，但也可能助火泄气。性质平，专入阳分，治疗各种风头眩，解酒毒及疔肿、扑打损伤。
王阮亭在《居易录》中记载：四川提督吴英说，以前得到一个治疗扑打损伤的秘方，即使是重伤濒死，只要还有一丝气息未断，灌下此药立即苏醒。该方在十一月采集野菊花，连枝叶一起阴干，用时取一两，加入童便、无灰酒各一碗，同煎热服。
红丝疔（一种急性淋巴管炎，表现为皮肤红线蔓延）立效验方：用白菊花叶中没有白色斑点的，或者别的菊花也可以，冬天没有叶子就取根部，加入少许雄黄、两条蜒蚰（蜗牛/蛞蝓），缠在红丝尽头为止，用绢条裹紧，隔夜即可清除，真是神方。
Chengtou Chrysanthemum, Jinling Chrysanthemum, Golden Arrowhead, Jumi (Chrysanthemum Rice), Jugen (Chrysanthemum Root).
Chaju (Chrysanthemum for tea) differs from Jiaju (cultivated chrysanthemum) in that its flowers are fewer and the center is smaller. It comes in yellow and white varieties. In the Huizang area of Liangzhu, under the jurisdiction of Qiantang, Hangzhou, locals grow chrysanthemums as a livelihood. They harvest the flowers in the tenth lunar month of autumn, carry them into the city for sale. The yellow ones have names such as "Gaojiao Huang" (Tall-legged Yellow); those with purple calyces are named "Zidi Panhuan"; the white variety with thousand petals is called "Qianye Yulinglong". Tea shops in Huizhou often buy these chrysanthemums, dry them by roasting, and use them for Diancha (a Song dynasty method of preparing whisked tea powder). Chang Zhongcheng An recorded in *Huanyou Biji* (Notes on Official Travels) that chrysanthemums produced on Phoenix Mountain are not very large, have purple calyces, and taste sweet, making them excellent for Diancha. Furthermore, chrysanthemums produced around the city walls of Zhejiang Province are called Chengtou Chrysanthemum; they grow in the crevices of stone city walls and bloom in autumn. Their flowers are smaller than those of Chaju, with an aroma that refreshes the abdomen, making them even better for Diancha. These are wild varieties of Chaju, differing in taste and properties. A type of wild chrysanthemum produced in the mountains of Lin'an is called Jinling Chrysanthemum. Its flowers are small as beans, resembling Chengtou Chrysanthemum. Mountain people often collect it for pharmacies to use as Yeju (Wild Chrysanthemum), but it is actually different from true Wild Chrysanthemum. True Wild Chrysanthemum causes diarrhea when consumed, whereas Jinling Chrysanthemum does not; Wild Chrysanthemum has sparse petals, while this one has dense lateral petals, which serves as the distinction. Li Shizhen in *Bencao Gangmu* (Compendium of Materia Medica) divided chrysanthemums into cultivated and wild types, but did not mention these specific varieties. Currently, the custom in Hangzhou is to gift Chaju to guests, and its uses are extensive. I do not spare words to describe it in detail, supplementing what Li Shizhen left incomplete.
*Bai Cao Jing* (Mirror of Hundred Herbs) states: Ganju (Sweet Chrysanthemum) is Chaju. Those from Zhejiang and Jiangxi are superior, being small in shape and fragrant; those from Bozhou should not be used, as they are white and slightly odorous. Recently, chrysanthemums are produced in Jianqiao, Hangzhou; Chizhou, Anhui; Tanggongshi, Xinchang, Shaoxing; and Quzhou, Hubei. For medicinal use, shade-dried flowers should have their calyces removed. They should be administered with Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Gouqizi (Lycii Fructus), and Digupi (Lycii Cortex) as guiding herbs. They are contraindicated with Pufferfish (Hetun) and scaleless fish. Cultivated garden chrysanthemums are large and not used medicinally; they can only be used to stuff pillows to dispel wind. Their roots are effective in treating Dingzhong (carbuncles/furuncles).
*Qunfang Pu* (Collection of Formulas) states: Also known as Zhenju, Jiaju, or Chaju. The flower color is bright yellow, small as the tip of a finger, with fine inner calyx stalks that are thin and long. The taste is sweet and pungent, and the aroma is fragrant and intense. The leaves resemble small golden bells but are sharper, with more shallow lobes. The smell resembles Mint (Bohe). Young stems are green, old stems are purple. The seeds are like Sesamoides Seeds (Tingli) but finer. Planting them also produces seedlings. Households grow them for vegetable consumption. Generally, chrysanthemum leaves are dark green, thick, and extremely bitter, sometimes hairy. Only this variety has pale green leaves and tender stems, with a slightly sweet taste. Chewing them yields superior fragrance. They can be picked to make soup or float in tea, possessing great elegance.
*Wanli Jiashan County Annals* state: Flowers with yellow petals and purple stems are Sweet Chrysanthemum, of the best quality. Wild chrysanthemums grow in clusters, have small flowers, and a cool nature; cultivated chrysanthemums have large flowers, but their qi is not concentrated.
Yellow Chaju with purple calyces is the best. It brightens the eyes and dispels wind, searches out Liver Qi, treats dizziness and vertigo, nourishes blood and moistens dryness, and enters the Blood level.
*Food Suitability and Taboos* state: Yellow chrysanthemum is Sweet Chrysanthemum. It tastes bitter and slightly sweet, has a neutral nature, benefits the Lung and Kidney, dispels wind and clears heat, nourishes blood and protects the eyes, and clears dizziness and wind-headache.
White Chaju, especially the thousand-petal variety, promotes Lung Qi, stops cough and reverse flow of Qi, clears stagnant fire in the Triple Burner, treats skin heat, and enters the Qi level. Its roots treat carbuncles, throat carbuncles, and throat lichen.
Chaju produced in Haining is named Jinjing Yulan gan (Golden Well Jade Railing). Its flower center is yellow and edges are white, making it excellent for Diancha.
*Shenghui Fang* (Holy惠民 Formula) states: Although Yellow Sweet Chrysanthemum can dry dampness and dispel wind, it may also assist fire and leak Qi. It has a neutral nature, specifically enters the Yang level, treats various head dizziness, resolves alcohol toxicity, and treats carbuncles and traumatic injuries.
Wang Ruanting in *Juyi Lu* (Records of Living Ease) records: Wu Ying, the Military Commissioner of Sichuan, said he once obtained a secret formula for treating traumatic injuries. Even if severely injured and near death, as long as a thread of breath remains, drinking it will cause immediate recovery. The formula involves collecting wild chrysanthemums in the eleventh lunar month, including stems and leaves, and drying them in the shade. When using, take 1 liang, add 1 bowl of child's urine and 1 bowl of unadulterated wine, decoct together, and drink hot.
Li Xiao Yan Fang (Immediate Effective Formula) for Hongsi Ding (Red Thread Carbuncle/Acute Lymphangitis): Use white chrysanthemum leaves without white spots, or other chrysanthemums. If there are no leaves in winter, use the roots. Add a small amount of Realgar (Xionghuang) and two slugs (Yanyou). Tie tightly with a silk strip at the end of the red streak. By the next night, it will clear up. Truly a miraculous formula.