（宋《开宝》）
【释名】脑盖骨（《纲目》）、仙人盖（《纲目》）、头颅骨。《志》曰∶此乃死人顶骨十
字解者，方家婉其名耳。
时珍曰∶人之头圆如盖，穹窿象天，泥丸之宫，神灵所集。修炼家取坎补离，复其纯干
，圣胎圆成，乃开颅囟而出入之，故有天灵盖诸名也。
【修治】藏器曰∶凡用弥腐烂者乃佳。有一片如三指阔者，取得，用 灰火罨一夜。待
腥秽气尽，却用童男溺，于瓷锅子中煮一伏时，漉出。于屋下掘一坑，深一尺，置骨于中一
伏时，其药魂归神妙。阳人使阴，阴人使阳。好古曰∶方家有用檀香汤洗过，酥炙用，或烧
存性者。男骨色不赤，女骨色赤，以此别之也。
【气味】咸，平，无毒。时珍曰∶有毒。
【主治】传尸尸疰，鬼气伏连，久瘴劳疟，寒热无时者，烧令黑，研细，白饮和服，亦
合丸散用（《开宝》）。治肺痿，乏力羸瘦，骨蒸盗汗等，酥炙用（大明）。退心经蕴寒之气（《本
草权度》）。
【发明】杨士瀛曰∶天灵盖治尸疰。尸疰者，鬼气也。伏而未起，故令淹缠。得枯骸枕
骨治之，则魂气飞越，不复附人，故得瘥也。陈承曰∶《神农本经》人部，惟发 一物。其
余皆出后世医家，或禁术之流，奇怪之论耳。近见医家用天灵盖治传尸病，未有一效。残忍
伤神，殊非仁人之用心。苟有可易，仁者宜尽心焉。必不得已，则宜以年深渍朽、绝尸气者，
可也。
【附方】新十一。天灵盖散∶追取劳虫。天灵二指大（以檀香煎汤洗过，酥炙，一气咒
七遍云∶雷公神，电母圣；逢传尸，便须定；急急如律令），尖槟榔五枚，阿魏二分，麝香
三分，辰砂一分，安息香三分，甘遂三分，为末，每服三钱。用童便四升，入银石器内，以
葱白、薤白各二七茎，青蒿二握，甘草二茎（五寸长者），桃枝、柳枝、桑枝、酸榴枝各二
握（七寸长），同煎至一升。分作三盏，五更初，调服前药一服；虫不下，约人行十里，又
进一
服；天明再进。取下虫物，名状不一，急擒入油铛煎之。其虫觜青赤黄色可治，黑白色难治
，然亦可断传染之患。凡修合，先须斋戒，于远处净室，勿令病患闻药气，及鸡犬猫畜、孝
子妇人、一切触秽之物见之。虫下后，以白粥补之。数日之后，梦人哭泣相别，是其验也。
（《上清紫庭仙方》）虚损骨蒸∶《千金方》∶用天灵盖如梳大，炙黄，以水五升，煮取二升，
分三服，起死神方也。张文仲《备急方》∶用人头骨（炙）三两，麝香十两，为末，和蜜捣
千
杵，丸梧桐子大。每服七丸，粥饮下，日再服。若胸前有青脉出者，以针刺看血色；未黑者，
七日瘥。小儿骨蒸，体瘦心烦∶天灵盖（酥炙）、黄连等分，研末。每服半钱，米饮下，日
二
服。（《圣惠方》）诸疟寒热∶天灵盖 研末，水服一字，取效。（《普济方》）膈气不食∶天
灵盖七个，每个用黑豆四十九粒，层层隔封，水火升降，杨梅色，冷定取出，去豆不用，研
末。每服一钱，温酒下。（孙氏《集效方》）青盲不见∶天灵盖（酥炙）、龙胆各二两，白龙
脑
一钱，为末。取黑豆五升净淘，以水煮烂滤汁，却炼成煎拌药，丸梧桐子大。每服温水下二
十丸，日三。频用新汲水洗头面。先令患人沐浴，及剃却顶心发。静一室，令安止，昼夜不
得见明，令满百日。切忌羊血杂肉及动风壅滞热物、喜怒房室等。（《圣惠方》）痘疮陷伏∶
灰平不长，烦躁气急。用天灵盖烧研，酒服三分（一方入雄黄二分），其疮自然起发。（《痘
疹经验方》）下部疳疮∶天灵盖 研末，先以黄柏汤洗净，掺之神效。又一方入红褐小红枣
等分，同烧研。（刘氏《经验方》） 疮湿烂∶人顶骨（烧研）二钱，龙骨三钱，金丝硫黄一
钱，为末。用冬萝卜芽阴干，熬水洗之，乃贴。（刘松石《保寿堂方》）小儿白秃∶大豆、髑
髅骨各烧灰等分，以腊猪脂和涂。（姚僧坦《集验方》）
（宋代《开宝本草》记载）
【释名】脑盖骨（出自《本草纲目》）、仙人盖（出自《本草纲目》）、头颅骨。《志》书说：这是将死人的顶骨呈十字形锯开，方术之士为了委婉起见而取的别名。
李时珍说：人的头圆如伞盖，穹隆状象征天空，是泥丸宫（脑部），神灵聚集之处。修炼道家的人采取“取坎补离”的方法，以恢复纯阳之体（乾卦），待圣胎圆满成就后，便打开颅囟让元神出入，因此有天灵盖等名称。
【修治】藏器说：凡是使用已经腐烂的才最好。有一片宽约三指大的，取来用草木灰火覆盖熏烤一夜。等到腥秽气味散尽，再用童男童尿，在瓷锅中煮一个时辰（两小时），捞出。在屋檐下挖一个一尺深的坑，将骨头放入其中放置一个时辰，这样药的魂魄就回归神妙了。阳人使阴，阴人使阳。好古说：方士有用檀香汤清洗过，再用酥油炙烤使用的，或者烧至存性（保留部分药性）使用的。男骨颜色不红，女骨颜色红，以此加以区别。
【气味】咸味，平性，无毒。李时珍说：有毒。
【主治】治疗传尸（即肺结核等慢性消耗性传染病）、尸疰（一种具有传染性的痨病）、鬼气伏连（指病情缠绵难愈、似有邪祟附着的病症）、久瘴劳疟（长期患疟疾导致的虚劳）、寒热发作无定时者。将其烧成黑色，研成细粉，用白开水送服，也可以制成丸剂或散剂使用（出自《开宝本草》）。治疗肺痿（肺部萎弱不振的病证）、乏力羸瘦、骨蒸盗汗（感觉热气从骨缝中透出并伴有夜间出汗）等症状，用酥油炙烤后使用（出自《大明本草》）。退除心经蕴积的寒气（出自《本草权度》）。
【发明】杨士瀛说：天灵盖治疗尸疰。所谓尸疰，就是鬼气。潜伏而未发作，所以导致病情拖延缠绵。得到枯骸枕骨来治疗它，则魂气飞越，不再依附于人，所以能够痊愈。陈承说：《神农本草经》人部药材，只有头发这一种。其余都出自后世医家，或是禁咒法术一类，属于奇怪的理论罢了。近来见医生用天灵盖治疗传尸病，没有一例见效。残忍伤及神明，绝非仁德之人的用心。如果有可以替代的药物，仁者应当尽心寻找。如果迫不得已，应该选用年代久远、浸泡腐朽、完全没有尸气的骨头，才可以。
【附方】新收录十一条。
天灵盖散：用于追取劳虫（指引起痨病的寄生虫或致病因子）。天灵盖二指大（用檀香煎汤洗过，酥油炙烤，一边念咒七遍：“雷公神，电母圣；逢传尸，便须定；急急如律令”），尖槟榔五枚，阿魏二分，麝香三分，辰砂一分，安息香三分，甘遂三分，研为细末。每次服用三钱。用童便四升，放入银器或石器内，加入葱白、薤白各十四茎，青蒿两把，甘草两根（长五寸的），桃枝、柳枝、桑枝、酸榴枝各两把（长七寸的），共同煎煮至一升。分作三杯，在五更初（凌晨3-5点），调服前药一服；如果虫子没下来，大约人行走十里路后，再进一服；天亮后再进一服。排下的虫物，形状名字不一，急忙捉入油锅煎炸。其虫嘴呈青赤黄色者可治，黑白色者难治，但也能断绝传染的祸患。凡配制此药，必须先斋戒，在远处的洁净房间进行，不要让病人闻到药气，以及鸡犬猫畜、孝子妇人、一切触秽之物看见。虫子排出后，用白粥调养。数日之后，梦见有人哭泣告别，就是有效的征验。（出自《上清紫庭仙方》）
虚损骨蒸：《千金方》：用天灵盖大小如梳子，炙黄，用水五升，煮取二升，分三次服用，是起死回生的神方。张文仲《备急方》：用人头骨（炙）三两，麝香十两，研为细末，和蜜捣千杵，制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用七丸，用米饮送下，每天两次。如果胸前有青色脉络浮现，用针刺看血色；如果不黑，七日可愈。
小儿骨蒸，身体消瘦心烦：天灵盖（酥油炙）、黄连等分，研为细末。每次服用半钱，用米饮送下，每天两次。（出自《圣惠方》）
各种疟疾寒热：天灵盖研为细末，水送服一字量，即可见效。（出自《普济方》）
膈气不食：天灵盖七个，每个用黑豆四十九粒，层层间隔封存，经过水火升降处理，变成杨梅色，冷却后取出，去掉豆子不用，研为细末。每次服用一钱，温酒送下。（孙氏《集效方》）
青盲不见（视神经萎缩等导致的失明）：天灵盖（酥油炙）、龙胆草各二两，白龙脑一钱，研为细末。取黑豆五升洗净，用水煮烂滤汁，再将药汁炼成煎膏拌药，制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次温水送下二十丸，每天三次。频繁用新汲水洗头面。先让患者沐浴，并剃掉头顶心的头发。在一个安静的房间里，让他安住，昼夜不得见光，满一百天。切忌吃羊血杂肉以及动风壅滞的热物，避免喜怒和房事。（出自《圣惠方》）
痘疮陷伏（痘疹塌陷不起）：痘灰平坦不长，烦躁气急。用天灵盖烧研，酒送服三分（一方加入雄黄二分），痘疮自然起发。（出自《痘疹经验方》）
下部疳疮：天灵盖研为细末，先用黄柏汤洗净，掺药粉，效果神奇。又一方加入红褐小红枣等分，一同烧研。（刘氏《经验方》）
疮湿烂：人顶骨（烧研）二钱，龙骨三钱，金丝硫黄一钱，研为细末。用冬萝卜芽阴干，熬水清洗患处，然后贴敷。（刘松石《保寿堂方》）
小儿白秃（头部癣症）：大豆、骷髅骨各烧成灰等分，用腊月猪脂调和涂抹。（姚僧坦《集验方》）
(Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao* Record)
[Names] Brain Cover Bone (*Bencao Gangmu*), Immortal Cover (*Bencao Gangmu*), Skull Bone. The *Zhi* book states: This refers to the top bone of a corpse sawed in a cross shape; this is merely a euphemistic name given by practitioners of esoteric arts.
Li Shizhen said: The human head is round like a cover, domed like the sky, and is the Palace of Niwan (the brain), where spirits gather. Daoist cultivators employ the method of "extracting Kan to supplement Li" to restore pure Yang (Qian trigram). When the sacred embryo is fully formed, they open the cranial fontanelle for the spirit to enter and exit, hence the names Tianlinggai (Heavenly Spirit Cover) and others.
[Preparation] Zangqi said: Those that are thoroughly decayed are best. Take a piece about three fingers wide, and smolder it with ash fire for one night. Once the fishy and foul odor is gone, boil it in a porcelain pot using urine from an intact boy for one shichen (two hours), then strain it out. Dig a pit one chi deep under the eaves, place the bone inside for one shichen, so that the spiritual essence of the medicine returns to its miraculous state. Yang utilizes Yin, and Yin utilizes Yang. Hao Gu said: Practitioners sometimes wash it with Tanxiang decoction (Sandalwood Decoction), roast it with Su (animal fat or clarified butter), or burn it until only its nature remains (Cunxing). Male bones are not red, while female bones are red, which distinguishes them.
[Flavor and Properties] Salty, neutral, non-toxic. Li Shizhen said: Toxic.
[Indications] Treats Chuanshen (consumptive disease such as tuberculosis), Shizhu (infectious phthisis), Guiqi Fulian (lingering illness resembling possession), Jiu zhang laonue (chronic malaria leading to consumptive weakness), and cases with irregular chills and fever. Burn it until black, grind into fine powder, and take with plain water. It can also be made into pills or powders (*Kaibao Bencao*). Treats Feiwei (pulmonary fibrosis/atrophy), fatigue and emaciation, bone-steaming tidal fever, and night sweats; use after roasting with Su (*Daming Bencao*). Resolves cold qi accumulated in the Heart meridian (*Bencao Quandu*).
[Elucidation] Yang Shiying said: Tianlinggai treats Shizhu. Shizhu is ghostly qi. It lies dormant without rising, causing lingering缠绵 (entanglement). Using the occipital bone of a dry corpse to treat it causes the soul's qi to fly away and no longer attach to humans, thus achieving recovery. Chen Cheng said: In the *Shennong Benjing*, within the Human category, only Hair (Famen) appears. The rest originate from later physicians or exorcists, representing strange theories. Recently, I have seen physicians using Tianlinggai to treat Chuanshen disease, with zero efficacy. It is cruel and damages the divine spirit, certainly not the intention of a benevolent person. If there are alternatives, a benevolent person should strive to find them. If absolutely unavoidable, one should select bones that are old, soaked and rotten, and completely devoid of corpse qi.
[Attached Formulas] Eleven new formulas.
Tianlinggai San (Heavenly Spirit Cover Powder): Used to pursue and eliminate Laochong (labor worms/pathogenic factors). Tianlinggai two finger-widths large (washed with Tanxiang decoction, roasted with Su, while chanting seven times: "Lei Gong Shen, Dian Mu Sheng; Feng Chuanshen, Bian Xu Ding; Ji Ji Ru Lü Ling"), Jian Binglang (Areca Seed) five pieces, Awei (Asafoetida) 2 fen, Shexiang (Musk) 3 fen, Chensha (Cinnabar) 1 fen, Anxi Xiang (Benzoin) 3 fen, Gansui (Kansui Root) 3 fen. Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose. Use four sheng of child urine, put in a silver or ceramic vessel, add fourteen stems of Congbai (Scallion White) and Xiebai (Allium Macrostemon), two handfuls of Qinghao (Artemisia Annua), two stems of Gancao (Licorice Root, 5 cun long), two handfuls each of Taozhi (Peach Twig), Liuzhi (Willow Twig), Sangzhi (Mulberry Twig), and Suanliuzhi (Pomegranate Twig, 7 cun long). Decoct together until one sheng remains. Divide into three cups. At the beginning of Wugeng (3-5 AM), mix with the previous medicine and take one dose. If the worms do not pass, wait until a person walks ten li, then take another dose. Take again at dawn. The expelled worms vary in shape and name; catch them quickly and fry them in oil. Worms with green-red-yellow mouths are treatable; those with black-white mouths are difficult to treat, but transmission can still be cut off. Before preparation, one must fast and purify oneself in a distant clean room. Do not let the patient smell the medicine, nor allow chickens, dogs, cats, mourners, women, or any unclean objects to see it. After the worms pass, replenish with white rice porridge. After several days, dreaming of people crying farewell is a sign of efficacy (*Shangqing Ziting Xianfang*).
Deficiency and Bone-Steaming Fever: *Qianjin Fang*: Use Tianlinggai the size of a comb, roast until yellow, add five sheng of water, boil down to two sheng, divide into three doses. It is a miraculous formula that revives the dead. Zhang Wenzhong's *Beiji Fang*: Use human skull bone (roasted) 3 liang, Shexiang (Musk) 10 liang. Grind into powder, mix with honey, pound for a thousand strokes, and form pills the size of wutong seeds. Take seven pills per dose, with rice drink, twice daily. If blue veins appear on the chest, prick with a needle to check blood color; if not black, it heals in seven days.
Pediatric Bone-Steaming, Emaciation, and Restlessness: Tianlinggai (roasted with Su) and Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) in equal parts. Grind into powder. Take half a qian per dose, with rice drink, twice daily (*Shenghui Fang*).
Various Malaria Chills and Fevers: Tianlinggai ground into powder, taken with water in a "yi zi" amount, effective (*Puji Fang*).
Diaphragmatic Qi and Anorexia: Seven pieces of Tianlinggai. For each piece, place 49 Black Beans between layers, seal tightly, and process through fire and water cycles until it turns the color of a bayberry. Cool and remove, discard beans, grind into powder. Take 1 qian per dose, with warm wine (*Sunshi Jixiao Fang*).
Blindness (Qingmang): Tianlinggai (roasted with Su) and Longdan (Gentianae Radix) each 2 liang, Bailongnao (Borneol) 1 qian. Grind into powder. Take 5 sheng of Black Beans, wash cleanly, boil until soft, filter juice, reduce to a syrup, mix with medicine, and form pills the size of wutong seeds. Take 20 pills with warm water, three times daily. Frequently wash head and face with fresh well water. First, have the patient bathe and shave the hair on the crown of the head. Keep in a quiet room, allowing no light day or night, for 100 days. Strictly avoid mutton blood mixed with meat, wind-moving and stagnating hot foods, anger, joy, and sexual intercourse (*Shenghui Fang*).
Inverted Pox (Douchuang Xianfu): Pox ashes are flat and not growing, with irritability and rapid breathing. Use Tianlinggai burned and ground, taken with wine, 3 fen (one variation adds Xionghuang (Realgar) 2 fen). The pox will naturally rise and erupt (*Douzhen Jingyan Fang*).
Lower Body Chan Sores: Tianlinggai ground into powder. First wash with Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) decoction, then apply powder. Effect is miraculous. Another variation adds Honghe Xiaohongzao (Red Small Dates) in equal parts, burn and grind together (*Liu Shi Jingyan Fang*).
Wet and Ulcerated Sores: Human top bone (burned and ground) 2 qian, Longgu (Fossil Bones) 3 qian, Jinsu Huang (Gold-thread Sulfur) 1 qian. Grind into powder. Dry winter radish sprouts in shade, decoct with water to wash the area, then apply (*Liu Songshi Baoshou Tang Fang*).
Pediatric White Baldness (Tinea Capitis): Soybeans and Skull bones burned to ash in equal parts. Mix with lard from the twelfth lunar month and apply (*Yao Sengt'an Jiyang Fang*).