（《本经》上品）
【释名】 冬（音门）、颠勒
禹锡曰∶按∶《尔雅》云∶蔷蘼， 冬。注云∶门冬也，一名满冬。《抱朴子》云∶一名
颠棘，或名地门冬，或名筵门冬。在东岳名淫羊藿；在中岳名天门冬；在西岳名管松；在北
岳，名无不愈；在南岳名百部；在京陆山阜名颠棘；在越人，名浣草。虽处处有之，其名不
同，其实一也。别有百部草，其根有百许如一，而苗小异，其苗似菝 ，惟可治咳，不中服
食，须分别之。
时珍曰∶草之茂者为 ，俗作门。此草蔓茂，而功同麦门冬，故曰天门冬，或曰天棘。
《尔雅》云∶髦，颠棘也。因其细叶如髦，有细棘也。颠、天，音相近也。按∶《救荒本草》
云∶俗名万岁藤，又名娑萝树。其形与治肺之功颇同百部，故亦名百部也。蔷蘼乃营实苗，
而《尔雅》指为 冬，盖古书错
【集解】《别录》曰∶天门冬，生奉高山谷。二月、三月、七月、八月采根，曝干。
弘景曰∶奉高，泰山下县名也。今处处有之，以高地大根味甘者为好。《桐君药录
∶蔓生，叶有刺，五月花白，十月实黑，根连数十枚。张华《博物志》云∶天门冬茎间有逆
刺。若叶滑者，名 体，一名颠棘。 根入汤，可以浣缣，素白如KT ， 类也。今越人
名为浣草，胜于用灰。此非门冬，乃相似尔。按∶此说与桐君之说相乱。今人所采皆是有刺
者，本名颠勒，亦粗相似，用此浣衣则净，不复更有门冬。恐门冬自一种，或即是浣草耶？
又有百部，根亦相类，但苗异尔。
恭曰∶此有二种∶一种苗有刺而涩，一种无刺而滑，皆是门冬。俗云颠棘、浣草者，形
貌之。虽作数名，终是一物。二根浣垢俱净。门冬、浣草，互名也。 ，音命，目之也。
颂曰∶处处有之。春生藤蔓，大如钗股，高至丈余。叶如茴香，极尖细而疏滑，有逆刺；
亦有涩而无刺者，其叶如
丝杉而细散，皆名天门冬。夏生细白花，亦有黄色及紫色者。秋结黑子，在其根枝旁。入伏
后无花，暗结子。其根白或
黄紫色，大如手指，圆实而长二、三寸，大者为胜，一科一二十枚同撮，颇与百部根相类。
洛中出者，大叶粗干，殊不
相类。岭南者无花，余无他异。
禹锡曰∶《抱朴子》言∶生高地，根短味甜气香者为上；生水侧下地，叶细似蕴而微黄，
根长而味多苦、气臭者，次之。若以服食，令人下气，为益又迟也。入山便可蒸煮，啖之断
谷。或为散，仍取汁作酒以服散尤佳。
时珍曰∶生苗时，亦可以沃地栽种。子亦堪种，但晚成。
根
【修治】弘景曰∶门冬采得蒸，剥去皮食之，甚甘美，止饥。虽曝干，尤脂润难捣，必
须曝于日中或火烘之。今人呼苗为棘刺，煮作饮宜人，而终非真棘刺也。
颂曰∶二、三、七、八月采根，蒸剥去皮，四破去心，曝干用。
曰∶采得去皮、心，用柳木甑及柳木柴蒸一伏时，洒酒令遍，更添火蒸。作小架去地
二尺，摊于上，曝干用。
【气味】苦，平，无毒。《别录》曰∶甘，大寒。
好古曰∶气寒，味微苦而辛。气薄味浓，阳中之阴。入手太阴、足少阴经气分之药。
之才曰∶垣衣、地黄、贝母为之使。畏曾青。
损之曰∶服天门冬，禁食鲤鱼。误食中毒者，浮萍汁解之。捣汁，制雄黄、 砂。
【主治】诸暴风湿偏痹，强骨髓，杀三虫，去伏尸。久服轻身益气延年，不饥（《本经》）。
保定肺气，去寒热，养肌肤，利小便，冷而能补（《别录》）。肺气咳逆，喘息促急，肺痿生
痈吐脓，除热，通肾气，止消渴，去热中风，治湿疥，宜久服。煮食之，令人肌体滑泽白净，
除身上一切恶气不洁之疾（甄权）。镇心，润五脏，补五劳七伤，吐血，治嗽消痰，去风热
烦闷（大明）。主心病，嗌干心痛，渴而欲饮，痿蹶嗜卧，足下热而痛（好古）。润燥滋阴，
清金降火（时珍）。阳事不起，宜常服之（思邈）。
【发明】权曰∶天门冬冷而能补，患人体虚而热者，宜加用之。和地黄为使，服之耐老
头不白。
宗 曰∶治肺热之功为多。其味苦，专泄而不专收，寒多人禁服之。
元素曰∶苦以泄滞血，甘以助元气，及治血妄行，此天门冬之功也。保定肺气，治血热
侵肺，上气喘促，宜加人参、黄 为主，用之神效。
嘉谟曰∶天、麦门冬并入手太阴，祛烦解渴，止咳消痰。而麦门冬兼行手少阴，清心降
火，使肺不犯邪，故止咳立效。天门冬复走足少阴，滋肾助元，全其母气，故消痰殊功。盖
肾主津液，燥则凝而为痰，得润剂则化，所谓治痰之本也。
好古曰∶入手太阴、足少阴经。营卫枯涸，宜以湿剂润之。二门冬、人参、五味、枸杞
子同为生脉之剂，此上焦独取寸口之意。
赵继宗曰∶五药虽为生脉之剂，然生地黄、贝母为天门冬之使；地黄、车前，为麦门冬
之使；茯苓，为人参之使。若有君无使，是独行无功也。故张三丰与胡KT 尚书长生不
方，用天门冬三斤，地黄一斤， 乃有君而有使也。
禹锡曰∶《抱朴子》言∶入山便可以天门冬蒸煮，啖之，取足以断谷。若有力可饵之，
或作散、酒服，或捣汁作液、膏服。至百日丁壮兼倍，快于术及黄精也。二百日强筋髓，驻
颜色。与炼成松脂同蜜丸服，尤善。杜紫微服之，御八十外家，一百四十岁，日行三百里。
慎微曰∶《列仙传》云∶赤须子食天门冬，齿落更生，细发复出。太原甘始服天门冬，
在人间三百余年。《圣化经》云∶以天门冬、茯苓等分，为末，日服方寸匕。则不畏寒，大
寒时单衣汗出也。
时珍曰∶天门冬清金降火，益水之上源，故能下通肾气，入滋补方，合群药用之有效。
若脾胃虚寒人，单饵既久，必病肠滑，反成痼疾。此物性寒而润，能利大肠故也。
【附方】旧三，新十五。
末。每服方寸匕，日三服。无问山中人间，久服补中益气，治虚劳绝伤，年老衰损，偏枯不
随，风湿不仁，冷痹恶疮，痈疽癞疾。鼻柱败烂者，服之皮脱虫出。酿酒服，去症瘕积聚，
风痰颠狂，三虫伏尸，除湿痹，轻身益气，
则香美，诸酒不及也。忌鲤鱼。
每服方寸匕。名仙人粮。
辟谷不饥∶天门冬二斤，熟地黄一斤，为末，炼蜜丸弹子大。每温酒化三丸，日三服。
居山远行，辟谷良。服至十日，身轻目明；二十日，百病愈，颜色如花；三十日，发白更黑，
齿落重生；五十日，行及奔马；百日，延年。又法∶天门冬捣汁，微火煎取五斗，入白蜜一
斗，胡麻（炒末）二升，合煎至可丸，即止火。下大豆黄末，和作饼，径三寸，浓半寸。一
服
一饼，一日三服，百日以上有益。又法∶天门冬末一升，松脂末一升，蜡、蜜一升和煎，丸
如梧子大。每日早、午、晚各服三十丸。天门冬酒，补五脏，调六腑，令人无病∶天门冬三
十斤，去心捣碎，以水二石，煮汁一石，糯米一斗，细曲十斤，如常炊酿，酒熟，日饮三杯。
天门冬膏，去积聚风痰，补肺，疗咳嗽失血，润五脏，杀三虫伏尸，除瘟疫，轻身益气，令
人不饥∶以天门冬流水泡过，去皮心，捣烂取汁，砂锅文武炭火煮，勿令大沸。以十斤
为率，熬至三斤，却入蜜四两，熬至滴水不散，瓶盛埋土中一七，去火毒。每日早、晚白汤
调服一匙。若动大便，以酒服之。（《医方摘要》）
肺痿咳嗽吐涎沫，心中温温，咽燥而不渴∶生天门冬（捣汁）一斗，酒一斗，饴一升，
紫菀四合，铜器煎至可丸。每服杏仁大一丸，日三服。（《肘后方》）
阴虚火动有痰，不堪用燥剂者∶天门冬一斤（水浸洗去心，取肉十二两，石臼捣烂），
五味子
（水洗去核，取肉四两，晒干，不见火）。共捣丸梧子大。每服二十丸，茶下，日三服。（《简
便方》）
酒
洒之，九蒸九晒，待干秤之）。人参一两为末，蒸枣肉捣和，丸梧子大。每服三十丸，食前
温酒下，日三服。（洁古《活法机要》）
虚劳体痛∶天门冬末，酒服方寸匕，日三。忌鲤鱼。（《千金方》）
天
门冬去皮心，煮食。或曝干为末，蜜丸服，尤佳。亦可洗面。（孟诜《食疗》）
热寝汗，口干引饮，气喘∶天门冬十两，麦门冬八两（并去心为末）。以生地黄三斤，取汁
熬膏，和丸梧子大。每服五十丸，以逍遥散去甘草，煎汤下。（《活法机要》）
耳如蝉鸣，引胁牵痛∶天门冬去心皮，曝捣为末。酒服方寸匕，日三服，久服良。（《外台
秘要》）
面黑令白∶天门冬曝干，同蜜捣作丸。日用洗面。（《圣济总录》）
门冬、
麦门冬（并去心）、玄参等分。为末，炼蜜丸弹子大。每噙一丸，乃僧居寮所传方也。（齐德
之《外科精义》）
未效，再服必愈。此祖传经验方也。（虞抟《医学正传》）
【《神农本草经》列为上品】
【释名】 天门冬（读音同“门”）、颠勒。
陶弘景说：查阅《尔雅》记载：“蔷蘼，就是天门冬。”注解说：也叫门冬，又名满冬。《抱朴子》记载：又名颠棘，或者叫地门冬，或者叫筵门冬。在东岳泰山称为淫羊藿；在中岳嵩山称为天门冬；在西岳华山称为管松；在北岳恒山称为无不愈；在南岳衡山称为百部；在京陆山阜称为颠棘；在越人地区称为浣草。虽然到处都有生长，但名称不同，实际上是一种植物。另有百部草，其根部有一百多根聚集在一起像一捆，而幼苗略有不同，其苗类似菝葜，只能治疗咳嗽，不适合服用养生，必须加以区分。
李时珍说：草木茂盛的地方称为“”，俗写作“门”。这种草藤蔓茂盛，功效与麦门冬相同，所以叫天门冬，也有人叫它天棘。《尔雅》记载：“髦，就是颠棘。”因为它的细叶像马尾鬃毛，且有细小的棘刺。“颠”和“天”读音相近。查阅《救荒本草》记载：俗名万岁藤，又名娑萝树。其形态与治疗肺部的功效颇似百部，所以也名叫百部。蔷蘼其实是营实的幼苗，而《尔雅》将其指为天门冬，大概是古书有误。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：天门冬生长在奉高的高山深谷中。二月、三月、七月、八月采集根部，晒干。
陶弘景说：奉高，是泰山下的一个县名。现在到处都有生长，以高地生长、根部大、味甘的为好。《桐君药录》记载：蔓生，叶有刺，五月开白花，十月结黑果，根连接几十枚。张华《博物志》记载：天门冬茎间有逆刺。如果叶子光滑的，称为体，又名颠棘。用它的根煮水，可以洗涤丝织品，洁白如绢，属于同类。现在越人称之为浣草，比用草木灰洗涤更好。这并不是真正的门冬，只是相似罢了。按：这种说法与桐君的说法相混淆。现在人们采集的都是有刺的，本名叫颠勒，也大致相似，用它洗衣服很干净，不再需要门冬了。恐怕门冬自有一种，或者就是浣草吗？又有百部，根部也相似，只是幼苗不同。
苏恭说：这有两种：一种苗有刺且涩，一种无刺且滑，都是门冬。俗称为颠棘、浣草的，是指其形状外貌。虽然有几个名字，终究是一种东西。两种根都能洗净污垢。门冬、浣草，是互用的名称。，音命，是指眼睛看它。
苏颂说：到处都有生长。春天生出藤蔓，粗如钗股，高至一丈多。叶像茴香，极尖细而疏滑，有逆刺；也有涩而无刺的，其叶像丝杉而细散，都叫天门冬。夏天开细小白花，也有黄色及紫色的。秋天结黑籽，长在根枝旁。入伏后无花，暗中结籽。其根白色或黄紫色，大如手指，圆实而长二、三寸，大的为好，一科一二十枚聚在一起，颇与百部根相似。洛中出产的，叶大干粗，完全不相似。岭南出产的无花，其余没有别的差异。
孟诜说：《抱朴子》言：生长在高地，根短味甜气香的为上品；生长在水边低地，叶细似蕴而微黄，根长而味多苦、气臭的，为次品。如果用来服食养生，能使人下气，益处又慢。进山就可以蒸煮食用，吃它可以断绝五谷。或者制成散剂，再取汁酿酒服用散剂尤其好。
李时珍说：生长幼苗时，也可以浇灌土地栽种。种子也可以种植，但成熟较晚。
根
【修治】陶弘景说：门冬采得后蒸熟，剥去皮食用，非常甘美，能止饥。即使晒干，依然脂润难捣碎，必须在烈日下暴晒或用火烘烤。现在人称其苗为棘刺，煮作饮料适宜人饮用，但最终不是真正的棘刺。
苏颂说：二、三、七、八月采集根部，蒸熟剥去皮，四破去心，晒干使用。
寇宗奭说：采得后去皮、心，用柳木甑及柳木柴蒸一个时辰（伏时），洒酒令其均匀，再加火蒸。做成小架子离地二尺，摊在上面，晒干使用。
【气味】苦，平，无毒。《名医别录》说：甘，大寒。
李杲说：气寒，味微苦而辛。气薄味浓，属阳中之阴。入手太阴肺经、足少阴肾经气分的药。
徐之才说：垣衣、地黄、贝母作为引经药。畏曾青。
孙思邈说：服用天门冬，禁食鲤鱼。误食中毒者，用浮萍汁解毒。捣汁，可制约雄黄、朱砂。
【主治】各种突发风湿偏痹，强壮骨髓，杀灭三虫，去除伏尸。长期服用轻身益气延年，不饥饿（《神农本草经》）。
保固肺气，去除寒热，滋养肌肤，利小便，冷而能补（《名医别录》）。治疗肺气咳逆，喘息促急，肺痿生痈吐脓，除热，通肾气，止消渴，去除热中风，治疗湿疥，宜长期服用。煮食之，令人肌体滑泽白净，除去身上一切恶气不洁之疾（甄权）。镇心安神，滋润五脏，补五劳七伤，吐血，治疗咳嗽消除痰液，去除风热烦闷（孟洗）。主治心病，咽喉干燥心痛，口渴想饮水，痿蹶嗜卧，足下热而痛（李杲）。润燥滋阴，清金降火（李时珍）。阳痿不起，宜常服（孙思邈）。
【发明】甄权说：天门冬冷而能补，患人体虚而热的，宜加用之。与地黄配合使用，服用后可延缓衰老，头发不白。
陈承说：治疗肺热的功效较多。其味苦，专于泄降而不专于收敛，寒气重的人禁止服用。
张元素说：苦以泄滞血，甘以助元气，以及治疗血妄行，这是天门冬的功效。保固肺气，治疗血热侵肺，上气喘促，宜加人参、黄芪为主，使用效果神奇。
王嘉谟说：天、麦门冬都入手太阴经，祛烦解渴，止咳消痰。而麦门冬兼行手少阴经，清心降火，使肺不犯邪，所以止咳立效。天门冬又走足少阴经，滋肾助元，保全母气，所以消痰殊功。盖肾主津液，燥则凝而为痰，得到润剂则化，所谓治痰之本也。
李杲说：入手太阴、足少阴经。营卫枯涸，宜以湿剂润之。二门冬、人参、五味子、枸杞子同为生脉之剂，这是上焦独取寸口的意思。
赵继宗说：五药虽然是生脉之剂，然而生地黄、贝母为天门冬的引经药；地黄、车前，为麦门冬的引经药；茯苓，为人参的引经药。若有君药无使药，是独行无功也。所以张三丰与胡尚书长生不老方，用天门冬三斤，地黄一斤，乃是有君而有使也。
孟诜说：《抱朴子》言：进山就可以用天门冬蒸煮，吃它，取足以断绝五谷。如果有能力可饵服它，或者制成散、酒服用，或者捣汁作液、膏服用。到一百天身体健壮加倍，快于术及黄精。二百天强筋髓，驻颜色。与炼成松脂同蜜丸服用，尤其好。杜紫微服用它，八十岁还有家室，一百四十岁，日行三百里。
慎微说：《列仙传》云：赤须子食天门冬，齿落更生，细发复出。太原甘始服天门冬，在人间三百余年。《圣化经》云：以天门冬、茯苓等分，为末，日服方寸匕。则不畏寒，大寒时单衣汗出也。
李时珍说：天门冬清金降火，益水之上源，故能下通肾气，入滋补方，合群药用之有效。若脾胃虚寒人，单饵既久，必病肠滑，反成痼疾。此物性寒而润，能利大肠故也。
【附方】旧方三个，新方十五个。
末。每服方寸匕，日三服。无论山中人间，久服补中益气，治虚劳绝伤，年老衰损，偏枯不随，风湿不仁，冷痹恶疮，痈疽癞疾。鼻柱败烂者，服之皮脱虫出。酿酒服，去症瘕积聚，风痰颠狂，三虫伏尸，除湿痹，轻身益气，
则香美，诸酒不及也。忌鲤鱼。
每服方寸匕。名仙人粮。
辟谷不饥∶天门冬二斤，熟地黄一斤，为末，炼蜜丸弹子大。每温酒化三丸，日三服。居山远行，辟谷良。服至十日，身轻目明；二十日，百病愈，颜色如花；三十日，发白更黑，齿落重生；五十日，行及奔马；百日，延年。又法∶天门冬捣汁，微火煎取五斗，入白蜜一斗，胡麻（炒末）二升，合煎至可丸，即止火。下大豆黄末，和作饼，径三寸，浓半寸。一服
一饼，一日三服，百日以上有益。又法∶天门冬末一升，松脂末一升，蜡、蜜一升和煎，丸如梧子大。每日早、午、晚各服三十丸。天门冬酒，补五脏，调六腑，令人无病∶天门冬三十斤，去心捣碎，以水二石，煮汁一石，糯米一斗，细曲十斤，如常炊酿，酒熟，日饮三杯。天门冬膏，去积聚风痰，补肺，疗咳嗽失血，润五脏，杀三虫伏尸，除瘟疫，轻身益气，令人不饥∶以天门冬流水泡过，去皮心，捣烂取汁，砂锅文武炭火煮，勿令大沸。以十斤为率，熬至三斤，却入蜜四两，熬至滴水不散，瓶盛埋土中一七，去火毒。每日早、晚白汤调服一匙。若动大便，以酒服之。（《医方摘要》）
肺痿咳嗽吐涎沫，心中温温，咽燥而不渴∶生天门冬（捣汁）一斗，酒一斗，饴一升，紫菀四合，铜器煎至可丸。每服杏仁大一丸，日三服。（《肘后方》）
阴虚火动有痰，不堪用燥剂者∶天门冬一斤（水浸洗去心，取肉十二两，石臼捣烂），五味子（水洗去核，取肉四两，晒干，不见火）。共捣丸梧子大。每服二十丸，茶下，日三服。（《简便方》）
酒洒之，九蒸九晒，待干秤之）。人参一两为末，蒸枣肉捣和，丸梧子大。每服三十丸，食前温酒下，日三服。（洁古《活法机要》）
虚劳体痛∶天门冬末，酒服方寸匕，日三。忌鲤鱼。（《千金方》）
天门冬去皮心，煮食。或曝干为末，蜜丸服，尤佳。亦可洗面。（孟诜《食疗》）
热寝汗，口干引饮，气喘∶天门冬十两，麦门冬八两（并去心为末）。以生地黄三斤，取汁熬膏，和丸梧子大。每服五十丸，以逍遥散去甘草，煎汤下。（《活法机要》）
耳如蝉鸣，引胁牵痛∶天门冬去心皮，曝捣为末。酒服方寸匕，日三服，久服良。（《外台秘要》）
面黑令白∶天门冬曝干，同蜜捣作丸。日用洗面。（《圣济总录》）
门冬、麦门冬（并去心）、玄参等分。为末，炼蜜丸弹子大。每噙一丸，乃僧居寮所传方也。（齐德之《外科精义》）
未效，再服必愈。此祖传经验方也。（虞抟《医学正传》）
[Classified as Upper Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*]
【Names】 Tiandong (pronounced "men"), Dianle.
Tao Hongjing stated: According to *Erya*, "Qiangmi is Tiandong." The annotation says: also called Mendong, another name is Mandong. *Baopuzi* states: also named Dianji, or Didiandong, or Yanmendong. In the Eastern Mountain (Mount Tai), it is called Yinyanghuo; in the Central Mountain (Mount Song), it is called Tiandong; in the Western Mountain (Mount Hua), it is called Guansong; in the Northern Mountain (Mount Heng), it is called Wubuyu; in the Southern Mountain (Mount Heng), it is called Baibu; in the hills of Jinglu, it is called Dianji; among the Yue people, it is called Huancǎo. Although it grows everywhere, its names differ, but they are essentially the same plant. There is another herb called Baibu, whose roots gather in a bundle of about a hundred, while the seedlings are slightly different. Its seedlings resemble Bqia, and it can only treat coughs, not suitable for ingestion for health preservation; one must distinguish them.
Li Shizhen said: Where herbs grow luxuriantly, it is called "", commonly written as "men". This herb has lush vines, and its efficacy is similar to Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong), hence called Tiandong, or sometimes Tianji. *Erya* states: "Mao is Dianji." Because its fine leaves resemble horsehair tails and have fine spines. "Dian" and "Tian" have similar pronunciations. According to *Jiu Huang Ben Cao*: commonly known as Wansui Teng, also called Suoluo Tree. Its shape and efficacy in treating the lungs are quite similar to Baibu, hence also named Baibu. Qiangmi is actually the seedling of Yingshi, and *Erya* referring to it as Tiandong is likely an error in ancient texts.
【Collection and Description】 *Bielu* states: Tiandong grows in the high mountains and deep valleys of Fenggao. Collect the roots in February, March, July, and August, and dry them in the sun.
Tao Hongjing said: Fenggao is the name of a county below Mount Tai. It is now found everywhere, with those growing on high ground, having large roots and sweet taste being the best. *Tongjun Yaolu* states: It grows as a vine, leaves have thorns, flowers are white in May, and fruits are black in October. Roots connect in clusters of dozens. Zhang Hua's *Bowuzhi* states: Tiandong stems have reverse thorns. If the leaves are smooth, it is called Tiyi, also named Dianji. Boiling its root allows one to wash silk fabrics, making them white as linen, belonging to the same category. Now, the Yue people call it Huancǎo, which is superior to using ash for washing. This is not true Tiandong, but merely similar. Note: This description confuses Tongjun's account. What people collect now are those with thorns, originally named Dianle, which are roughly similar. Using this to wash clothes makes them clean, eliminating the need for Tiandong. Perhaps Tiandong is a distinct species, or is it Huancǎo? There is also Baibu, whose roots are similar, but the seedlings differ.
Su Gong said: There are two types: one type has thorny and rough seedlings, the other has smooth and thornless seedlings; both are Tiandong. Those commonly called Dianji and Huancǎo refer to their appearance. Although there are several names, they ultimately refer to one thing. Both roots can clean dirt. Tiandong and Huancǎo are mutually named names. , pronounced "ming", refers to looking at it.
Su Song said: It grows everywhere. Vines sprout in spring, thick as hairpins, growing over a zhang high. Leaves resemble fennel, extremely sharp, fine, sparse, and smooth, with reverse thorns; some are rough and thornless, with leaves like silk fir, fine and scattered, all named Tiandong. Small white flowers bloom in summer, some yellow and purple. Black seeds form in autumn near the root branches. After entering the Dog Days, no flowers appear, but seeds form secretly. Roots are white or yellow-purple, finger-thick, round, solid, and two to three cun long; larger ones are better. A cluster contains ten to twenty roots, resembling Baibu roots. Those from Luocheng have large leaves and coarse stems, completely dissimilar. Those from Lingnan have no flowers, otherwise no difference.
Meng Xiao said: *Baopuzi* states: Growing on high ground, with short roots, sweet taste, and fragrant aroma is the best grade; growing by water in lowlands, with fine leaves resembling Yun and slightly yellow, long roots, bitter taste, and foul odor is the second grade. If used for ingestion, it promotes downward movement of Qi, but benefits are slow. One can steam and boil it in the mountains and eat it to stop eating grain. Or make it into powder, take juice to brew wine, and take the powder; this is excellent.
Li Shizhen said: When seedlings grow, it can also be planted by irrigating the soil. Seeds can also be planted, but they mature late.
Root
【Processing】 Tao Hongjing said: After collecting Tiandong, steam it, peel off the skin, and eat it. It is very sweet and delicious, stopping hunger. Even when dried, it remains oily and hard to grind; it must be sun-dried or baked by fire. People now call its seedlings Jici, boiling them as a drink suitable for humans, but it is not true Jici.
Su Song said: Collect roots in February, March, July, and August. Steam, peel, split into four parts, remove the heart, and dry for use.
Kou Zongshi said: After collecting, remove skin and heart. Steam in a willow wood steamer with willow wood fuel for a Fushi period (approx. 12 hours). Sprinkle wine evenly, then steam again with added fire. Place on a small架 2 chi above the ground, spread out, and dry for use.
【Flavor and Properties】 Bitter, neutral, non-toxic. *Bielu* states: Sweet, great cold.
Li Gao said: Cold in nature, slightly bitter and pungent in flavor. Thin Qi, strong Flavor, Yin within Yang. Enters the Qi aspect of the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian and Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian.
Xu Zhicai said: Yuan Yi, Rehmanniae Radix (Dihuang), and Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu) act as guides. Feels adverse to Cingenti Fructus (Zengqing).
Sun Simiao said: When taking Tiandong, avoid carp. If poisoned by mistake, antidote with floating duckweed juice. Crushed juice can moderate Realgar (Xionghuang) and Cinnabar (Zhusha).
【Indications】 Various sudden wind-dampness hemiplegic bi-syndrome, strengthens bone marrow, kills three parasites, removes Fu Shi (hidden pathogenic factors). Long-term consumption lightens the body, benefits Qi, prolongs life, and suppresses hunger (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Secures Lung Qi, eliminates cold and heat, nourishes skin and flesh, promotes urination, cold in nature yet capable of tonification (*Bielu*). Treats Lung Qi rebellious cough,急促 wheezing, Lung萎 abscess with pus expectoration, clears heat, unblocks Kidney Qi, stops Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst), removes wind-heat stroke, treats damp scabies, suitable for long-term use. Boiled and eaten, it makes the body smooth, glossy, and white, removing all evil qi and unclean diseases from the body (Zhen Quan). Calms the Heart, moistens the Five Viscera, tonifies Wu Lao and Qi Shang (five exhaustions and seven injuries), treats hematemesis, treats cough and resolves phlegm, removes wind-heat and restlessness (Meng Xi). Mainly treats Heart disease, throat dryness and Heart pain, thirst with desire to drink, Wei Jue (flaccidity and weakness) with drowsiness, heat and pain under the feet (Li Gao). Moistens dryness, nourishes Yin, clears Metal and descends Fire (Li Shizhen). For impotence, suitable for regular use (Sun Simiao).
【Elucidation】 Zhen Quan said: Tiandong is cold yet capable of tonification. For patients with deficiency and heat, it should be added. Used with Rehmanniae Radix (Dihuang), it delays aging and prevents graying of hair.
Chen Cheng said: Its efficacy in treating Lung heat is prominent. Its bitter flavor specializes in draining rather than astringing; those with excessive cold should avoid it.
Zhang Yuansu said: Bitter drains stagnant blood, sweet assists Original Qi, and it treats reckless bleeding; these are the efficacies of Tiandong. Securing Lung Qi, treating Blood Heat invading the Lung, upper asthma and急促 breathing, add Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) and Astragali Radix (Huangqi) as main ingredients for miraculous effect.
Wang Jiamo said: Tiandong and Maidong both enter the Hand Taiyin Meridian, dispelling vexation, relieving thirst, stopping cough, and resolving phlegm. Maidong additionally traverses the Hand Shaoyin Meridian, clearing Heart heat and descending Fire, preventing the Lung from being invaded by pathogens, thus stopping cough immediately. Tiandong additionally traverses the Foot Shaoyin Meridian, nourishing the Kidney and assisting Yuan Qi, preserving the Mother Qi, thus having special merit in resolving phlegm. The Kidney governs Body Fluids; dryness causes condensation into phlegm, which transforms upon receiving moistening agents. This is the root of treating phlegm.
Li Gao said: Enters the Hand Taiyin and Foot Shaoyin Meridians. When Ying and Wei are withered and dry, moistening agents should be used. Tiandong, Maidong, Renshen, Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi), and Lycii Fructus (Gouqizi) together form the Shengmai Powder. This reflects the principle of focusing on the Cun position for the Upper Jiao.
Zhao Jizong said: Although these five herbs form the Shengmai Powder, Rehmanniae Radix (Di Huang) and Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu) are guides for Tiandong; Di Huang and Plantaginis Seed (Cheqianzi) are guides for Maidong; Poria (Fuling) is a guide for Renshen. If there is a Sovereign herb without Ministers, it acts alone without efficacy. Thus, in Zhang Sanfeng's and Minister Hu's longevity formula, Tiandong (3 jin) and Di Huang (1 jin) are used, ensuring there is both Sovereign and Minister.
Meng Xiao said: *Baopuzi* states: One can steam and boil Tiandong in the mountains and eat it to stop eating grain. If capable, ingest it, or take as powder/wine, or crush juice for liquid/paste. After 100 days, strength doubles, surpassing Atractylodis Rhizoma (Zhu) and Polygonati Rhizoma (Huangjing). After 200 days, tendons and marrow strengthen, complexion stays youthful. Taking it with refined Pine Resin and honey pills is especially good. Du Ziwei took it, had a household at age 80, lived to 140, walking 300 li daily.
Shen Wei said: *Lie Xian Zhuan* states: Chixu Zi ate Tiandong, lost teeth grew back, fine hair reappeared. Gan Shi from Taiyuan took Tiandong, lived over 300 years in the human realm. *Shenghua Jing* states: Mix Tiandong and Poria in equal parts, powder, take one Fangcun Bi daily. Then one fears no cold, sweating in single clothes even in severe cold.
Li Shizhen said: Tiandong clears Metal and descends Fire, benefits the upper source of Water, thus able to descend and unblock Kidney Qi. In tonifying formulas, combined with other herbs, it is effective. However, for those with Spleen and Stomach deficiency-cold, long-term single use will cause loose bowels, becoming a chronic disease. This is because its nature is cold and moist, promoting bowel movement.
【Attached Prescriptions】 Three old, fifteen new.
Powder. Take one Fangcun Bi per dose, three times a day. Whether in mountains or cities, long-term use tonifies Middle and benefits Qi, treats deficiency labor and severe trauma, elderly decline, hemiplegia, wind-damp numbness, cold bi and malignant sores, carbuncles, and leprosy. For those with destroyed nasal bridge,服用 causes skin shedding and worms exiting. Brewed in wine, it removes masses and accumulations, wind-phlegm mania, three parasites and Fu Shi, removes damp-bi, lightens body and benefits Qi.
It is fragrant and beautiful, surpassing other wines. Avoid carp.
Take one Fangcun Bi per dose. Named Immortal Grain.
To stop grain-eating and prevent hunger: Tiandong 2 jin, Prepared Rehmanniae Radix (Shu Dihuang) 1 jin, powder, refine honey into pills the size of pellets. Dissolve three pills in warm wine per dose, three times a day. Good for mountain living and long travel, stopping grain-eating. After 10 days, body feels light and eyes bright; after 20 days, hundred diseases heal, complexion like flowers; after 30 days, white hair turns black, lost teeth regrow; after 50 days, speed matches galloping horses; after 100 days, prolongs life. Another method: Crush Tiandong for juice, simmer gently to obtain 5 dou, add 1 dou white honey, 2 sheng roasted Sesame Seed (Huma) powder, simmer until pillable, then stop fire. Add Soybean Husk Powder (Dadouhuangmo), mix into cakes 3 cun diameter, half cun thick. One cake per dose, three times a day, beneficial after 100 days. Another method: Tiandong powder 1 sheng, Pine Resin powder 1 sheng, wax and honey 1 sheng, simmer together, pill like wu zi. Take 30 pills morning, noon, and evening. Tiandong Wine, tonifies Five Viscera, regulates Six Fu, prevents illness: Tiandong 30 jin, remove heart, crush, boil in 2 dan water to obtain 1 dan juice, 1 dou glutinous rice, 10 jin fine yeast, brew normally. Drink three cups daily when ready. Tiandong Paste, removes masses and wind-phlegm, tonifies Lung, treats cough and hemoptysis, moistens Five Viscera, kills three parasites and Fu Shi, removes plague, lightens body and benefits Qi, prevents hunger: Soak Tiandong in running water, remove skin and heart, crush for juice. Boil in clay pot over medium-low charcoal fire, do not boil vigorously. Based on 10 jin raw material, reduce to 3 jin, then add 4 liang honey, boil until drops do not disperse. Store in bottle buried in earth for 7 days to remove fire toxicity. Take one spoon with plain water morning and evening. If it causes loose stools, take with wine. (*Yifang Jiangyao*)
Lung萎 cough with saliva foam, warm sensation in chest, dry throat without thirst: Fresh Tiandong (crushed juice) 1 dou, wine 1 dou, malt syrup 1 sheng, Asteris Radix (Ziwan) 4 he. Decoct in copper vessel until pillable. Take one pill the size of an apricot kernel per dose, three times a day. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Yin deficiency with fire hyperactivity and phlegm, unsuitable for drying agents: Tiandong 1 jin (soaked in water, washed, remove heart, take 12 liang flesh, crush in stone mortar), Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi) (washed, remove core, take 4 liang flesh, sun-dry, avoid fire). Crush together into pills the size of wu zi. Take 20 pills with tea, three times a day. (*Jianbian Fang*)
[Wine preparation omitted in source text fragment] ... Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) 1 liang powder, steamed jujube flesh mixed, pill size wu zi. Take 30 pills before meals with warm wine, three times a day. (Jiegu *Huofa Jiyao*)
Deficiency labor with body pain: Tiandong powder, take one Fangcun Bi with wine, three times a day. Avoid carp. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Tiandong remove skin and heart, boil and eat. Or dry to powder, honey pills, especially good. Can also wash face. (Meng Xiao *Shiliao*)
Night sweats, dry mouth with desire to drink, asthma: Tiandong 10 liang, Maidong 8 liang (both remove heart, powder). Use fresh Rehmanniae Radix (Sheng Dihuang) 3 jin, extract juice, reduce to paste, mix and pill size wu zi. Take 50 pills, decoct Xiaoyao San minus Licorice Root (Gancao) as soup to swallow. (*Huofa Jiyao*)
Tinnitus like cicadas, pulling pain in costal region: Tiandong remove heart and skin, dry and crush to powder. Take one Fangcun Bi with wine, three times a day, long-term use is good. (*Waitai Miyao*)
Dark face made white: Tiandong dried, mixed with honey, crushed into pills. Use daily to wash face. (*Shengji Zonglu*)
Tiandong, Maidong (both remove heart), Scutellariae Radix (Xuan Shen) in equal parts. Powder, refine honey into pellet-sized pills. Hold one pill in mouth. This is a prescription passed down from monks' quarters. (Qi Dezhi *Waike Jingyi*)
If ineffective, take again and surely heal. This is an ancestral experience prescription. (Yu Tuan *Yixue Zhengzhuan*)