（《本经》中品）
【释名】白菀（《别录》）、织女菀
时珍曰∶其根似女体柔婉，故名。
【集解】《别录》曰∶女宛生汉中山谷或山阳。正月、二月采，阴干。
弘景曰∶比来医方无复用之。复有白菀似紫菀，恐非此也。
恭曰∶白菀即女菀，有名未用重出一条，故陶说疑之。功与紫菀相似。
宗 曰∶女宛即白菀，非二物也。《唐修本草》删去白菀，甚合宜。
时珍曰∶白菀，即紫菀之色白者也。雷 言∶紫菀白如练色者，名羊须草，恐即此物也。
根
【气味】辛，温，无毒。之才曰∶畏卤碱。
【主治】风寒洗洗，霍乱泄痢，肠鸣上下无常处，惊痫寒热百疾（《本经》）。疗肺伤咳
逆出汗，久寒在膀胱支满，饮酒夜食发病
【发明】时珍曰∶按∶葛洪《肘后方》载∶治人面黑令白方∶用真女菀
为末。醋浆服一刀圭，日三服。十日大便黑；十八日如漆；二十一日全白便止，过此太白矣。
年三十后不可服。忌五辛。孙思邈《千金方》用酒服，男十日，女二十日，黑色皆从大便出
也。又《名医录》云∶宋兴国时，有女任氏色美，聘进士王公辅，不遂意，郁久面色渐黑。
母家求医。一道人用女真散，酒下二钱，一日二服。数日面貌微白，一月如故。恳求其
方，则用黄丹、女菀二物等分尔。据此，则葛氏之方，已试有验者矣。然则紫菀治手太阴血
分，白菀手太阴气分药也。肺热则面紫黑，肺清则面白。三十岁以后则肺气渐减，不可复泄
，故云不可服之也。
（收录于《神农本草经》中品）
【释名】白菀（出自《名医别录》）、织女菀
李时珍说：它的根部形态像女性身体一样柔美婉转，因此得名。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：女宛生长在汉中山谷或山阳地区。正月、二月采收，阴干。
陶弘景说：近来医方中不再使用它。另外有一种白菀看起来像紫菀，恐怕不是这种药。
苏恭说：白菀就是女菀，因为同名未用而重复列出条目，所以陶弘景对此产生怀疑。其功效与紫菀相似。
陈藏器说：女宛即白菀，并非两种药物。《唐修本草》删去了白菀，非常恰当。
李时珍说：白菀，就是颜色发白的紫菀。雷斅曾说：紫菀中白色如练色的，名叫羊须草，恐怕就是这种植物。
根
【气味】辛味，温性，无毒。徐之才说：畏惧卤碱。
【主治】风寒引起的战栗感，霍乱导致的泄泻和痢疾，肠鸣且疼痛位置不固定，惊痫及寒热等各种疾病（出自《神农本草经》）。治疗肺损伤引起的咳嗽气逆、出汗，膀胱内有久寒导致的气胀满闷，以及饮酒后夜间进食引发的病症。
【发明】李时珍说：查阅葛洪的《肘后备急方》记载：治疗人脸变黑的方子：用真品女菀研成粉末。用醋浆送服一刀圭的量，每天服用三次。十天后大便变黑；十八天后脸色如漆般黑；二十一天后完全变白就停止服药，超过这个时间脸色会太白。三十岁以后不可服用。忌食五辛。孙思邈的《千金方》用酒送服，男性十天，女性二十天，黑色都会从大便排出。又据《名医录》记载：宋朝兴国年间，有一位姓任的女子容貌美丽，许配给进士王公辅，但婚姻不如意，郁结日久导致面色逐渐变黑。娘家求医。一位道人用女真散，用酒送服二钱，每天两次。几天后面容微微变白，一个月后恢复原状。恳求得到药方，原来是黄丹和女菀两味药等分配制而成。据此看来，葛洪的方子已经是经过验证有效的了。那么紫菀是治疗手太阴肺经血分的药物，白菀则是手太阴肺经气分的药物。肺热则面色紫黑，肺气清肃则面色白。三十岁以后肺气逐渐减弱，不能再过度宣泄，所以说不可服用。
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Names] Baiwan (*Bie Lu*), Zhinvwan
Li Shizhen stated: Its root resembles the soft and graceful form of a female body, hence the name.
[Collection and Explanation] *Bie Lu* records: Nüwan grows in the valleys of Hanzhong or in Shanyang. It is harvested in the first and second lunar months and dried in the shade.
Tao Hongjing stated: In recent times, medical prescriptions rarely use it. Furthermore, there is a "White Wan" that resembles Ziwuan, which is likely not this herb.
Su Gong stated: Baiwan is indeed Nüwan; because they share names but were listed separately due to lack of usage, Tao's doubt arose. Its efficacy is similar to that of Ziwuan (Asteris Radix et Rhizoma).
Chen Cangqi stated: Nüwan is Baiwan, not two different substances. The deletion of Baiwan in *Tang Xiu Bencao* was very appropriate.
Li Shizhen stated: Baiwan refers to the white-colored variety of Ziwuan. Lei Xiao mentioned: The variety of Ziwuan that is white like silk fabric is named Yangxucao, which is likely this substance.
Root
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, Warm, Non-toxic. Xu Zhicai stated: It fears Halogen Alkali (Lu Jian).
[Indications] Wind-cold causing shivering, cholera with diarrhea and dysentery, borborygmus with pain moving unpredictably, convulsions, epilepsy, cold-heat alternating syndromes, and various diseases (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats lung injury causing cough and counterflow qi with sweating, chronic cold in the bladder leading to distension and fullness, and ailments triggered by drinking alcohol and eating at night.
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: According to Ge Hong's *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*, there is a prescription for treating dark facial complexion to make it white: Use genuine Nüwan, grind into powder. Take one Dao Gui dose mixed with vinegar slurry, three times daily. After ten days, stool turns black; after eighteen days, the face becomes dark as lacquer; after twenty-one days, it becomes completely white, then stop taking it, otherwise it will become too pale. Those over thirty years old should not take it. Avoid the Five Pungent Spices. Sun Simiao's *Qianjin Fang* uses wine for administration: men take it for ten days, women for twenty days, and the darkness is expelled through the stool. Additionally, *Mingyi Lu* records: During the Xingguo era of the Song Dynasty, a woman surnamed Ren was beautiful but her marriage to Jinshi Wang Gongfu was unsatisfactory. Due to long-term depression, her complexion gradually turned black. Her natal family sought medical help. A Daoist priest prescribed Nüzhen San, taken with wine, two Qian per dose, twice daily. After several days, her face became slightly whiter, and after a month, she returned to normal. When asked for the formula, it consisted of equal parts Huangdan (Lead Carbonate) and Nüwan. Based on this, Ge's prescription has been proven effective. Thus, Ziwuan treats the Blood aspect of the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian, while Baiwan treats the Qi aspect of the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. Lung heat causes a purplish-black complexion, while clear Lung Qi results in a white complexion. After age thirty, Lung Qi gradually declines, so excessive draining is contraindicated, hence the statement that it should not be taken.