（《本经》中品）
【释名】青菀（《别录》）、紫茜
时珍曰∶其根色紫而柔宛，故名许慎《说文》作茈菀。《斗门方》谓之返魂草。
【集解】《别录》曰∶紫菀生汉中、房陵山谷及真定、邯郸。二月、三月采根，阴干。
弘景曰∶近道处处有之。其生布地，花紫色，本有白毛，根甚柔细。有白者名白菀，不
复用。
大明曰∶形似重台，根作节，紫色润软者佳。
颂曰∶今耀、成、泗、寿、台、孟诸州、兴国军皆有之。三月内布地生苗，其叶二、四
相连。五月、六月内开黄
恭曰∶白菀，即女菀也。疗体与紫菀相同，无紫菀时亦用之。
颖曰∶紫菀连根叶采之，醋浸，入少盐收藏，作菜辛香，号名仙菜。盐不宜多，多则腐
也。
时珍曰∶按陈自明云∶紫菀以牢山所出根如北细辛者为良，沂兖以东皆有之。今人多
车前、旋复根赤土染过伪之。紫菀肺病要药，肺本自亡津液，又服走津液药，为害滋甚，
可不慎。
根
【修治】 曰∶凡使，先去须。有白如练色者，号曰羊须草，自然不同。去头及土，用
东流水洗净，以蜜浸一宿，至明于火上焙干用。一两用蜜二分。
【气味】苦，温，无毒。《别录》曰∶辛。权曰∶苦，平。
之才曰∶款冬为之使。恶天雄、瞿麦、 本、雷丸、远志，畏茵陈。
【主治】咳逆上气，胸中寒热结气，去蛊毒痿蹶，安五脏（《本经》）。
喘悸，五劳体虚，补不足，小儿惊痫（《别录》）。治尸疰，补虚下气，劳气
虚热，百邪鬼魅（甄权）。调中，消痰止渴，润肌肤，添骨髓（大明）。益肺气，生息贲（好
古）。
【附方】旧三，新四。
肺伤咳嗽∶紫菀五钱，水一盏，煎七分，温服，日三次。（《卫生易简方》）
久嗽不瘥∶紫菀、款冬花各一两，百部半两，捣罗为末。每服三钱，姜三片，乌梅一个，
煎汤调下，日二，甚佳。（《图经本草》）小儿咳嗽，声不出者∶紫菀末、杏仁等分，入蜜同
研，丸芡子大。每服一丸，五味子汤化下。（《全幼心鉴》）
吐血咳嗽，吐血后咳者∶紫菀、五味（炒）为末，蜜丸芡子大，每含化一丸。（《指南方》）
产后下血∶紫菀末，水服五撮。（《圣惠方》）
缠喉风痹，不通欲死者∶用返魂草根一茎，洗净纳入喉中，待取恶涎出即瘥，神效。更
以马牙硝津咽之，即绝根本。一名紫菀，南人呼为夜牵牛。（《斗门方》）妇人小便，卒不得
出者∶紫菀为末，井华水服三撮，即通。小便血者，服五撮立止。（《
（收录于《神农本草经》中品）
【释名】青菀（出自《名医别录》）、紫茜。
李时珍说：它的根部颜色呈紫色且质地柔韧，因此得名。许慎在《说文解字》中写作“茈菀”。《斗门方》称它为返魂草。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：紫菀生长在汉中、房陵的山谷以及真定、邯郸等地。二月、三月采集根部，阴干备用。
陶弘景说：附近道路两旁到处都有生长。它贴地生长，花朵呈紫色，茎基部有白色绒毛，根部非常柔软纤细。其中有白色的称为白菀，不再使用。
孟诜说：形状像重台花，根部呈节状，颜色紫润柔软的为佳。
苏颂说：如今耀州、成州、泗州、寿州、台州、孟州等州以及兴国军都有出产。三月内在地面生出苗叶，叶子两到四片相连。五月、六月开出黄色……
寇宗奭说：白菀就是女菀。其治疗功效与紫菀相同，在没有紫菀的时候也可以用它代替。
庞安时说：紫菀连根带叶一起采集，用醋浸泡，加入少量盐保存，做成菜肴辛辣芳香，号称仙菜。盐不宜多放，多了就会腐烂。
李时珍说：根据陈自明的说法：紫菀以牢山所产、根部像北方细辛的为优良品种，沂州、兖州以东地区都有出产。现在很多人用车前草和旋覆花的根部染上赤土来伪造紫菀。紫菀是治疗肺病的重要药物，肺脏本身容易津液亏损，如果又服用耗伤津液的药物，危害更加严重，怎能不谨慎呢？
【修治】雷敩说：凡使用紫菀，先要去掉须根。如果有白色如绢帛颜色的，叫做羊须草，性质自然不同。去掉头部和泥土，用东流水洗净，用蜂蜜浸泡一夜，第二天早上在火上焙干后使用。一两紫菀用二分蜂蜜。
【气味】味苦，性温，无毒。《名医别录》记载：味辛。王好古说：味苦，性平。
徐之才说：款冬花是它的引经药（使药）。忌与天雄、瞿麦、藁本、雷丸、远志同用，畏茵陈。
【主治】咳嗽气逆，胸中寒热结聚之气，去除蛊毒、痿证厥逆，安定五脏（出自《神农本草经》）。
气喘心悸，五劳体虚，补益不足，小儿惊风癫痫（出自《名医别录》）。治疗尸疰，补虚降气，劳倦气虚发热，百邪鬼魅（甄权所述）。调理中焦，消痰止渴，滋润肌肤，填补骨髓（孟诜所述）。补益肺气，生息贲（好古所述）。
【附方】旧方三首，新方四首。
肺伤咳嗽：紫菀五钱，水一盏，煎至七分，温服，每日三次。（出自《卫生易简方》）
久咳不愈：紫菀、款冬花各一两，百部半两，捣碎过筛为末。每次服用三钱，加生姜三片、乌梅一个，煎汤调服，每日两次，效果很好。（出自《图经本草》）
小儿咳嗽，声音发不出：紫菀末、杏仁等分，加入蜂蜜共同研磨，制成芡子大小的丸剂。每次含化一丸，用五味子汤送下。（出自《全幼心鉴》）
吐血咳嗽，吐血后咳嗽的：紫菀、五味子（炒）研为末，蜜丸如芡子大，每次含化一丸。（出自《指南方》）
产后下血：紫菀末，用水送服五撮。（出自《圣惠方》）
缠喉风痹，咽喉不通快要死去的：用返魂草根一根，洗净纳入喉中，等待吐出恶涎后即痊愈，神效。再用马牙硝含化咽下，即可断绝病根。一名紫菀，南方人称之为夜牵牛。（出自《斗门方》）妇人小便突然排不出来的：紫菀研为末，用井华水送服三撮，即通。小便带血的，服用五撮立即止血。（出自……
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Qingwan (from *Mingyi Bielu*), Zi Qian.
Li Shizhen stated: Its root is purple in color and flexible, hence the name. Xu Shen wrote it as "Ci Wan" in *Shuowen Jiezi*. *Doumen Fang* refers to it as Fanshun Cao (Resurrection Herb).
**[Collection and Explanation]** *Mingyi Bielu* records: Ziwuan grows in the valleys of Hanzhong, Fangling, as well as Zhending and Handan. The roots are harvested in February and March and dried in the shade.
Tao Hongjing stated: It is found everywhere along nearby roads. It grows spreading over the ground, has purple flowers, white hairs at the base of the stem, and very soft and fine roots. Those that are white are called Bai Wan and are no longer used.
Meng Shen stated: It resembles Chongtai Hua (double-tiered flower), with jointed roots; those that are purple, moist, and soft are superior.
Su Song stated: Currently, it is produced in Yaozhou, Chengzhou, Sizhou, Shouzhou, Taizhou, Mengzhou, and Xingguo Jun. In March, seedlings emerge on the ground, with leaves appearing in pairs or quaternations. In May and June, yellow... [text cuts off]
Kou Zongshi stated: Bai Wan is the same as Nü Wan. Its therapeutic properties are identical to Ziwuan; it can be used when Ziwuan is unavailable.
Pang Anshi stated: Ziwuan is harvested with roots and leaves, soaked in vinegar, preserved with a little salt, and cooked as a vegetable with a pungent aroma, known as Xian Cai (Immortal Vegetable). Salt should not be excessive, otherwise it will rot.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Chen Ziming: Ziwuan from Laoshan, with roots resembling Bei Xixin (Northern Asarum), is of good quality; it is also available east of Yizhou and Yanzhou. Nowadays, many people fake Ziwuan by dyeing the roots of Cheqian Cao (Plantain Root) and Xuanfu Gen (Inula Root) with red earth. Ziwuan is an essential herb for treating lung diseases. Since the Lung naturally tends to lose body fluids, administering herbs that further deplete fluids causes severe harm; one must be cautious.
**[Processing]** Lei Xiao stated: When using it, first remove the fibrous roots. If there are white ones like silk, they are called Yangxu Cao (Sheep Beard Grass), which have different properties. Remove the head and soil, wash clean with flowing water from the east, soak in honey overnight, and dry on fire the next morning for use. For one liang of Ziwuan, use two fen of honey.
**[Flavor and Nature]** Bitter, warm, non-toxic. *Mingyi Bielu* records: Pungent. Wang Haogu stated: Bitter, neutral.
Xu Zhicai stated: Kuan Dong Hua (Winter Flower) acts as its guiding herb (Shi). It is incompatible with Tianxiong, Qumai, Gaoben, Leiwan, and Yuanzhi; it fears Yinchen.
**[Indications]** Cough with rebellious Qi, accumulation of cold-heat Qi in the chest, removal of Gu Du (parasitic toxins), Wei Jue (flaccidity and cold extremities), and calming the Five Zang Organs (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Wheezing and palpitations, Wu Lao (Five Exhaustions) and physical deficiency, tonifying insufficiency, pediatric epilepsy and fright (*Mingyi Bielu*). Treating Shizhu (consumptive disease), tonifying deficiency and descending Qi, labor-induced Qi deficiency and deficient heat, and various evil spirits/ghosts (Zhen Quan). Regulating the Middle Jiao, resolving phlegm, relieving thirst, moistening skin and muscles, and replenishing marrow and bone (Meng Shen). Benefiting Lung Qi, generating Xi Ben (likely referring to respiratory function or specific tissue nourishment) (Hao Gu).
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Three old prescriptions, four new prescriptions.
Lung injury with cough: Ziwuan 5 qian, one cup of water, decocted to 70%, taken warm three times a day. (*Weisheng Yijian Fang*)
Chronic cough unrelieved: Ziwuan and Kuan Donghua each 1 liang, Baibu 0.5 liang, pounded and sifted into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, mixed with ginger slices (3 pieces) and a Chinese plum (1), decocted in water and taken twice daily; highly effective. (*Tujing Bencao*)
Pediatric cough with inability to produce sound: Equal parts Ziwuan powder and Xingren, ground together with honey, formed into pills the size of a frog egg. Take one pill per dose, dissolved in Wuzi (Schisandra) decoction. (*Quanyou Xinjian*)
Hematemesis with cough, or cough after hematemesis: Ziwuan and fried Wuzi pounded into powder, honey-pilled to the size of a frog egg. Contain and dissolve one pill per time. (*Zhinan Fang*)
Postpartum lower bleeding: Ziwuan powder, taken with water, five tuo per dose. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Chan Hou Feng Bi (Strangling Throat Wind obstruction), where breathing is blocked and death seems imminent: Use one stalk of Fanshun Cao root, wash clean, insert into the throat, wait for foul saliva to be expelled, then recovery occurs; miraculous effect. Additionally, swallow Ma Yan Xiao (Mirabilite) with saliva to eradicate the root cause. Also named Ziwuan; southerners call it Ye Qian Niu (Night Morning Glory). (*Doumen Fang*) Sudden urinary retention in women: Ziwuan powder, taken with well-water (first drawn water), three tuo per dose, urination resumes immediately. For blood in urine, take five tuo to stop bleeding immediately. (*[Text cuts off]*