（《拾遗》）
【释名】 （音历）、泽蒜。
【集解】颂曰∶江南一种山蒜，似大蒜而臭。
藏器曰∶泽蒜根如小蒜，叶如韭。又生石间者名石蒜，与蒜无异。
时珍曰∶山蒜、泽蒜、石蒜，同一物也，但分生于山、泽、石间不同耳。人间栽莳小蒜，
始自三种移成，故犹有泽蒜之称。《尔雅》云∶ ，山蒜也。今京口有蒜山，产蒜是也。
处处有之，不独江南。又吕忱《字林》云∶ ，水中蒜也。则蒜不但产于山，而又产于
水也。别有山慈菇、水仙花、老鸦蒜、石蒜之类，根叶皆似蒜而不可食，其花亦异。并见草
部下。
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】山蒜∶治积块，及妇人血瘕，用苦醋磨服多效（苏颂）。泽蒜、石蒜∶并温补
下气，滑水源（藏器）。
（《别录》下品）
【释名】大蒜（弘景）、荤菜。
弘景曰∶今人谓葫为大蒜，蒜为小蒜，以其气类相似也。
时珍曰∶按∶孙 《唐韵》云∶张骞使西域，始得大蒜、胡荽。则小蒜乃中土旧有，而
大蒜出胡地，故有胡名。二蒜皆属五荤，故通可称荤。详见蒜下。
【集解】《别录》曰∶葫，大蒜也。五月五日采，独子者入药尤佳。
保升曰∶葫出梁州者，大径二寸，最美少辛；泾阳者，皮赤甚辣。
颂曰∶今处处园圃种之。每颗六、七瓣，初种一瓣，当年便成独子葫，至明年则复其本
矣。其花中有实，亦作葫瓣状而极小，亦可种之。
时珍曰∶大、小二蒜皆八月种。春食苗，夏初食苔，五月食根，秋月收种。北人不可一
日无者也。
【气味】辛，温，有毒。久食损人目。弘景曰∶性最熏臭，不可食。俗人作齑以啖 肉，
损
性伐命，莫此之甚。惟可生食，不中煮也。恭曰∶此物煮羹 为馔中之俊，而陶云不中煮，
当是未经试耳。
藏器曰∶初食不利目，多食却明。久食令人血清，使毛发白。
时珍曰∶久食伤肝损眼。故嵇康《养生论》云∶荤辛害目，此为甚耳。今北人嗜蒜宿炕
，故盲瞽最多。陈氏乃云多食明目，与《别录》相左，何耶？
震亨曰∶大蒜属火，性热喜散，快膈，善化肉，暑月人多食之。伤气之祸，积久自见，
养生者忌之。化肉之功，不足论也。
瑞曰∶多食伤肺、伤脾、伤肝胆，生痰助火昏神。
思邈曰∶四月、八月食葫，伤神，令人喘悸，胁肋气急，口味多爽。多食生葫行房，
伤肝气，令人面无色。生葫合青鱼 食，令人腹内生疮，肠中肿，又成疝瘕，发黄疾。合蜜
食，杀人。凡服一切补药，不可食之。
【主治】归五脏，散痈肿 疮，除风邪，杀毒瓦斯（《别录》）。
下气，消谷，化肉（苏恭）。去水恶瘴气，除风湿，破冷气，烂 癖，伏邪恶，宣通温
补，
疗疮癣，杀鬼去痛（藏器）。健脾胃，治肾气，止霍乱转筋腹痛，除邪祟，解温疫，去盅毒，
疗劳疟冷风，敷风损冷痛，恶疮、蛇虫、溪毒、沙虱，并捣贴之。熟醋浸，经年者良（《日
华》）。温水捣烂服，治中暑不醒。捣贴足心，止鼻衄不止。和豆豉丸服，治暴下血，通水
道（宗 ）。捣汁饮，治吐血心痛。煮汁饮，治角弓反张。同鲫鱼丸，治膈气。同蛤粉丸，
治
水肿。同黄丹丸，治痢疟、孕痢。同乳香丸，治腹痛。捣膏敷脐，能达下焦，消水，利大小
便。贴足心，能引热下行，治泄泻暴痢及干湿霍乱，止衄血。纳肛中，能通幽门，治关格不
通（时珍）。
【发明】宗 曰∶葫气极荤，置臭肉中反能掩臭。凡中暑毒人，烂嚼三、两瓣，温水送
之，下咽即知，但禁饮冷水。又鼻衄不止者，捣贴足心，衄止即拭去。
时珍曰∶葫蒜入太阴、阳明，其气熏烈，能通五脏，达诸窍，去寒湿，辟邪恶，消痈肿，
化症积肉食，此其功也。故王祯称之云∶味久不变，可以资生，可以致远，化臭腐为神奇，
调鼎俎，代醯酱。携之旅涂，则炎风瘴雨不能加，食 腊毒不能害。夏月食之解暑气。北方
食肉面尤不可无。乃食经之上品，日用之多助者也。盖不知其辛能散气，热能助火，伤肺损
目，昏神伐性之害，荏苒受之而不悟也。尝有一妇，衄血一昼夜不止，诸治不效。时珍令以
蒜敷足心，即时血止，真奇方也。又叶石林《避暑录》话云∶一仆暑月驰马，忽仆地欲绝。
同舍王相教用大蒜及道上热士各一握研烂，以新汲水一盏和取汁，抉齿灌之，少顷即苏。相
传徐州市门，忽有版书此方，咸以为神仙救人云。藏器曰∶昔有患 癖者，梦人教每日食大
蒜三颗。初服遂至瞑眩吐逆，下部如火。后有人教取数片，合皮截却两头吞之，名曰内灸，
果获大效也。
颂曰∶《经》言葫散痈肿。按∶李绛《兵部手集方》云∶毒疮肿毒，号叫卧眠不得，人
不能别者。取独头蒜两颗捣烂，麻油和，浓敷疮上，干即易之。屡用救人，无不神效。卢坦
侍郎肩上疮作，连心痛闷，用此便瘥。又李仆射患脑痈久不瘥，卢与此方亦瘥。又葛洪《肘
后方》云∶凡背肿，取独颗蒜横截一分，安肿头上，炷艾如梧子大，灸蒜百壮，不觉渐消，
多灸为善。勿令大热，若觉痛即擎起蒜。蒜焦更换新者，勿令损皮肉。洪尝苦小腹下患一大
肿，灸之亦瘥。数用灸人，无不应效。又江宁府紫极宫刻石记其事云，但是发背及痈疽恶疮
肿核初起有异，皆可灸之，不计壮数。惟腰痛者灸至不痛，不痛者灸至痛极而止。疣赘之类
灸之，亦便成痂自脱，其效如神。乃知方书无空言者。但人不能以意详审，则不得尽应耳。
时珍曰∶按∶李迅《论蒜钱灸法》云∶治疽之法，着灸胜于用药。缘热毒中鬲，上下不通。
必得毒瓦斯发泄，然后解散。凡初发一日之内，便用大独头蒜切如小钱浓，贴顶上灸之。三壮
一易，大概以百壮为率。一使疮不开大，二使内肉不坏，三疮口易合，一举而三得之。但头
及项以上，切不可用此，恐引气上，更生大祸也。又史源记蒜灸之功云∶母氏背胛作痒，有
赤晕半寸，白粒如黍。灸二七壮，其赤随消。信宿，有赤流下长二寸。举家归咎于灸。外医
用膏护之，日增一晕，二十二日，横斜约六、七寸，痛楚不胜。或言一尼病此，得灸而愈。
予奔问之。尼云∶剧时昏不知人，但闻范奉议坐守灸八百余壮方苏，约艾一筛。予亟归，以
炷如银杏大，灸十数，殊不觉；乃灸四旁赤处，皆痛。每一壮烬则赤随缩入，三十余壮，赤
晕收退。盖灸迟则初发处肉已坏，故不痛，直待灸到好肉方痛也。至夜则火 满背，疮高阜
而热，夜得安寝矣。至晓如覆一瓯，高三、四寸，上有百数小窍，色正黑，调理而安。盖高
阜者，毒外出也。小窍多，毒不聚也。色正黑，皮肉坏也。非艾火出其毒于坏肉之里，则内
逼五脏而危矣。庸医敷贴凉冷消散之说，何可信哉？
【附方】旧十五，新三十二。
背疮灸法∶凡觉背上肿硬疼痛，用湿纸贴寻疮头。用大蒜十颗，淡豉半合，乳香一钱，
细研。随疮头大小，用竹片作圈围定，填药于内，二分浓，着艾灸之。痛灸至痒，痒灸至痛，
以百壮为率。与蒜钱灸法同功。（《外科精要》）
疔肿恶毒∶用门臼灰一撮罗细，以独蒜或新蒜苔染灰擦疮口，候疮自然
出少汁，再擦，少顷即消散也。虽发背痈肿，亦可擦之。
五色丹毒无常色，及发足踝者∶捣蒜浓敷，干即易之。（《肘后方》）。
关格胀满，大小便不通∶独头蒜烧熟去皮，绵裹纳下部，气立通也。
（《外台秘要》）。
干湿霍乱转筋∶用大蒜捣涂足心，立愈。（《永类钤方》）。
水气肿满∶大蒜、田螺、车前子等分。熬膏。摊贴脐中，水从便漩而下，数日即愈。象
山民人患水肿，一卜者传此，用之有效。（仇远《稗史》）。
山岚瘴气∶生、熟大蒜各七片，共食之。少顷腹鸣，或吐血，或大便泄，即愈。（《摄
生众妙方》）
疟疾寒热《肘后》∶用独头蒜炭上烧之，酒服方寸匕。《简便》∶用桃仁半片，放内关穴
上，将独蒜捣烂罨之，缚住（男左女右），即止。邻妪用此治人屡效。
《普济方》∶端午日，取独头蒜煨熟，入矾红等分，捣丸芡子大，每白汤嚼下一丸。
寒疟冷痢∶端午日，以独头蒜十个，黄丹二钱，捣丸梧子大。每服九丸，长流水下，甚
妙。（《普济方》）。
泄泻暴痢∶大蒜捣贴两足心。亦可贴脐中。（《千金方》）。
下痢禁口及小儿泄痢方∶并同上。
肠毒下血∶蒜连丸∶用独蒜煨捣，和黄连末为丸，日日米汤服之。（《济生方》）。
暴下血病∶用葫五、七枚，去皮研膏，入豆豉捣，丸梧子大。每米饮下五、六十丸，无
不愈者。（寇宗 《本草衍义》）。鼻血不止，服药不应∶用蒜一枚，去皮，研如泥，作钱大
饼子，浓一豆许。左鼻血出，贴左足心；右鼻血出，贴右足心；两鼻俱出，俱贴之，立瘥。
（《简要济众方》）。
血逆心痛∶生蒜捣汁，服二升即愈。（《千金》）。
鬼疰腹痛，不可忍者∶独头蒜一枚，香墨如枣大，捣和酱汁一合，顿服。（《永类钤方》）。
心腹冷痛∶法醋浸至二、三年蒜，食至数颗，其效如神。（李时珍《濒
湖集简方》）。
夜啼腹痛面青，冷证也∶用大蒜一枚（煨研，日干），乳香五分，捣丸芥子大。每服七
丸，乳汁下。（危氏《得效方》）。
寒湿气痛∶端午日收独蒜，同辰粉捣，涂之。（唐瑶《经验方》）。
鬼毒风气∶独头蒜一枚，和雄黄、杏仁研为丸，空腹饮下三丸。静坐少时，当下毛出即
安。（孟诜《食疗本草》）。
狗咽气塞，喘息不通，须臾欲绝∶用独头蒜一枚，削去两头，塞鼻中。
左患塞右，右患塞左。候口中脓血出，立效。（《圣济》）。
喉痹肿痛∶大蒜塞耳、鼻中，日二易之。（《肘后方》）。
鱼骨哽咽∶独头蒜塞鼻中，自出。（《十便良方》）。
牙齿疼痛∶独头蒜煨乘热切熨痛处，转易之。亦主虫痛。（《外台秘要》）。
眉毛动摇，目不能交睫，唤之不应，但能饮食∶用蒜三两杵汁，调酒饮，即愈。（夏子
益《奇疾方》）。
脑泻鼻渊∶大蒜切片贴足心，取效止。（《摘玄方》）。
头风苦痛《易简方》∶用大蒜研汁 鼻中。《圣济录》∶用大蒜七个去皮，先烧红地，以
蒜逐个于地上磨成膏子。却以僵蚕一两，去头足，安蒜上，碗覆一夜，勿令透气。只取蚕研
末， 入鼻内，口中含水，甚效。
小儿惊风《总录》∶方同上。
小儿脐风∶独头蒜切片，安脐上，以艾灸之。口中有蒜气，即止。（黎居士《简易方论》）。
小儿气淋∶宋宁宗为郡王时病淋，日夜凡三百起。国医罔措。或举孙琳治之。琳用大蒜、
淡豆豉、蒸饼三物捣丸，令以温水下三十丸。曰∶今日进三服，病当减三之一，明日亦然，
三日病除。已而果然，赐以千缗。或问其说。琳曰∶小儿何缘有淋？只是水道不利，三物皆
能通利故也。（爱竹翁《谈薮》）。
产后中风，角弓反张，不语∶用大蒜三十瓣，以水三升，煮一升，灌之即苏。（张杰《子
母秘录》）。
金疮中风，角弓反张∶取蒜一升去心，无灰酒四升煮极烂，并滓服之。
须臾得汗即瘥。（《外台秘要》）。
妇人阴肿作痒∶蒜汤洗之，效乃止。（《永类钤方》）。
阴汗作痒∶大蒜、淡豉。捣丸梧子大，朱砂为衣，每空腹灯心汤下三十丸。
小便淋沥，或有或无∶用大蒜一个，纸包煨熟，露一夜，空心新水送下。（《朱氏集验
方》）。
小儿白秃团团然∶切蒜日日揩之。（《秘录》）
闭口椒毒，气闭欲绝者∶煮蒜食之。（张仲景方）
射工溪毒∶独头蒜切三分浓，粘贴灸之，令蒜气射入即瘥。（《梅师方
》）。
蜈蝎螫伤∶独头蒜摩之，即止。（《梅师》）
蛇虺螫伤∶孟诜曰∶即时嚼蒜封之，六、七易。仍以蒜一升去皮，以乳二升煮熟，空心
顿服。明日又进。外以去皮蒜一升捣细，小便一升煮三、四沸，浸损处。
《梅师》∶用独头蒜、酸草捣绞敷咬处。
脚肚转筋∶大蒜擦足心令热，即安。仍以冷水食一瓣。（《摄生方》）
食蟹中毒∶干蒜煮汁饮之。（《集验方》）。
蛇瘕面光，发热，如火炙人∶饮蒜汁一碗，吐出如蛇状，即安。（危氏
方）
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】 （音历）、泽蒜。
【集解】苏颂说：江南有一种山蒜，形状像大蒜但气味臭。
藏器说：泽蒜的根像小蒜，叶子像韭菜。另外生长在石头间的叫石蒜，与蒜没有区别。
李时珍说：山蒜、泽蒜、石蒜，是同一类植物，只是分别生长在山间、水泽、石缝中有所不同罢了。民间种植的小蒜，最初是由这三种移栽培育而成的，所以还有“泽蒜”这个称呼。《尔雅》说： ，就是山蒜。现在京口有座蒜山，出产的蒜就是这种。到处都有，不只在江南。另外吕忱《字林》说： ，是水里的蒜。那么蒜不仅产于山上，还产于水中。另有山慈菇、水仙花、老鸦蒜、石蒜等，根叶都像蒜但不能吃，它们的花也不一样。都记载在草部下。
【气味】辛味，温性，无毒。
【主治】山蒜：治疗积块，以及妇女血瘕（腹内结块的病证），用苦醋磨碎服用多有效（苏颂）。泽蒜、石蒜：都能温补下焦、降气，滑利水道（藏器）。
（出自《名医别录》下品）
【释名】大蒜（陶弘景称）、荤菜。
陶弘景说：现在人把葫称为大蒜，把蒜称为小蒜，因为它们气味类别相似。
李时珍说：按：孙愐《唐韵》说：张骞出使西域，才得到大蒜、胡荽。那么小蒜是中国本土原本就有的，而大蒜出自胡地，所以有“胡”的名称。两种蒜都属于五荤，所以都可以通称为荤。详见“蒜”条下。
【集解】《名医别录》说：葫，就是大蒜。五月五日采收，独头的入药效果最好。
保升说：梁州产出的葫，直径两寸，味道最美且辛辣较少；泾阳产出的，皮很红且非常辣。
苏颂说：现在各处园圃都种植它。每颗有六七瓣，初次种植一瓣，当年就长成独头葫，到第二年就恢复成多瓣的本来了。它的花中有果实，也呈葫瓣状但极小，也可以用来种植。
李时珍说：大、小两种蒜都在八月播种。春天吃苗，初夏吃苔，五月吃根，秋天收获种子。北方人一天也不能没有它。
【气味】辛味，温性，有毒。长期食用损害视力。陶弘景说：性质最熏臭，不可食用。俗人把它做成酱来配肉吃，损伤本性、伐害生命，没有比这更严重的了。只适合生吃，不适合煮食。苏恭说：此物煮羹作为饮食中的佳品，而陶弘景说不适合煮，大概是未曾尝试过罢了。
藏器说：初食对眼睛不利，多吃却能明目。长期食用使人血液清稀，使毛发变白。
李时珍说：长期食用伤肝损眼。所以嵇康《养生论》说：荤辛伤害眼睛，这是很严重的。现在北方人喜欢吃蒜睡火炕，所以盲人最多。陈氏却说多吃明目，这与《名医别录》相左，为什么呢？
朱震亨说：大蒜属火，性热喜散，快膈，善于消化肉类，暑月人们多吃它。伤气的祸患，积累久了自然显现，养生者应当忌讳它。化肉的功效，不值得谈论。
瑞曰：多吃伤肺、伤脾、伤肝胆，生痰助火昏神。
孙思邈说：四月、八月吃葫，伤神，令人气喘心悸，胁肋气急，口味多爽。多吃生葫行房事，伤肝气，令人面色无华。生葫合青鱼一起吃，令人在腹内生疮，肠中肿胀，又形成疝瘕，发黄疾。合蜜吃，会杀人。凡服用一切补药，不可吃它。
【主治】归五脏，消散痈肿疮毒，祛除风邪，杀毒瓦斯（《名医别录》）。
降气，消谷，化肉（苏恭）。去除水恶瘴气，祛除风湿，破除冷气，烂癖（积聚），伏邪恶，宣通温补，治疗疮癣，杀鬼去痛（藏器）。健脾胃，治肾气，止霍乱转筋腹痛，除邪祟，解温疫，去盅毒，治疗劳疟冷风，敷风损冷痛，恶疮、蛇虫、溪毒、沙虱，都捣碎贴敷。熟醋浸泡，经年者良（《日华子本草》）。温水捣烂服，治疗中暑不醒。捣贴足心，止鼻衄不止。和豆豉丸服，治疗暴下血，通水道（寇宗奭）。捣汁饮，治疗吐血心痛。煮汁饮，治疗角弓反张。同鲫鱼丸，治疗膈气。同蛤粉丸，治疗水肿。同黄丹丸，治疗痢疟、孕痢。同乳香丸，治疗腹痛。捣膏敷脐，能达下焦，消水，利大小便。贴足心，能引热下行，治疗泄泻暴痢及干湿霍乱，止衄血。纳肛中，能通幽门，治疗关格不通（李时珍）。
【发明】寇宗奭说：葫气极荤，放在臭肉中反而能掩盖臭味。凡是中暑毒的人，烂嚼三、两瓣，温水送之，下咽即知，但禁饮冷水。又有鼻衄不止者，捣贴足心，衄止即拭去。
李时珍说：葫蒜入太阴、阳明经，其气熏烈，能通五脏，达诸窍，去寒湿，辟邪恶，消痈肿，化症积肉食，这是它的功效。所以王祯称赞它说：味道久不变，可以资生，可以致远，化臭腐为神奇，调鼎俎，代醯酱。携带之旅途，则炎风瘴雨不能加，食腊毒不能害。夏月食之解暑气。北方食肉面尤不可无。乃食经之上品，日用之多助者也。盖不知其辛能散气，热能助火，伤肺损目，昏神伐性之害，荏苒受之而不悟也。尝有一妇，衄血一昼夜不止，诸治不效。时珍令以蒜敷足心，即时血止，真奇方也。又叶石林《避暑录》话云：一仆暑月驰马，忽仆地欲绝。同舍王相教用大蒜及道上热土各一握研烂，以新汲水一盏和取汁，抉齿灌之，少顷即苏。相传徐州市门，忽有版书此方，咸以为神仙救人云。藏器说：昔有患癖者，梦人教每日食大蒜三颗。初服遂至瞑眩吐逆，下部如火。后有人教取数片，合皮截却两头吞之，名曰内灸，果获大效也。
苏颂说：《经》言葫散痈肿。按：李绛《兵部手集方》说：毒疮肿毒，号叫卧眠不得，人不能别者。取独头蒜两颗捣烂，麻油和，浓敷疮上，干即易之。屡用救人，无不神效。卢坦侍郎肩上疮作，连心痛闷，用此便瘥。又李仆射患脑痈久不瘥，卢与此方亦瘥。又葛洪《肘后方》说：凡背肿，取独颗蒜横截一分，安肿头上，炷艾如梧子大，灸蒜百壮，不觉渐消，多灸为善。勿令大热，若觉痛即擎起蒜。蒜焦更换新者，勿令损皮肉。洪尝苦小腹下患一大肿，灸之亦瘥。数用灸人，无不应效。又江宁府紫极宫刻石记其事云，但是发背及痈疽恶疮肿核初起有异，皆可灸之，不计壮数。惟腰痛者灸至不痛，不痛者灸至痛极而止。疣赘之类灸之，亦便成痂自脱，其效如神。乃知方书无空言者。但人不能以意详审，则不得尽应耳。
李时珍说：按：李迅《论蒜钱灸法》说：治疽之法，着灸胜于用药。缘热毒中鬲，上下不通。必得毒瓦斯发泄，然后解散。凡初发一日之内，便用大独头蒜切如小钱浓，贴顶上灸之。三壮一易，大概以百壮为率。一使疮不开大，二使内肉不坏，三疮口易合，一举而三得之。但头及项以上，切不可用此，恐引气上，更生大祸也。又史源记蒜灸之功说：母氏背胛作痒，有赤晕半寸，白粒如黍。灸二七壮，其赤随消。信宿，有赤流下长二寸。举家归咎于灸。外医用膏护之，日增一晕，二十二日，横斜约六、七寸，痛楚不胜。或言一尼病此，得灸而愈。予奔问之。尼说：剧时昏不知人，但闻范奉议坐守灸八百余壮方苏，约艾一筛。予亟归，以炷如银杏大，灸十数，殊不觉；乃灸四旁赤处，皆痛。每一壮烬则赤随缩入，三十余壮，赤晕收退。盖灸迟则初发处肉已坏，故不痛，直待灸到好肉方痛也。至夜则火 满背，疮高阜而热，夜得安寝矣。至晓如覆一瓯，高三、四寸，上有百数小窍，色正黑，调理而安。盖高阜者，毒外出也。小窍多，毒不聚也。色正黑，皮肉坏也。非艾火出其毒于坏肉之里，则内逼五脏而危矣。庸医敷贴凉冷消散之说，何可信哉？
【附方】旧十五，新三十二。
背疮灸法：凡觉背上肿硬疼痛，用湿纸贴寻疮头。用大蒜十颗，淡豉半合，乳香一钱，细研。随疮头大小，用竹片作圈围定，填药于内，二分浓，着艾灸之。痛灸至痒，痒灸至痛，以百壮为率。与蒜钱灸法同功。（《外科精要》）
疔肿恶毒：用门臼灰一撮罗细，以独蒜或新蒜苔染灰擦疮口，候疮自然 出少汁，再擦，少顷即消散也。虽发背痈肿，亦可擦之。
五色丹毒无常色，及发足踝者：捣蒜浓敷，干即易之。（《肘后方》）。
关格胀满，大小便不通：独头蒜烧熟去皮，绵裹纳下部，气立通也。（《外台秘要》）。
干湿霍乱转筋：用大蒜捣涂足心，立愈。（《永类钤方》）。
水气肿满：大蒜、田螺、车前子等分。熬膏。摊贴脐中，水从便漩而下，数日即愈。象山民人患水肿，一卜者传此，用之有效。（仇远《稗史》）。
山岚瘴气：生、熟大蒜各七片，共食之。少顷腹鸣，或吐血，或大便泄，即愈。（《摄生众妙方》）
疟疾寒热《肘后》：用独头蒜炭上烧之，酒服方寸匕。《简便》：用桃仁半片，放内关穴上，将独蒜捣烂罨之，缚住（男左女右），即止。邻妪用此治人屡效。
《普济方》：端午日，取独头蒜煨熟，入矾红等分，捣丸芡子大，每白汤嚼下一丸。
寒疟冷痢：端午日，以独头蒜十个，黄丹二钱，捣丸梧子大。每服九丸，长流水下，甚妙。（《普济方》）。
泄泻暴痢：大蒜捣贴两足心。亦可贴脐中。（《千金方》）。
下痢禁口及小儿泄痢方：并同上。
肠毒下血：蒜连丸：用独蒜煨捣，和黄连末为丸，日日米汤服之。（《济生方》）。
暴下血病：用葫五、七枚，去皮研膏，入豆豉捣，丸梧子大。每米饮下五、六十丸，无不愈者。（寇宗奭《本草衍义》）。鼻血不止，服药不应：用蒜一枚，去皮，研如泥，作钱大饼子，浓一豆许。左鼻血出，贴左足心；右鼻血出，贴右足心；两鼻俱出，俱贴之，立瘥。（《简要济众方》）。
血逆心痛：生蒜捣汁，服二升即愈。（《千金》）。
鬼疰腹痛，不可忍者：独头蒜一枚，香墨如枣大，捣和酱汁一合，顿服。（《永类钤方》）。
心腹冷痛：法醋浸至二、三年蒜，食至数颗，其效如神。（李时珍《濒湖集简方》）。
夜啼腹痛面青，冷证也：用大蒜一枚（煨研，日干），乳香五分，捣丸芥子大。每服七丸，乳汁下。（危氏《得效方》）。
寒湿气痛：端午日收独蒜，同辰粉捣，涂之。（唐瑶《经验方》）。
鬼毒风气：独头蒜一枚，和雄黄、杏仁研为丸，空腹饮下三丸。静坐少时，当下毛出即安。（孟诜《食疗本草》）。
狗咽气塞，喘息不通，须臾欲绝：用独头蒜一枚，削去两头，塞鼻中。左患塞右，右患塞左。候口中脓血出，立效。（《圣济》）。
喉痹肿痛：大蒜塞耳、鼻中，日二易之。（《肘后方》）。
鱼骨哽咽：独头蒜塞鼻中，自出。（《十便良方》）。
牙齿疼痛：独头蒜煨乘热切熨痛处，转易之。亦主虫痛。（《外台秘要》）。
眉毛动摇，目不能交睫，唤之不应，但能饮食：用蒜三两杵汁，调酒饮，即愈。（夏子益《奇疾方》）。
脑泻鼻渊：大蒜切片贴足心，取效止。（《摘玄方》）。
头风苦痛《易简方》：用大蒜研汁 鼻中。《圣济录》：用大蒜七个去皮，先烧红地，以蒜逐个于地上磨成膏子。却以僵蚕一两，去头足，安蒜上，碗覆一夜，勿令透气。只取蚕研末， 入鼻内，口中含水，甚效。
小儿惊风《总录》：方同上。
小儿脐风：独头蒜切片，安脐上，以艾灸之。口中有蒜气，即止。（黎居士《简易方论》）。
小儿气淋：宋宁宗为郡王时病淋，日夜凡三百起。国医罔措。或举孙琳治之。琳用大蒜、淡豆豉、蒸饼三物捣丸，令以温水下三十丸。曰：今日进三服，病当减三之一，明日亦然，三日病除。已而果然，赐以千缗。或问其说。琳曰：小儿何缘有淋？只是水道不利，三物皆能通利故也。（爱竹翁《谈薮》）。
产后中风，角弓反张，不语：用大蒜三十瓣，以水三升，煮一升，灌之即苏。（张杰《子母秘录》）。
金疮中风，角弓反张：取蒜一升去心，无灰酒四升煮极烂，并滓服之。须臾得汗即瘥。（《外台秘要》）。
妇人阴肿作痒：蒜汤洗之，效乃止。（《永类钤方》）。
阴汗作痒：大蒜、淡豉。捣丸梧子大，朱砂为衣，每空腹灯心汤下三十丸。
小便淋沥，或有或无：用大蒜一个，纸包煨熟，露一夜，空心新水送下。（《朱氏集验方》）。
小儿白秃团团然：切蒜日日揩之。（《秘录》）
闭口椒毒，气闭欲绝者：煮蒜食之。（张仲景方）
射工溪毒：独头蒜切三分浓，粘贴灸之，令蒜气射入即瘥。（《梅师方》）。
蜈蝎螫伤：独头蒜摩之，即止。（《梅师》）
蛇虺螫伤：孟诜说：即时嚼蒜封之，六、七易。仍以蒜一升去皮，以乳二升煮熟，空心顿服。明日又进。外以去皮蒜一升捣细，小便一升煮三、四沸，浸损处。
《梅师》：用独头蒜、酸草捣绞敷咬处。
脚肚转筋：大蒜擦足心令热，即安。仍以冷水食一瓣。（《摄生方》）
食蟹中毒：干蒜煮汁饮之。（《集验方》）。
蛇瘕面光，发热，如火炙人：饮蒜汁一碗，吐出如蛇状，即安。（危氏方）
(From *Bencao Shiyi*)
[Names] (Pronounced li), Zesuan (Swamp Garlic).
[Collection and Explanation] Song said: There is a kind of Shansuan (Mountain Garlic) in Jiangnan, resembling Da Suan (Large Garlic) but with an offensive odor.
Zang said: The root of Zesuan resembles Xiao Suan (Small Garlic), and the leaves resemble chives. Those growing among rocks are called Shisuan (Stone Garlic), which are no different from garlic.
Shizhen said: Shansuan, Zesuan, and Shisuan are the same substance, differing only in their habitats: mountains, swamps, and rocks respectively. The Xiao Suan planted by people originated from these three types, hence the name "Zesuan". *Erya* states: " , this is Shansuan." Now there is a Garlic Mountain in Jingkou where this garlic grows. It is found everywhere, not just in Jiangnan. Additionally, Lü Chen's *Zilin* states: " , this is water garlic." Thus, garlic grows not only on land but also in water. There are others such as Shan Cigu (Mountain Arum), Shuixianhua (Narcissus), Laoyasuan (Crow Garlic), and Shisuan; their roots and leaves resemble garlic but are inedible, and their flowers differ. These are recorded under the Grass category.
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, Warm, Non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Shansuan: Treats accumulations and blood masses (Xuejia) in women; grinding it with bitter vinegar for oral administration is often effective (Su Song). Zesuan and Shisuan: Both warm and tonify the lower jiao, direct qi downward, and lubricate the water passages (Zang).
(From *Mingyi Bielu*, Lower Grade)
[Names] Dasuan (Hongjing calls it), Xuncai (Pungent Vegetable).
Hongjing said: People now call Hu (Chinese Garlic) Dasuan, and Suan (Garlic) Xiao Suan, because their odors are similar.
Shizhen said: According to Sun's *Tangyun*: Zhang Qian traveled to the Western Regions and first obtained Dasuan and Huisui (Coriander). Thus, Xiao Suan was indigenous to China, while Dasuan came from Hu lands, hence the prefix "Hu" (Barbarian/Foreign). Both belong to the Five Pungents (Wuxun), so both can be generally referred to as Xun. See details under "Suan".
[Collection and Explanation] *Mingyi Bielu* says: Hu is Dasuan. Harvest on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month; single-clove bulbs are especially good for medicinal use.
Baosheng said: Hu from Liangzhou has a diameter of two inches, is the finest, and less pungent; that from Jingyang has red skin and is very spicy.
Song said: It is now planted in gardens everywhere. Each bulb has six or seven cloves. Initially planting one clove yields a single-clove bulb in the first year, reverting to its original multi-clove form the next year. Its flowers contain seeds that resemble tiny garlic cloves and can also be used for planting.
Shizhen said: Both large and small garlic are sown in August. Eat the shoots in spring, the scapes in early summer, the roots in May, and harvest seeds in autumn. Northerners cannot do without it for a day.
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, Warm, Toxic. Long-term consumption damages the eyes. Hongjing said: Its nature is extremely pungent and smelly, unsuitable for eating. Common people make it into a relish to eat with meat, which severely damages vitality and life. It should only be eaten raw, not cooked. Gong said: This item makes excellent soup and food, whereas Tao claimed it shouldn't be cooked, likely due to lack of experience.
Zang said: Initial consumption harms the eyes, but excessive consumption clarifies them. Long-term consumption thins the blood and whitens hair.
Shizhen said: Long-term consumption injures the liver and eyes. Therefore, Ji Kang in *Yangsheng Lun* stated: Pungent foods harm the eyes, and this is severe. Northerners love eating garlic and sleeping on heated kang beds, resulting in many blind people. Chen claimed excessive consumption clarifies vision, contradicting *Mingyi Bielu*. Why?
Zhenheng said: Garlic belongs to Fire, has a hot nature, promotes dispersion, benefits the chest/stomach, and digests meat well. Many eat it in summer. The disaster of damaging Qi becomes apparent over time; those practicing health preservation should avoid it. Its ability to digest meat is negligible.
Rui said: Excessive consumption injures the lungs, spleen, liver, and gallbladder, generating phlegm, aiding fire, and clouding the spirit.
Simiao said: Eating Hu in April and August damages the spirit, causing panting, palpitations, rib-side Qi urgency, and increased appetite. Having sex after eating raw Hu excessively injures Liver Qi, leading to a sallow complexion. Eating raw Hu with green carp causes abdominal sores, intestinal swelling, hernias, and jaundice. Eating it with honey can be fatal. Do not consume it while taking any tonic medicines.
[Therapeutic Actions] Enters the five Zang organs, disperses carbuncles and sores, expels wind pathogens, and detoxifies poisonous vapors (*Mingyi Bielu*).
Directs Qi downward, aids digestion, and digests meat (Su Gong). Removes water-related miasma, expels wind-dampness, breaks cold stagnation, resolves accumulations, dispels evil influences, promotes circulation and warming tonification, treats sores and tinea, eliminates pain attributed to ghosts/demons (Zang). Strengthens the spleen and stomach, treats Kidney Qi disorders, stops cholera with muscle cramps and abdominal pain, expels malevolent influences, resolves warm epidemics, removes toxins, treats chronic malaria and cold winds, applies topically for wind-induced cold pain, malignant sores, snake/insect bites, stream toxins, and sand lice (crushed and applied). Soaked in mature vinegar for years is best (*Rihua Bencao*). Crushed with warm water and taken orally treats unconsciousness from heatstroke. Applied to the sole of the foot stops persistent epistaxis. Taken as pills with fermented soybeans treats sudden bloody diarrhea and unblocks water passages (Zongzhi). Juiced and drunk treats hematemesis and heart pain. Decoction treats opisthotonos. Combined with crucian carp pills treats diaphragmatic Qi stagnation. Combined with clam powder pills treats edema. Combined with lead tetroxide pills treats dysentery/malaria and pregnancy-related dysentery. Combined with frankincense pills treats abdominal pain. Made into a paste and applied to the umbilicus reaches the lower jiao, reduces water retention, and promotes urination and defecation. Applied to the sole guides heat downward, treating acute diarrhea/dysentery and dry/wet cholera, stopping epistaxis. Inserted into the anus opens the pylorus, treating obstruction/guan-ge syndrome (Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Zongzhi said: Hu has an extremely pungent odor; placed in rotten meat, it masks the smell. For heatstroke poisoning, chew three or two cloves, swallow with warm water; effect is immediate, but forbid cold water. For persistent epistaxis, apply crushed garlic to the sole of the foot; wipe off once bleeding stops.
Shizhen said: Hu and Suan enter the Taiyin and Yangming meridians. Their pungent and fierce Qi penetrates the five Zang organs, reaches all orifices, expels cold-dampness, wards off evil, dissipates carbuncles, and digests accumulated meat. This is their merit. Wang Zhen praised it: Flavor remains unchanged, sustains life, enables long journeys, transforms rot into wonder, seasons dishes, replaces vinegar. Carrying it on travels protects against hot winds and miasmas; eating cured meats does not harm. In summer, it clears heat. Essential for Northerners eating meat and noodles. It is a top-grade food in culinary classics, widely assisting daily life. Few realize its pungency disperses Qi, heat aids fire, harming lungs, eyes, spirit, and vitality, suffering silently. Once, a woman had epistaxis for a day and night; treatments failed. Shizhen ordered garlic applied to the sole of the foot; bleeding stopped immediately—a truly miraculous prescription. Ye Shilin's *Bushu Lu* records: A servant riding in summer collapsed, near death. Companion Wang Xiang taught crushing garlic and hot road soil, mixing with fresh water, and forcing into the mouth; the patient revived shortly. A board with this prescription appeared at Xuzhou gate; people thought it divine intervention. Zang said: A man with accumulations dreamed of eating three garlic cloves daily. Initial intake caused dizziness, vomiting, and burning sensation below. Later advised to swallow slices with skin, removing ends, named "Internal Moxibustion," achieving great effect.
Song said: Classics state Hu disperses carbuncles. Li Jiang's *Bingbu Shouji Fang* notes: For toxic sores causing screaming and inability to sleep, take two single-clove garlic, crush, mix with sesame oil, apply thickly to sore, change when dry. Repeatedly saved lives miraculously. Official Lu Tan's shoulder sore and chest pain resolved using this. General Li's brain abscess also healed. Ge Hong's *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* states: For back swellings, slice a single garlic clove horizontally, place on swelling, moxa like a walnut seed, burn 100 cones under the garlic until gradually reduced; more is better. Avoid excessive heat; if painful, lift garlic. Replace if burnt; do not damage skin. Hong himself had a lower abdominal swelling treated successfully by moxibustion. Numerous applications were effective. Stone inscription at Zijigong Palace, Nanjing, records: Any initial back boil, carbuncle, or malignant swelling can be moxed regardless of cone count. For lower back pain, moxa until pain stops; for non-painful areas, moxa until extreme pain then stop. Moxing warts causes them to scab and fall off, effect like magic. Medical texts are not empty words; failure lies in lack of careful application.
Shizhen said: Li Xun's *Lun Suan Qian Jiu Fa* states: Treating carbuncles with moxibustion is superior to medication. Heat-toxin blocks the diaphragm, preventing upper/lower communication. Toxin must vent before resolution. Within one day of onset, cut a large single-clove garlic like a coin, apply to the top, moxa. Change every three cones, aiming for 100. Prevents spread, preserves internal flesh, aids healing—three benefits in one. Never use on head or neck, fearing upward Qi movement causing greater disaster. Shi Yuan recorded moxa efficacy: Mother's back itched with half-inch red halo and millet-sized white grains. Moxa 14 cones; redness vanished. Two days later, red streak extended two inches down. Family blamed moxa. External doctor applied ointment; halo expanded to six-seven inches over 22 days, unbearable pain. A nun recovered from similar illness via moxa. Visited her; she said during severe stage, unconscious, Fan Fengyi sat moxing 800+ cones, consuming a sieve of moxa. Returned home, moxed silver-nut sized cones ten times, felt nothing; then moxed surrounding red area, felt pain. With each cone ashed, redness receded. After 30+ cones, halo retreated. Delayed moxa burns tissue, losing sensation; pain returns only when reaching healthy tissue. By night, fire covered back, swelling high and hot, allowing sleep. By morning, resembled an inverted bowl, three-four inches high, hundreds of small pores, black color, settled with care. High swelling indicates toxin exiting outward. Many pores prevent toxin accumulation. Black color indicates necrotic tissue. Without moxa extracting toxin from necrotic tissue, it would invade five Zang organs, endangering life. Quacks' claims of cooling pastes dissolving toxin are unreliable.
[Attached Prescriptions] Old 15, New 32.
Back Boil Moxibustion: When back swelling/hardness/pain felt, stick wet paper to locate sore head. Use 10 garlic cloves, half he of light fermented soybean, one qian of frankincense, finely ground. Surround sore head with bamboo ring, fill with medicine, apply two fen thick, moxa. Moxa until pain turns to itch, itch to pain, aim for 100 cones. Same effect as Garlic Coin Moxibustion (*Waike Jingyao*).
Carbuncle/Malignant Toxin: Take a pinch of door hinge ash, sift fine. Rub sore with single/new garlic scape dipped in ash. Wait for slight exudate, rub again; dissipates shortly. Effective even for back carbuncles.
Five-Color Erysipelas (variable color) and ankle eruption: Crush garlic, apply thickly, change when dry (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Guan-Ge Distension (urinary/fecal obstruction): Roast single-clove garlic, peel, wrap in silk, insert into lower orifice; Qi flows immediately (*Waitai Miyao*).
Dry/Wet Cholera with Cramps: Crush garlic, apply to sole of foot; cures instantly (*Yonglei Qianfang*).
Water Retention/Edema: Equal parts garlic, field snail, plantago seed. Boil into paste. Spread on umbilicus; water drains via urine, cures in days. Passed down by fortune teller to Xiangshan locals for edema (*Bai Shi*).
Mountain Miasma: Eat seven slices each of raw and cooked garlic. Abdominal rumbling, vomiting blood, or diarrhea follows; cures (*Shengzhong Miaofang*).
Malaria Chills/Fever (*Zhouhou*): Roast single-clove garlic on charcoal, take with wine, one cubic inch dose. *Jianbian*: Place half peach kernel on Neiguan acupoint, cover with crushed garlic, bind (left for men, right for women); stops immediately. Neighbor aunt used this successfully.
*Puji Fang*: On Dragon Boat Festival, roast single-clove garlic, mix with equal alum-red, pill size of Chinese quince seed. Chew one pill with plain water daily.
Cold Malaria/Cold Dysentery: On Dragon Boat Festival, ten single-clove garlic, two qian yellow lead oxide, pill size of walnut seed. Take nine pills with flowing water; excellent (*Puji Fang*).
Acute Diarrhea/Dysentery: Crush garlic, apply to both soles. Also applicable to umbilicus (*Qianjin Fang*).
Dysentery with Inability to Eat & Pediatric Diarrhea: Same as above.
Intestinal Toxin/Bloody Stool: Suanlian Wan: Roast single-clove garlic, crush, mix with Coptis powder, pill. Take daily with rice gruel (*Jisheng Fang*).
Sudden Bloody Stool: Peel 5-7 Hu, crush to paste, mix with fermented soybean, pill size of walnut seed. Take 50-60 pills with rice drink; always cures (*Bencao Yanyi*).
Persistent Epistaxis unresponsive to meds: Peel one garlic, crush to mud, form coin-sized cake, one bean-thick. Left nostril bleed -> left sole; Right -> right sole; Both -> both. Cures instantly (*Jianyao Jizhong Fang*).
Blood Reversal/Heart Pain: Crush raw garlic, juice, drink two sheng; cures (*Qianjin*).
Ghost Attack/Abdominal Pain unbearable: One single-clove garlic, ink cake date-sized, crush with sauce, take at once (*Yonglei Qianfang*).
Cold Abdominal Pain: Garlic soaked in method vinegar for 2-3 years, eat several; effect like magic (*Binhu Jijian Fang*).
Night Crying/Abdominal Pain/Green Face (Cold Syndrome): One garlic (roasted, dried), five fen frankincense, pill size of mustard seed. Take seven pills with milk (*Defang Fang*).
Cold-Damp Pain: Collect single-clove garlic on Dragon Boat Festival, mix with Chenfen, apply (*Jingyan Fang*).
Ghost Poison/Wind Pathogen: One single-clove garlic, mix with realgar and almond, pill. Take three pills fasting; sit quietly; hair discharge indicates safety (*Shiliao Bencao*).
Dog Throat/Qi Blockage/Apnea: Single-clove garlic, remove ends, insert into nose. Left ailment -> right nose; Right -> left nose. Wait for pus/blood from mouth; instant effect (*Shengji*).
Sore Throat/Swelling: Insert garlic into ears/nose, change twice daily (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Fish Bone Choking: Insert single-clove garlic into nose; bone exits (*Shibian Liangfang*).
Toothache: Roast single-clove garlic, apply hot to pain, rotate. Also treats worm pain (*Waitai Miyao*).
Eyebrow Trembling/Eyes Unopenable/Unresponsive but able to eat: Crush three liang garlic, juice, mix with wine, drink; cures (*Qiji Fang*).
Brain Discharge/Nasal Sinusitis: Garlic slices applied to soles; effective (*Zhixuan Fang*).
Head Wind/Pain (*Yijian Fang*): Garlic juice sniffed into nose. *Shengji Lu*: Seven peeled garlic cloves, rub on red-hot ground into paste. Mix with one liang silkworm (head/feet removed), place on garlic, cover with bowl overnight. Grind silkworm, sniff into nose, hold water in mouth; very effective.
Pediatric Convulsions (*Zonglu*): Same formula.
Pediatric Umbilical Wind: Slice single-clove garlic, place on umbilicus, moxa. Stop when garlic scent detected in mouth (*Jianyi Fanglun*).
Pediatric Qi Strangury: Emperor Ningzong of Song suffered strangury (300 voids/day) as Prince. Imperial doctors helpless. Sun Lin treated: Garlic, light fermented soybean, steamed cake, pill. Take 30 pills with warm water. Said: Three doses today reduce illness by one-third; repeat tomorrow; cured in three days. True. Awarded money. Explained: Children don't get strangury; it's water passage blockage; these three items unblock it (*Tansou*).
Postpartum Windstroke/Opisthotonos/Aphasia: Thirty garlic cloves, boil in three sheng water to one sheng, pour in; revives (*Zimu Milu*).
Traumatic Windstroke/Opisthotonos: One sheng garlic (core removed), boil in four sheng unfiltered wine until soft, take with dregs. Sweat appears quickly; cures (*Waitai Miyao*).
Female Genital Swelling/Itch: Wash with garlic decoction; stops when effective (*Yonglei Qianfang*).
Genital Sweating/Itch: Garlic, light fermented soybean. Pill size of walnut seed, cinnabar coating. Take 30 pills fasting with rush-water (*Yonglei Qianfang*).
Scanty Urination: One garlic, wrapped in paper, roasted, exposed overnight. Take fasting with fresh water (*Zhushi Jiyang Fang*).
Pediatric White Tinea (circular): Rub sliced garlic daily (*Milu*).
Closed Mouth Pepper Poison/Airway Closure: Cook and eat garlic (*Zhang Zhongjing Fang*).
Stream Toxin/Xiegong: Slice single-clove garlic, apply and moxa until garlic Qi penetrates; cures (*Meishi Fang*).
Centipede/Scorpion Bite: Rub with single-clove garlic; stops (*Meishi*).
Snake/Viper Bite: Meng Shen said: Chew and apply garlic immediately, change 6-7 times. Also, one sheng peeled garlic, boiled in two sheng milk, take fasting. Next day continue. Externally, one sheng peeled garlic crushed, boiled in one sheng urine, soak injury. *Meishi*: Single-clove garlic and sour grass, crush, apply to bite.
Calf Cramp: Rub garlic on sole until hot; calm. Also eat one clove with cold water (*Shesheng Fang*).
Crab Poisoning: Drink decoction of dried garlic (*Jiyan Fang*).
Snake Mass/Shiny Face/Fever like burning: Drink one bowl garlic juice; vomit snake-shaped mass; calm (*Weishi Fang*).