（《别录》下品）
【释名】黄石。
志曰∶敲破，块块方解，故以为名。
【集解】《别录》曰∶方解石生方山，采无时。
弘景曰∶《本经》长石一名方石，疗体相似，疑即此也。
恭曰∶此物大体与石膏相似，不附石而生，端然独处。大者如升，小者如拳，甚大者方
尺，或在土中，或生溪水，其上皮随土及水苔色，破之方解。今人以为石膏，用疗风去热虽
同，而解肌发汗不及也。
志曰∶今沙州大鸟山出者，佳。
颂曰∶方解石，本草言生方山，陶隐居疑与长石为一物，苏恭云疗热不减石膏。若然，
似可通用，但主头风不及石膏也。其肌理、形段刚柔皆同，但以附石不附石为言，岂得功力
顿异？如雌黄、雄黄亦有端然独处者，亦有附石生者，不闻别有名号，功力相异也。
时珍曰∶方解石与硬石膏相似，皆光洁如白石英，但以敲之段段片碎者，为硬石膏；块
块方棱者，为方解石，盖一类二种，亦可通用。唐宋诸方皆以此为石膏，今人又以为寒水石，
虽俱不是，而其性寒治热之功，大抵不相远，惟解肌发汗不能如硬石膏为异尔。
【气味】苦、辛，大寒，无毒。
之才曰∶恶巴豆。
【主治】胸中留热结气，黄胆，通血脉，去蛊毒（《别录》）。
（《本经》上品）
【释名】画石（《衍义》）、液石（《别录》）、 石（音辽）、脱石（音夺）、冷石（弘景）、
番石（《别录》）、共石。
宗 曰∶滑石，今谓之画石，因其软滑可写画也。
时珍曰∶滑石性滑利窍，其质又滑腻，故以名之。表画家用刷纸代粉，最白腻。
，乃脂膏也，因以名县。脱乃肉无骨也。此物最滑腻，无硬者为良，故有诸名。
【集解】《别录》曰∶滑石生赭阳山谷，及泰山之阴，或掖北白山，或卷山，采无时。
弘景曰∶滑石色正白，《仙经》用之为泥。今出湘州、始安郡诸处，初取软如泥，久渐
坚强，人多以作冢中明器物。赭阳属南阳，掖县属青州东莱，卷县属司州荥阳。又有冷石，
小青黄，并冷利，能熨油污衣物。恭曰∶此石所在皆有。岭南始安出者，白如凝脂，极软滑。
出掖县者，理粗质青有黑点；惟可为器，不可入药。齐州南山神通寺南谷亦大有，色青白不
佳，而滑腻则胜。
藏器曰∶始安、掖县所出二石，形质既异，所用又殊。始安者软滑而白，宜入药；东莱
者，硬涩而青，乃作器石也。
曰∶凡使有多般∶其白滑石如方解石，色似冰白，画石上有白腻纹者，真也。乌滑石
似，画石上有青白腻纹，入用亦妙。绿滑石性寒有毒，不入药用。黄滑石似金颗颗圆，画
石上有青黑色者，勿用，杀人。冷滑石青苍色，画石上作白腻纹，亦勿用之。
颂曰∶今道、永、莱、濠州皆有之。凡二种。道、永州出者白滑如凝脂。《南越志》云
∶城县出 石，即滑石也。土人以为烧器，烹鱼食，是也。莱、濠州出者理粗质青，有黑
点，亦谓之斑石。二种皆可作器，甚精好。初出软柔，彼人就穴中制作，用力殊少也。本草
所载土地皆是北方，而今医家所用白色者，自南方来。或云沂州所出甚白佳，与本草所云泰
山之阴相合，而彼土不取为药。今濠州所供青滑石，云性寒无毒，主心气涩滞，与《本经》
大同小异。
又《张勃吴录地理志》及《大康地记》云∶郁林州布山县马湖马岭山皆有虺，甚毒杀人，
有冷石可以解之。石色赤黑，味苦，屑之着疮中，并以切齿立苏，一名切齿石。今人多用冷
石作粉，治痱疮，或云即滑石也，但味之甘苦不同尔。
时珍曰∶滑石，广之桂林各邑及瑶峒中皆出之，即古之始安也。白、黑二种，功皆相似
。山东蓬莱县桂府村所出者亦佳，故医方有桂府滑石，与桂林者同称也。今人亦以刻图书，
不甚坚牢。滑石之根，为不灰木。滑石中有光明黄子，为石脑芝。
【修治】 曰∶凡用白滑石，先以刀刮净研粉，以牡丹皮同煮一伏时。去牡丹皮，取滑
石，以东流水淘过，晒干用。
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。《别录》曰∶大寒。
之才曰∶石苇为之使，恶曾青，制雄黄。
【主治】身热泄 ，女子乳难癃闭，利小便，荡胃中积聚寒热，益精气。久服轻身耐饥
长年（《本经》）。通九窍六腑津液，去留结，止渴，令人利中（《别录》）。燥湿，分水道，
实大肠，化食毒，行积滞，逐凝血，解燥渴，补脾胃，降心火，偏主石淋为要药（震亨）。
疗黄胆水肿香港脚，吐血衄血，金疮血出，诸疮肿毒（时珍）。
【发明】颂曰∶古方治淋沥，多单使滑石。又与石苇同捣末，饮服刀圭，更快。又主石
淋，发烦闷，取十二分研粉，分作两服，水调下。烦热定，即停后服。
权曰∶滑石疗五淋，主产难，服其末。又末与丹参、蜜、猪脂为膏，入其月即空心酒下
弹丸大，临产倍服，令胎滑易生，除烦热心躁。
元素曰∶滑石气温味甘，治前阴窍涩不利，性沉重，能泄上气令下行，故曰滑则利窍，
不与诸淡渗药同。
好古曰∶入足太阳经。滑能利窍，以通水道，为至燥之剂。猪苓汤用滑石、阿胶，同为
滑剂以利水道；葱、豉、生姜同煎，去滓澄清以解利。淡味渗泄为阳，故解表利小便也。若
小便自利者，不宜用。
时珍曰∶滑石利窍，不独小便也。上能利毛腠之窍，下能利精溺之窍。盖甘淡之味，先
入于胃渗走经络，游溢津气，上输于肺，下通膀胱。肺主皮毛，为水之上源。膀胱司津液，
气化则能出。故滑石上能发表，下利水道，为荡热燥湿之剂。发表是荡上中之热，利水道是
荡中下之热；发表是燥上中之湿，利水道是燥中下之湿。热散则三焦宁而表里和，湿去则阑
门通而阴阳利。刘河间之用益元散，通治表里上下诸病，盖是此意，但未发出尔。
【附方】旧六，新一十三。
益元散∶又名天水散、太白散、六一散。解中暑伤寒疫疠，饥饱劳损，忧愁思虑，惊恐
悲怒，传染并汗后遗热劳复诸疾。兼解两感伤寒，百药酒食邪热毒。治五劳七伤，一切虚损，
内伤阴痿，惊悸健忘，痫螈烦满，短气痰嗽，肌肉疼痛，腹胀闷痛，淋 涩痛，服石石淋。
疗身热呕吐泄泻，肠 下痢赤白。除烦热，胸中积聚，寒热。止渴，消畜水。
妇人产后损液，血虚阴虚热甚，催生下乳。治吹乳乳痈，牙疮齿疳。此药大养脾肾之气，
通九窍六腑，去留结，益精气，壮筋骨，和气，通经脉，消水谷，保真元，明耳目，安魂定
魄，强志轻身，驻颜益寿，耐劳役饥渴，乃神验之仙药也。白滑石（水飞过）六两，粉甘草
一两。
为末。每服三钱，蜜少许，温水调下。实热，用新汲水下；解利用葱豉汤下；通乳，用
猪肉面汤调下；催生，用香油浆下。凡难产或死胎不下，皆由风热燥涩，结滞紧敛，不能舒
缓故也。此药力至，则结滞顿开而瘥矣。（刘河间《伤寒直格》）
膈上烦热多渴，利九窍。滑石二两（捣）。水三大盏，煎二盏，去滓，入粳米煮粥食。（《圣
惠》）
女劳黄胆，日晡发热恶寒，小腹急，大便溏黑，额黑。滑石、石膏等分。研末。大麦汁
服方寸匕，日三，小便大利愈。腹满者，难治。（《千金方》）
伤寒衄血∶滑石末，饭丸梧子大。每服十丸，微嚼破，新水咽下，立止。汤晦叔云∶鼻
衄，乃当汗不汗所致。其血紫黑时，不以多少，不可止之。且服温和药，调其营卫；待血鲜
时，急服此药止之也。（《本事方》）
乳石发动，烦热烦渴∶滑石粉半两，水一盏，绞白汁，顿服。（《圣惠方》）
暴得吐逆不下食∶生滑石末二钱匕，温水服，仍以细面半盏押定。（寇氏《衍义》）
气壅关格不通，小便淋结，脐下烦闷兼痛。滑石粉一两，水调服。（《广利方》）
小便不通∶滑石末一升，以车前汁和，涂脐之四畔，方四寸，干即易之。冬月水和。（杨
氏《产乳》）
妇人转脬，因过忍小便而致。滑石末，葱汤服二钱。（《圣惠方》）
妊娠子淋，不得小便∶滑石末水和，泥脐下二寸。（《外台秘要》）
伏暑水泄∶白龙丸∶滑石（火 过）一两，硫黄四钱。为末，面糊丸绿豆大。每用淡姜
汤
随大小服。（《普济方》）
伏暑吐泄，或吐，或泄，或疟，小便赤，烦渴。玉液散∶用桂府滑石（烧）四两，藿香
一钱，丁香一钱。为末，米汤服二钱。（《普济方》）
霍乱及疟∶方同上。
痘疮狂乱，循衣摸床，大热引饮。用益元散，加朱砂二钱，冰片三分，麝香一分。每灯
草汤下，二、三服。（王氏《痘疹方》）风毒热疮，遍身出黄水。桂府滑石末敷之，次日愈。
先以虎杖、豌豆、甘草等分。煎汤洗后，乃搽。（《普济方》）
阴下湿汗∶滑石一两，石膏（ ）半两，枯白矾少许，研掺之。（《集简方》）
脚指缝烂∶方同上。
杖疮肿痛∶滑石、赤石脂、大黄等分，为末。茶汤洗净，贴。（赵氏《经验方》）
热毒怪病，目赤鼻胀，大喘，浑身出斑，毛发如铁，乃因中热，毒瓦斯结于下焦。用滑
石、白矾各一两。为末，作一服。水三碗，煎减半，冷，不住饮之。（夏子益《奇疾方》）
（出自《名医别录》下品）
【释名】黄石。
苏恭说：敲击后，石块呈方形块状裂开，因此得名。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：方解石产于方山，采集没有固定时间。
陶弘景说：《神农本草经》中的长石又名方石，治疗作用相似，怀疑就是这种药。
苏恭说：这种药物大体与石膏相似，不依附于岩石生长，而是独立存在。大的像升斗，小的像拳头，特别大的有一尺见方，有的埋在土中，有的生长在溪水中，其表面颜色随泥土和水苔的颜色变化，敲开后呈方形裂开。现在的人把它当作石膏使用，虽然用来祛风清热效果相同，但在解除肌表邪气和发汗方面不如石膏。
苏颂说：现在沙州大鸟山出产的方解石品质较好。方解石，本草书中说产于方山，陶隐居怀疑它与长石是同一种药，苏恭说它清热功效不亚于石膏。如果是这样，似乎可以通用，只是治疗头风病的效果不如石膏。它们的纹理、形状刚柔都相同，只是区别在于是否依附岩石生长，难道功效会有巨大差异吗？比如雌黄、雄黄也有独立生长的，也有依附岩石生长的，没听说有不同的名称，功效也不同。
李时珍说：方解石与硬石膏相似，都像白石英一样光洁，但敲击后成片状碎裂的是硬石膏；呈方形块状裂开的是方解石，大概是一类两种，也可以通用。唐宋时期的各方剂都用它作为石膏，现在的人又把它当作寒水石，虽然都不是，但其性寒治热的功效大致相近，只有解除肌表邪气发汗的作用不如硬石膏不同。
【气味】味苦、辛，大寒，无毒。
孟诜说：畏巴豆。
【主治】胸中郁结的热气和痰结，黄疸，疏通血脉，去除蛊毒（出自《名医别录》）。
（出自《神农本草经》上品）
【释名】画石（出自《本草衍义》）、液石（出自《名医别录》）、 石（音同“辽”）、脱石（音同“夺”）、冷石（陶弘景）、番石（出自《名医别录》）、共石。
寇宗奭说：滑石，现在叫它画石，因为它质地软滑可以用来写字画画。
李时珍说：滑石性质滑利窍道，质地又滑腻，所以以此命名。表画家刷纸时用它代替粉，最白且腻。 ，是脂膏的意思，因此用此名县名。脱是指肉多无骨。此物最滑腻，没有坚硬杂质的为佳品，所以有这些名字。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：滑石产于赭阳山谷，以及泰山的北坡，或者掖县的北白山，或者卷山，采集没有固定时间。
陶弘景说：滑石颜色正白，《仙经》中用它来制作泥料。现在出产于湘州、始安郡等地，刚取出时软如泥，时间久了逐渐变硬，人们多用来制作墓穴中的照明器具。赭阳属于南阳，掖县属于青州东莱，卷县属于司州荥阳。又有冷石，颜色小青黄，同样寒冷滑利，能熨烫油污衣物。苏恭说：这种石头各地都有。岭南始安出产的，白如凝固的油脂，极软滑。出产于掖县的，纹理粗糙质地青黑有黑点；只能用来做器皿，不能入药。齐州南山神通寺南谷也大量出产，颜色青白不佳，但滑腻程度胜过其他产地。
陈藏器说：始安、掖县出产的两种石头，形状质地既已不同，用途也殊异。始安出产的软滑而白，适宜入药；东莱出产的，硬涩而青，是做器皿的石料。
苏颂说：凡是使用的有多种：其中白滑石像方解石，颜色像冰一样白，画石上有白色腻纹的是真品。乌滑石似 ，画石上有青白腻纹，入药也很好。绿滑石性寒有毒，不入药用。黄滑石像金色的颗粒圆球，画石上有青黑色的，不要用，会杀人。冷滑石青苍色，画石上作白色腻纹，也不要用。
苏颂说：现在道州、永州、莱州、濠州都有出产。凡有两种。道州、永州出产的白滑如凝脂。《南越志》说：城县出产 石，就是滑石。当地人用来烧制器皿，烹煮鱼肉食用，确实如此。莱州、濠州出产的纹理粗糙质地青黑有黑点，也叫斑石。两种都可以做器皿，非常精美。刚出土时柔软，当地人在洞穴中制作，用力很少。本草书记载的土地都是北方的，而现在医家所用的白色滑石，是从南方运来的。有人说沂州出产的很白很好，与本草所说的泰山北坡相合，但当地人不将其作为药材。现在濠州供应的青滑石，据说性寒无毒，主治心气涩滞，与《神农本草经》大同小异。
另外《张勃吴录地理志》及《大康地记》说：郁林州布山县马湖马岭山都有毒蛇，毒性很强能杀人，有冷石可以解毒。石头颜色赤黑，味道苦，磨成屑敷在疮口中，咬紧牙关立刻苏醒，一名切齿石。现在人多用冷石磨粉，治疗痱子疮，有人说就是滑石，只是味道甘苦不同罢了。
李时珍说：滑石，广东桂林各邑及瑶峒中都有出产，即古代的始安。有白、黑两种，功效都相似。山东蓬莱县桂府村出产的也很好，所以医方中有桂府滑石，与桂林出产的并称。现在人也用它刻图书，但不太坚固牢靠。滑石的根，是不灰木。滑石中有光明的黄色部分，称为石脑芝。
【修治】雷敩说：凡是使用白滑石，先用刀刮干净研成粉，与牡丹皮一起煮一个时辰。去掉牡丹皮，取滑石，用东流水淘洗，晒干后使用。
【气味】味甘，寒，无毒。《名医别录》说：大寒。
孟诜说：石苇为其引经药，畏曾青，能制约雄黄。
【主治】身体发热腹泻，女子乳汁不通、小便癃闭，通利小便，清除胃中积聚的寒热，补益精气。长期服用可轻身耐饥延年益寿（出自《神农本草经》）。通利九窍六腑津液，去除留滞凝结，止渴，使人中焦通畅（出自《名医别录》）。燥湿，分利水道，充实大肠，化解食毒，行散积滞，驱逐凝血，解除燥渴，补益脾胃，降心火，是治疗石淋的要药（朱震亨）。治疗黄疸水肿脚气，吐血鼻衄，金疮出血，各种疮肿毒（李时珍）。
【发明】苏颂说：古方治疗淋证，多单用滑石。又与石苇同捣末，用水服送刀圭大小的量，更快。又主治石淋，出现烦闷，取十二分研粉，分两次服用，水调下。烦热定后，就停止后半次服药。
许叔微说：滑石治疗五淋，主治难产，服用其粉末。又粉末与丹参、蜜、猪脂制成膏，临产前空腹酒送弹丸大小，临产时加倍服用，使胎儿滑利易生，消除烦热心躁。
李杲说：滑石气温味甘，治疗前阴窍道涩滞不利，性质沉重，能泄上焦之气令其下行，所以说滑则利窍，不与诸淡渗药同类。
王好古说：入足太阳膀胱经。滑能利窍，以通水道，是极燥的药剂。猪苓汤用滑石、阿胶，同为滑剂以利水道；葱、豉、生姜同煎，去渣澄清以解利。淡味渗泄为阳，所以能解表利小便。如果小便自利者，不宜使用。
李时珍说：滑石利窍，不仅限于小便。上能利毛腠之窍，下能利精溺之窍。大概甘淡的味道，先入于胃，渗入走经络，游溢津气，上输于肺，下通膀胱。肺主皮毛，为水之上源。膀胱司津液，气化则能出。所以滑石上能发表，下利水道，是荡涤热燥湿的药剂。发表是荡涤上中之热，利水道是荡涤中下之热；发表是燥上中之湿，利水道是燥中下之湿。热散则三焦安宁而表里调和，湿去则阑门通畅而阴阳利达。刘河间使用益元散，通治表里上下诸病，大概是这个意思，只是没有明确阐述出来。
【附方】旧方六首，新方十三首。
益元散：又名天水散、太白散、六一散。解中暑伤寒疫疠，饥饱劳损，忧愁思虑，惊恐悲怒，传染并汗后遗热劳复诸疾。兼解两感伤寒，百药酒食邪热毒。治五劳七伤，一切虚损，内伤阴痿，惊悸健忘，痫螈烦满，短气痰嗽，肌肉疼痛，腹胀闷痛，淋 涩痛，服石石淋。疗身热呕吐泄泻，肠 下痢赤白。除烦热，胸中积聚，寒热。止渴，消畜水。妇人产后损液，血虚阴虚热甚，催生下乳。治吹乳乳痈，牙疮齿疳。此药大养脾肾之气，通九窍六腑，去留结，益精气，壮筋骨，和气，通经脉，消水谷，保真元，明耳目，安魂定魄，强志轻身，驻颜益寿，耐劳役饥渴，乃神验之仙药也。白滑石（水飞过）六两，粉甘草一两。为末。每服三钱，蜜少许，温水调下。实热，用新汲水下；解利用葱豉汤下；通乳，用猪肉面汤调下；催生，用香油浆下。凡难产或死胎不下，皆由风热燥涩，结滞紧敛，不能舒缓故也。此药力至，则结滞顿开而瘥矣。（刘河间《伤寒直格》）
膈上烦热多渴，利九窍。滑石二两（捣）。水三大盏，煎二盏，去滓，入粳米煮粥食。（《圣惠》）
女劳黄胆，日晡发热恶寒，小腹急，大便溏黑，额黑。滑石、石膏等分。研末。大麦汁服方寸匕，日三，小便大利愈。腹满者，难治。（《千金方》）
伤寒衄血∶滑石末，饭丸梧子大。每服十丸，微嚼破，新水咽下，立止。汤晦叔云∶鼻衄，乃当汗不汗所致。其血紫黑时，不以多少，不可止之。且服温和药，调其营卫；待血鲜时，急服此药止之也。（《本事方》）
乳石发动，烦热烦渴∶滑石粉半两，水一盏，绞白汁，顿服。（《圣惠方》）
暴得吐逆不下食∶生滑石末二钱匕，温水服，仍以细面半盏押定。（寇氏《衍义》）
气壅关格不通，小便淋结，脐下烦闷兼痛。滑石粉一两，水调服。（《广利方》）
小便不通∶滑石末一升，以车前汁和，涂脐之四畔，方四寸，干即易之。冬月水和。（杨氏《产乳》）
妇人转脬，因过忍小便而致。滑石末，葱汤服二钱。（《圣惠方》）
妊娠子淋，不得小便∶滑石末水和，泥脐下二寸。（《外台秘要》）
伏暑水泄∶白龙丸∶滑石（火 过）一两，硫黄四钱。为末，面糊丸绿豆大。每用淡姜汤随大小服。（《普济方》）
伏暑吐泄，或吐，或泄，或疟，小便赤，烦渴。玉液散∶用桂府滑石（烧）四两，藿香一钱，丁香一钱。为末，米汤服二钱。（《普济方》）
霍乱及疟∶方同上。
痘疮狂乱，循衣摸床，大热引饮。用益元散，加朱砂二钱，冰片三分，麝香一分。每灯草汤下，二、三服。（王氏《痘疹方》）风毒热疮，遍身出黄水。桂府滑石末敷之，次日愈。先以虎杖、豌豆、甘草等分。煎汤洗后，乃搽。（《普济方》）
阴下湿汗∶滑石一两，石膏（ ）半两，枯白矾少许，研掺之。（《集简方》）
脚指缝烂∶方同上。
杖疮肿痛∶滑石、赤石脂、大黄等分，为末。茶汤洗净，贴。（赵氏《经验方》）
热毒怪病，目赤鼻胀，大喘，浑身出斑，毛发如铁，乃因中热，毒瓦斯结于下焦。用滑石、白矾各一两。为末，作一服。水三碗，煎减半，冷，不住饮之。（夏子益《奇疾方》）
(From *Bie Lu*, Lower Grade)
[Names] Yellow Stone.
Su Gong said: When struck, it breaks into square blocks, hence the name.
[Collection and Explanation] *Bie Lu* states: Fangjie Shi (Calcite) grows in Fang Mountain; it can be harvested at any time.
Tao Hongjing said: Chang Shi (Long Stone) in *Ben Jing* is also called Fang Shi, with similar therapeutic properties; I suspect they are the same substance.
Su Gong said: This substance is generally similar to Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), but does not adhere to rocks, growing independently. Large pieces are like a sheng (a unit of volume), small ones like fists, and very large ones one chi square. They may be found in soil or growing in streams. Their surface color varies with soil and algae; when broken, they split into squares. Nowadays, people use it as Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum). Although both dispel wind and clear heat, Fangjie Shi (Calcite) is inferior to Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) in releasing the muscle layer and inducing sweating.
Su Song said: The Fangjie Shi (Calcite) from Da Niao Mountain in Shazhou is of good quality. Fangjie Shi (Calcite) is said in herbal texts to grow in Fang Mountain. Tao Yinju suspected it was the same as Chang Shi (Long Stone). Su Gong claimed its heat-clearing effect is no less than Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum). If so, they seem interchangeable, though it is less effective for head wind than Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum). Their texture and shape, rigid or soft, are identical. The only difference mentioned is whether they adhere to rocks. How could their efficacy differ so drastically? For example, Cihuang (Realgar) and Xionghuang (Orpiment) also have independent forms and adherent forms, yet are not given different names despite differing efficacies.
Li Shizhen said: Fangjie Shi (Calcite) resembles Yingshigao (Hard Gypsum); both are bright and white like Bai Shiyin (Quartz). However, those that break into flakes when struck are Yingshigao (Hard Gypsum); those that break into square blocks are Fangjie Shi (Calcite). They are likely one species with two varieties and can be used interchangeably. Formulas from Tang and Song dynasties all used this as Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum). Nowadays, people treat it as Hanshui Shi (Alumen). Although neither is correct, their cold nature and heat-clearing efficacy are roughly similar. The only difference is that Fangjie Shi (Calcite) cannot release the muscle layer and induce sweating as effectively as Yingshigao (Hard Gypsum).
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, Pungent, Greatly Cold, Non-toxic.
Meng Shen said: It dislikes Badou (Croton Seed).
[Indications] Chest heat accumulation and qi stagnation, jaundice, unblocking blood vessels, removing gu poison (*Bie Lu*).
(From *Ben Jing*, Upper Grade)
[Names] Huashi (Painting Stone) (*Yan Yi*), Yeshi (Liquid Stone) (*Bie Lu*), Liao Shi (sound "Liao"), Tuoshi (sound "Duo"), Lengshi (Cold Stone) (Hongjing), Fanshi (Foreign Stone) (*Bie Lu*), Gongshi.
Zong said: Huashi (Talcum), now called Huashi (Painting Stone), because it is soft and smooth enough for writing and drawing.
Li Shizhen said: Huashi (Talcum) has a slippery nature that benefits orifices, and its texture is greasy and smooth, hence the name. Painters use it instead of powder to size paper; it is the whitest and smoothest. Li is fat/grease, hence the county name. Tuo means flesh without bone. This substance is the smoothest; the non-hard variety is superior, hence these names.
[Collection and Explanation] *Bie Lu* states: Huashi (Talcum) grows in valleys of Zhe Yang, on the north slope of Mount Tai, or in Ye Bei Baishan, or Juan Shan; it can be harvested at any time.
Tao Hongjing said: Huashi (Talcum) is pure white; *Xian Jing* uses it for mud. It is now produced in Xiang Zhou, Shikan Jun, etc. Initially soft like mud, it hardens over time. People often use it for tomb lighting vessels. Zhe Yang belongs to Nanyang; Ye County belongs to Qingzhou Donglai; Juan County belongs to Sizheng Rongyang. There is also Lengshi (Cold Stone), pale green-yellow, equally cold and slippery, capable of ironing oil stains on clothes. Su Gong said: This stone is available everywhere. The variety from Shikan in Lingnan is white like congealed fat, extremely soft and slippery. The variety from Ye County has coarse texture, green with black spots; it can only make vessels, not enter medicine. The south valley of Shentong Temple in Zhizhou South Mountain produces much of it; the color is green-white and not excellent, but smoother than others.
Cangqi said: The two stones from Shikan and Ye County differ in form and quality, and their uses are distinct. The Shikan variety is soft, slippery, and white, suitable for medicine; the Donglai variety is hard, astringent, and green, serving as vessel stone.
Song said: Nowadays, Dao, Yong, Lai, and Hao prefectures all produce it. There are two types. Those from Dao and Yong prefectures are white and slippery like congealed fat. *Nan Yue Zhi* says: Cheng County produces Liao Shi, which is Huashi (Talcum). Locals use it to fire vessels for cooking fish, which is true. Those from Lai and Hao prefectures have coarse texture, green with black spots, also called Ban Shi (Speckled Stone). Both types can make vessels, very fine. Newly mined, they are soft and flexible; locals craft them in caves with little effort. Herbal texts list northern lands, but nowadays physicians use white Huashi (Talcum) from the south. Some say Yizhou produces excellent white Huashi (Talcum), matching the description of Mount Tai's north slope, but locals do not harvest it for medicine. The green Huashi (Talcum) supplied by Hao Prefecture is said to be cold and non-toxic, treating heart qi stagnation, largely consistent with *Ben Jing*.
Also, *Zhang Bo Wu Lu Di Li Zhi* and *Da Kang Di Ji* state: Malu Ma Ling Mountain in Buyan County, Yulin Zhou, has venomous snakes that kill humans. Leng Shi (Cold Stone) can detoxify them. The stone is red-black, bitter in taste. Ground and applied to wounds, biting teeth brings immediate relief. Also called Qichi Shi (Teeth-Biting Stone). Nowadays, people use Leng Shi (Cold Stone) powder to treat prickly heat. Some say it is Huashi (Talcum), differing only in sweet vs. bitter taste.
Li Shizhen said: Huashi (Talcum) is produced in various counties of Guilin, Guangdong, and Yao Dong, which is ancient Shikan. There are white and black varieties, with similar efficacy. The variety from Guifu Village, Penglai County, Shandong, is also excellent, hence "Guifu Huashi" in medical formulas, praised alongside Guilin Huashi (Talcum). Nowadays, people also use it for carving seals, but it is not very durable. The root of Huashi (Talcum) is Buhui Mu (Asbestos). Bright yellow parts within Huashi (Talcum) are called Shinao Zhi.
[Processing] Lei Xiao said: When using white Huashi (Talcum), first scrape clean and grind to powder. Boil together with Mudan Pi (Moutan Cortex) for one fu period (approx. 2 hours). Remove Mudan Pi (Moutan Cortex), take Huashi (Talcum), wash with flowing water from the east, dry, and use.
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, Cold, Non-toxic. *Bie Lu* states: Greatly Cold.
Meng Shen said: Shiwei (Pyrrosia Leaf) guides it; it dislikes Cengqing (Azurite) and controls Xionghuang (Orpiment).
[Indications] Body heat with diarrhea, women's difficulty in lactation and urinary retention, promoting urination, clearing accumulated cold and heat in the stomach, benefiting essence and qi. Long-term use lightens the body, resists hunger, and prolongs life (*Ben Jing*). Unblocks the nine orifices and six fu organs' fluids, removes stagnation and accumulation, stops thirst, benefits the middle jiao (*Bie Lu*). Dries dampness, separates water pathways, solidifies the large intestine, transforms food toxicity, moves stagnation, expels coagulated blood, relieves dry thirst, tonifies spleen and stomach, descends heart fire. It is the essential herb for treating Shi Lin (Stone Strangury) (Zhenheng). Treats jaundice, edema, beriberi, hematemesis, epistaxis, traumatic bleeding, and various sores and swellings (Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Song said: Ancient formulas for strangury often used Huashi (Talcum) alone. Mixed with Shiwei (Pyrrosia Leaf) and taken as powder, it acts faster. For Shi Lin (Stone Strangury) with irritability, take 12 fen, grind to powder, divide into two doses, taken with water. Stop the second dose once irritability and heat subside.
Quan said: Huashi (Talcum) treats five types of strangury and difficult labor; take the powder. Mixed with Danshen (Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root), honey, and pig fat to make a paste, taken empty-stomach with wine before delivery, doubling the dose at delivery to facilitate smooth birth and relieve irritability.
Yuansu said: Huashi (Talcum) is warm in temperature and sweet in flavor, treating obstruction and difficulty in the anterior orifice. Its nature is heavy, able to drain upper qi downwards. Thus, "slippery benefits orifices," distinguishing it from other diuretic herbs.
Haoguo said: Enters the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian. Slippery nature benefits orifices to unblock water pathways; it is a highly drying agent. Zhu Ling Tang uses Huashi (Talcum) and Ejiao (Donkey-Hide Glue) as slippery agents to benefit water pathways; decocted with Congbai (Scallion Stem), Chidou (Fermented Soybean), and Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger), strained and clarified to resolve and benefit. Sweet and penetrating flavors belong to Yang, thus resolving exterior and promoting urination. If urination is already free, it should not be used.
Shizhen said: Huashi (Talcum) benefits orifices, not just urination. Superiorly, it benefits hair follicles and skin pores; inferiorly, it benefits seminal and urinary orifices. Its sweet and bland flavor enters the stomach, penetrates collaterals, circulates fluids and qi, uploads to the Lung, and connects to the Bladder. The Lung governs skin and hair, the source of water. The Bladder manages fluids; qi transformation allows excretion. Thus, Huashi (Talcum) releases the exterior superiorly and benefits water pathways inferiorly; it is an agent that clears heat and dries dampness. Releasing the exterior clears heat in the upper and middle jiao; benefiting water pathways clears heat in the middle and lower jiao. Releasing the exterior dries dampness in the upper and middle jiao; benefiting water pathways dries dampness in the middle and lower jiao. When heat disperses, the Triple Burner calms, and interior/exterior harmonize. When dampness leaves, the Lanmen opens, and yin/yang flow freely. Liu Hejian's use of Yiyuan San to treat various diseases of interior/exterior and upper/lower stems from this principle, though he did not explicitly state it.
[Attached Prescriptions] Six old, thirteen new.
Yiyuan San: Also known as Tianshui San, Taibai San, Liuyi San. Resolves summerheat, cold damage, epidemics, hunger/fullness strain, worry/thought strain, fright/panic/sorrow/anger, infectious diseases, residual heat after sweating, and relapse from overwork. Also resolves concurrent cold damage, toxic heat from medicines/alcohol/food. Treats five labors and seven injuries, all deficiencies, internal injury causing impotence, palpitations, forgetfulness, convulsions, irritability/fullness, shortness of breath, phlegm cough, muscle pain, abdominal distension/pain, strangury with painful urination, and stone strangury. Treats body heat, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery with red/white discharge. Clears irritability and heat, chest accumulation, alternating cold/heat. Stops thirst, eliminates retained water. For postpartum fluid loss, blood deficiency, yin deficiency with severe heat, promotes labor and lactation. Treats breast abscess, tooth decay/gum disease. This herb greatly nourishes spleen/kidney qi, unblocks nine orifices and six fu organs, removes stagnation, benefits essence/qi, strengthens sinews/bones, harmonizes qi, unblocks meridians, digests food/water, preserves true yuan, clarifies eyes/ears, calms soul/spirit, strengthens will, lightens body, preserves youth, extends life, withstands labor/hunger/thirst. It is a miraculous immortal drug. White Huashi (Talcum) (water-processed) 6 liang, Fen Gancao (Licorice Root) 1 liang. Grind to powder. Take 3 qian each time with a little honey, mixed with warm water. For excess heat, use fresh well water; for purgation, use Congchi Tang (Scallion and Fermented Soybean Decoction); for lactation, use pork broth; for inducing labor, use sesame oil slurry. Difficult labor or retained dead fetus is due to wind-heat, dryness, astringency, tight contraction, inability to relax. When this drug's power arrives, stagnation instantly opens and heals. (Liu Hejian *Shanghan Zhige*)
Heat above diaphragm with excessive thirst, benefiting nine orifices. Huashi (Talcum) 2 liang (crushed). Water 3 large bowls, decoct to 2 bowls, strain, add Jingmi (Rice) to cook porridge and eat. (*Shenghui*)
Female labor jaundice, fever/chills at dusk, lower abdominal urgency, loose black stool, dark forehead. Huashi (Talcum), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) equal parts. Grind to powder. Take with barley juice, 1 cun bi, 3 times daily. Cure if urination increases significantly. Abdominal fullness indicates difficult treatment. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Cold damage with epistaxis: Huashi (Talcum) powder, pill-sized like wutong seeds. Take 10 pills each time, slightly chewed, swallowed with fresh water. Stops immediately. Tang Hushu said: Epistaxis results from failure to sweat when sweating is indicated. When blood is purple-black, do not stop it regardless of amount. First take mild drugs to regulate Ying/Wei; when blood turns bright red, urgently take this drug to stop it. (*Benshi Fang*)
Milky stone activation, irritability and thirst: Huashi (Talcum) powder 0.5 liang, water 1 bowl, squeeze out white juice, take at once. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Sudden vomiting and inability to eat: Raw Huashi (Talcum) powder 2 qian bi, take with warm water, still press down with half a zhan of fine flour. (Kou Zhi *Yanyi*)
Qi congestion, guan-ge obstruction, strangury with accumulation, irritability and pain below navel. Huashi (Talcum) powder 1 liang, mix with water and take. (*Guangli Fang*)
Urinary retention: Huashi (Talcum) powder 1 sheng, mix with Cheqian juice, apply around umbilicus, 4 cun square. Change when dry. In winter, mix with water. (Yang Shi *Chanru*)
Women's bladder torsion, caused by holding urine too long. Huashi (Talcum) powder, take 2 qian with scallion soup. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Pregnancy strangury, inability to urinate: Huashi (Talcum) powder mixed with water, mud applied 2 cun below umbilicus. (*Waitai Mi Yao*)
Hidden summerheat watery diarrhea: Bailong Wan: Huashi (Talcum) (fire-processed) 1 liang, Liuhuang (Sulfur) 4 qian. Grind to powder, make pills with wheat paste, size of mung beans. Take with light ginger soup according to age/size. (*Puji Fang*)
Hidden summerheat vomiting/diarrhea, or vomiting, or diarrhea, or malaria, red urine, irritability/thirst. Yuye San: Use Guifu Huashi (Talcum) (burned) 4 liang, Huoxiang (Patchouli) 1 qian, Dingxiang (Clove) 1 qian. Grind to powder, take 2 qian with rice soup. (*Puji Fang*)
Cholera and malaria: Same formula as above.
Smallpox madness, grasping clothes/bed, high fever with desire to drink. Use Yiyuan San, add Zhusha (Cinnabar) 2 qian, Bingpian (Borneol) 3 fen, Shexiang (Musk) 1 fen. Take with lampwick soup, 2-3 doses. (Wang Shi *Douzhen Fang*) Wind-toxin hot sores, yellow fluid all over body. Apply Guifu Huashi (Talcum) powder; heal next day. First wash with equal parts Huzhang (Polygonum cuspidatum Rhizome), Wandou (Pea), Gancao (Licorice Root) decoction, then apply. (*Puji Fang*)
Genital wetness/sweating: Huashi (Talcum) 1 liang, Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (calcined) 0.5 liang, Kubaijian (White Alum) a little. Grind and sprinkle. (*Jijian Fang*)
Toe web rot: Same formula as above.
Beating wound swelling/pain: Huashi (Talcum), Chishizhi (Red Halloysite), Dahuang (Rhubarb) equal parts. Grind to powder. Wash clean with tea water, apply. (Zhao Shi *Jingyan Fang*)
Strange heat-toxin disease, red eyes/swollen nose, severe panting, macules all over body, hair like iron. Due to internal heat, toxic vapors accumulating in lower jiao. Use Huashi (Talcum), Baijian (White Alum) each 1 liang. Grind to powder, one dose. Water 3 bowls, decoct to half, cool, drink continuously. (Xia Zi Yi *Qiji Fang*)