（《本经》上品）
【释名】枸 （《尔雅》。音计。《本经》作枸忌）、枸棘（《衍义》）、苦杞（《诗疏》）、
红菜头（《图经》）、天精（《抱朴》）、地骨（《本经》）、地辅（《本经》）、地仙（《日华》）、
却暑（《别
时珍曰∶枸、杞二树名。此物棘如枸之刺，茎如杞之条，故兼名之。道书言∶千载枸杞，
其形如犬，故得枸名，未审然否？颂曰∶仙人杖有三种∶一是枸杞；一是菜类，叶似苦苣；
一是枯死竹竿之色黑者也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶枸杞生常山平泽，及诸丘陵阪岸。
颂曰∶今处处有之。春生苗，叶如石榴叶而软薄堪食，俗呼为红菜头。其茎干高三、五
尺，作丛。六月、七月生小红紫花。随便结红实，形微长如枣核。其根名地骨。《诗·小雅》
云∶集于苞杞。陆机《诗疏》云∶一名苦杞。春生，作羹茹微苦。其茎似莓。其子秋熟，正
赤。茎、叶及子服之，轻身益气。今人相传谓枸杞与枸棘二种相类。其实形长而枝无刺者，
真枸杞也。圆而有刺者，枸棘也，不堪入药。马志注溲疏条云∶溲疏有刺，枸杞无刺，以此
为别。溲疏亦有巨骨之名，如枸杞之名地骨，当亦相类，用之宜辨。或云∶溲疏以高硕者为
别，是不然也。今枸杞极有高硕者，入药尤神良。宗 曰∶枸杞、枸棘，徒劳分别。凡杞未
有无刺者。虽大至于成架，尚亦有棘。但此物小则刺多，大则刺少，正如酸枣与棘，其实一
物也。
而又以甘州者为绝品。今陕之兰州、灵州、九原以西枸杞，并是大树，其叶浓根粗。河西及
甘州者，其子圆如樱桃，曝干紧小少核，干亦红润甘美，味如葡萄，可作果食，异于他处者。
沈存中《笔谈》亦言∶陕西极边生者高丈余，大可作柱。叶长数寸，无刺。根皮如浓朴。则
入药大抵以河西者为上也。《种树书》言∶收子及掘根种于肥壤中，待苗生，剪为蔬食，甚
佳。
【气味】枸杞∶苦，寒，无毒。
《别录》曰∶根∶大寒。子∶微寒，无毒。冬采根，春、夏采叶，秋采茎、实
权曰∶枸杞∶甘，平。子、叶同。
宗 曰∶枸杞当用梗皮，地骨当用根皮，子当用红实。其皮寒，根大寒，子微寒。今人
多用其子为补肾药，是未曾考竟经意，当量其虚实冷热用之。
时珍曰∶今考《本经》只云枸杞，不指是根、茎、叶、子。《别录》乃增根大寒、子微
寒字，似以枸杞为苗。而甄氏《药性论》乃云枸杞甘、平，子、叶皆同，似以枸杞为根；寇
氏《衍义》又以枸杞为梗皮，皆是臆说。按∶陶弘景言枸杞根、实为服食家用。西河女子服
枸杞法，根、茎、叶、花、实俱采用。则《本经》所列气味主治，盖通根、苗、花、实而言，
初无分别也。后世以枸杞子为滋补药，地骨皮为退热药，始歧而二之。窃谓枸杞苗叶味苦甘
而气凉，根味甘淡气寒，子味甘气平。气味既殊，则功用当别。此后人发前人未到之处者也。
【主治】枸杞∶主五内邪气，热中消渴，周痹风湿。久服，坚筋骨，轻身不老，耐寒暑
（《本经》）。下胸胁气，客热头痛，补内伤大劳嘘吸，强阴，利大小肠（《别录》）。补精气
诸不足，易颜色，变白，明目安神
【发明】时珍曰∶此乃通指枸杞根、苗、花、实并用之功也。其单
苗
【气味】苦，寒。权曰∶甘，平。
时珍曰∶甘，凉。伏砒、砂。
【主治】除烦益志，补五劳七伤，壮心气，去皮肤骨节间风，消热毒，散疮肿（大明）。
和羊肉作羹，益人，除风明目。
作饮代茶，止渴，消热烦，益阳事，解面毒，与乳酪相恶。汁注目中，去风障赤膜昏痛
（甄权）。
去上焦心肺客热（时珍）。
地骨皮
【修治】 曰∶凡使根，掘得以东流水浸，刷去土，捶去心，以熟甘草汤浸一宿，焙干。
【气味】苦，寒。《别录》曰∶大寒。权曰∶甘，平。
时珍曰∶甘、淡，寒。
杲曰∶苦，平、寒。升也，阴也。
好古曰∶入足少阴、手少阳经。制硫黄、丹砂。
【主治】细锉，拌面煮熟，吞之，去肾家风，益精气（甄权）。
去骨热消渴（孟诜）。
解骨蒸肌热消渴，风湿痹，坚筋骨，凉血（元素）。
治在表无定之风邪，传尸有汗之骨蒸（李杲）。泻肾火，降肺中伏火，去胞中火，退热，
补正气
煎汤嗽口，止齿血，治骨槽风（吴瑞）。治金疮神验（陈
枸杞子
【修治】时珍曰∶凡用拣净枝梗，取鲜明者洗净，酒润一
【气味】苦，寒。权曰∶甘，平。
【主治】坚筋骨，耐老，除风，去虚劳，补精气（孟诜）。主心病嗌干心痛，渴而引饮；
肾病消中
【发明】弘景曰∶枸杞叶作羹，小苦。俗谚云∶去家千里，勿食萝摩、枸杞。此言二物
补益精气，强盛阴道也。枸杞根、实为服食家用，其说甚美，名为仙人之杖，远有旨乎？
颂曰∶茎、叶及子，服之轻身益气。《淮南枕中记》载∶西河女子服枸杞法∶正月上寅
采根，二月上卯治服之；三月上辰采茎，四月上巳治服之；五月上午采其叶，六月上未治服
之；七月上申采花，八月上酉治服之；九月上戌采子，十月上亥治服之；十一月上子采根，
十二月上丑治服之。又有花、实、根、茎、叶作煎，或单榨子汁煎膏服之者，其功并同。世
传蓬莱县南丘村多枸杞，高者一、二丈，其根盘结甚固。其乡人多寿考，亦饮食其水土之气
使然。又润州开元寺大井旁生枸杞，岁久。土人目为枸杞井，云饮其水甚益人也。
曰∶其根似物形状者为上。
时珍曰∶按∶刘禹锡《枸杞井诗》云∶僧房药树依寒井，井有清泉药有灵。翠黛叶生笼
石，殷红子熟照铜瓶。枝繁本是仙人杖，根老能成瑞犬形。上品功能甘露味，还知一勺可
延龄。又《续仙传》云∶朱孺子见溪侧二花犬，逐入于枸杞丛下。掘之得根，形如二犬。烹
而食之，忽觉身轻。周密《浩然斋日抄》云∶宋徽宗时，顺州筑城，得枸杞于土中，其形如
状，驰献阙下，乃仙家所谓千岁枸杞，其形如犬者。据前数说，则枸杞之滋益不独子，而
根亦不止于退热而已。但根、苗、子之气味稍殊，而主治亦未必无别。盖其苗乃天精，苦甘
而凉，上焦心肺客热者宜之；根乃地骨，甘淡而寒，下焦肝肾虚热者宜之。此皆三焦气分之
药，所谓热淫于内、泻以甘寒也。至于子则甘平而润，性滋而补，不能退热，只能补肾润肺，
生精益气。此乃平补之药，所谓精不足者、补之以味也。分而用之，则各有所主；兼而用之，
则一举两得。世人但知用黄芩、黄连，苦寒以治上焦之火；黄柏、知母，苦寒以治下焦阴火。
谓之补阴降火，久服致伤元气。而不知枸杞、地骨甘寒平补，使精气充而邪火自退之妙，惜
哉！予尝以青蒿佐地骨退热，屡有殊功，人所未喻者。兵部尚书刘松石，讳天和，麻城人。
所集《保寿堂方》载地仙丹云∶昔有异人赤脚张，传此方于猗氏县一老人，服之寿百余，行
走如飞，发白反黑，齿落更生，阳事强健。此药性平，常服能除邪热，明目轻身。春采枸杞
叶，名天精草；夏采花，名长生草；秋采子，名枸杞子；冬采根，名地骨皮。并阴干，用无
灰酒浸一夜，晒露四十九昼夜，取日精月华气，待干为末，炼蜜丸如弹子大。每早晚各用一
丸细嚼，以隔夜百沸汤下。此药采无刺味甜者，其有刺者服之无益。
【附方】旧十，新二十三。
枸杞煎∶治虚劳，退虚热，轻身益气，令一切痈疽永不发。用枸杞三十斤（春夏用茎、
叶，秋冬用根、实），以水一石，煮取五斗，以滓再煮取五斗，澄清去滓，再煎取二斗，入
锅煎如饧收之。每早酒服一合。（《千金方》）。
金髓煎∶枸杞子逐日摘红熟者，不拘多少，以无灰酒浸之，蜡纸封固，勿令泄气。两月
足，取入沙盆中擂烂，滤取汁，同浸酒入银锅内，慢火熬之不住手搅，恐粘住不匀。候成膏
如饧，净瓶密收。每早温酒服二大匙，夜卧再服。百日身轻气壮，积年不辍，可以羽化也。
（《经验方
枸杞酒∶《外台秘要》云∶补虚，去劳热，长肌肉，益颜色，肥健人，治肝虚冲感下泪。
用生枸杞子五升，捣破，绢袋盛，浸好酒二斗中，密封勿泄气，二七日。服之任性，勿醉。
《经验后方》∶枸杞酒∶变白，耐老轻身。用枸杞子二升（十月壬癸日，面东采之），以好酒
二升，瓷瓶内浸三七日。乃添生地黄汁三升，搅匀密封。至立春前三十日，开瓶。每空心暖
饮一盏，至立春后髭发却黑。勿食芜荑、葱、蒜。
四神丸∶治肾经虚损，眼目昏花，或云翳遮睛。甘州枸杞子一斤（好酒润透，分作四分∶
四两用蜀椒一两炒，四两用小茴香一两炒，四两用芝麻一两炒，四两用川楝肉一两炒，拣出
枸杞），加熟地黄、白术、白茯苓各一两，为末，炼蜜丸，日服。（《瑞竹堂方》）。
肝虚下泪∶枸杞子二升，绢袋盛，浸一斗酒中（密封）三七日，饮之。（《千金方》）。
目赤生翳∶枸杞子捣汁，日点三、五次，神验。（《肘后方》）。
面 ∶枸杞子十斤，生地黄三斤。为末。每服方寸匕，温酒下，日三服。久则童颜。
（《圣惠方》）。
注夏虚病∶枸杞子、五味子，研细，滚水泡，封三日，代茶饮效。（《摄生方》）。
地骨酒∶壮筋骨，补精髓，延年耐老。枸杞根、生地黄、甘菊花各一斤，捣碎，以水一
石，煮取汁五斗，炊糯米五斗，细曲拌匀，入瓮如常封酿。待熟澄清，日饮三盏。（《圣济
总录》）。
虚劳客热∶枸杞根，为末。白汤调服。有痼疾人勿服。（《千金方》）。
骨蒸烦热及一切虚劳烦热，大病后烦热，并用地仙散∶地骨皮二两，防风一两，甘草（炙）
半两。每用五钱，生姜五片，水煎服。（《济生方》）。
热劳如燎∶地骨皮二两，柴胡一两，为末。每服二钱，麦门冬汤下。（《圣济总录》）。
虚劳苦渴，骨节烦热，或寒∶用枸杞根白皮（切）五升，麦门冬三升，小麦二升，水二
斗，煮至麦熟，去滓。每服一升，口渴即饮。（《千金方》）。
肾虚腰痛∶枸杞根、杜仲、萆 各一斤，好酒三斗渍之，罂中密封，锅中煮一日。饮之
任意。（《千金方》）。
吐血不止∶枸杞根、子、皮为散，水煎。日日饮之。（《圣济总录》）。
小便出血∶新地骨皮洗净，捣自然汁（无汁则以水煎汁）。每服一盏，入酒少许，食前
温服。（《简便方》）。
带下脉数∶枸杞根一斤，生地黄五斤，酒一斗，煮五升。日日服之。（《千金方》）。
天行赤目暴肿∶地骨皮三斤，水三斗，煮三升，去滓，入盐一两，取二升。频频洗点。
（陇上谢道人《天竺经》）。
风虫牙痛∶枸杞根白皮，煎醋漱之，虫即出。亦可煎水饮。（《肘后方》）。
口舌糜烂∶地骨皮汤∶治膀胱移热于小肠，上为口糜，生疮溃烂，心胃壅热，水谷不下。
用柴胡、地骨皮各三钱，水煎服之。（东垣《兰室秘藏》）。
小儿耳疳∶生于耳后，肾疳也。地骨皮一味，煎汤洗之。仍以香油调末搽之。（高文虎
《蓼花洲闲录》）。
气 疳疮多年不愈者∶应效散（又名托里散）∶用地骨皮（冬月者）为末。每用纸捻蘸
入疮内。频用自然生肉。更以米饮服二钱，一日三服。（《外科精义》）。
男子下疳∶先以浆水洗之，后搽地骨皮末。生肌止痛。（《卫生宝鉴》）。
妇人阴肿或生疮∶枸杞根煎水，频洗。（《永类方》）。
十三种疔∶春三月上建日采叶（名天精），夏三月上建日采枝（名枸杞），秋三月上建日
采子（名却老），冬三月上建日采根（名地骨），并曝干为末（如不得依法采，但得一种亦可），
用
绯缯一片裹药。牛黄一梧桐子大，反钩棘针三七枚，赤小豆七粒，为末。先于缯上铺乱发一
鸡子大，乃铺牛黄等末，卷作团，以发束定，熨斗中炒令沸，沸定，刮捣为末。以一方寸匕，
合前枸杞末二匕，空心酒服二钱半，日再服。（《千金方》）。
痈疽恶疮，脓血不止∶地骨皮不拘多少，洗净，刮去粗皮，取细白穣。以粗皮同骨煎汤
洗，令脓血尽。以细穣贴之，立效。有一朝士，腹胁间病疽经岁。或以地骨皮煎汤淋洗，出
血一、二升。家人惧，欲止之。病者曰∶疽似少快。更淋之，用五升许，血渐淡乃止。以细
穣贴之，次日结痂愈。（唐慎微《本草》）。
瘭疽出汁，着手、足、肩、背，累累如赤豆∶用枸杞根、葵根叶煮汁，煎如饴，随意服
之。（《千金方》）。
足趾鸡眼，作痛作疮∶地骨皮同红花研细敷之，次日即愈。（《闺阁事宜》）。
火赫毒疮∶此患急防毒瓦斯入心腹。枸杞叶捣汁服，立瘥。（《肘后方》）。
目涩有翳∶枸杞叶二两，车前叶一两， 汁，以桑叶裹，悬阴地一夜。取汁点之，不过
三、五度。（《十便良方》）。
五劳七伤，庶事衰弱∶枸杞叶半斤（切），粳米二合，豉汁和，煮作粥，日日食之良。（《经
验后方》）。
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【释名】枸（出自《尔雅》，读音为“计”。《神农本草经》写作“枸忌”）、枸棘（出自《证类本草·衍义》）、苦杞（出自《毛诗正义·疏》）、红菜头（出自《本草图经》）、天精（出自《抱朴子》）、地骨（出自《神农本草经》）、地辅（出自《神农本草经》）、地仙（出自《日华子本草》）、却暑（出自《名医别录》）。
李时珍说：枸和杞是两种树的名称。这种植物的刺像枸树的刺，茎像杞树的枝条，所以兼取这两个名字命名。道家书籍记载：千年的枸杞，形状像狗，因此得名“枸”，不知是否如此？苏颂说：仙人杖有三种：一种是枸杞；一种是蔬菜类，叶子像苦苣菜；一种是枯死竹竿颜色发黑的。
【集解】《名医别录》说：枸杞生长在常山的平地和沼泽，以及各地的丘陵、山坡和河岸。
苏颂说：现在到处都有生长。春天生苗，叶子像石榴叶那样柔软薄嫩，可以吃，俗称为红菜头。它的茎干高三五尺，成丛生长。六月、七月开小红紫色的花。随时结出红色的果实，形状微长像枣核。它的根叫地骨。《诗经·小雅》说：“聚集在茂盛的枸杞上。”陆机《毛诗疏》说：又名苦杞。春天生长，做羹汤吃味道微苦。它的茎像莓草。它的果实秋天成熟，颜色正红。茎、叶和果实服用后，能使人身体轻便、益气。现在的人相传认为枸杞和枸棘两种相似。其实果实形状长且枝条没有刺的，是真枸杞。圆形且有刺的，是枸棘，不能入药。马志注释溲疏条时说：溲疏有刺，枸杞无刺，以此作为区别。溲疏也有巨骨的名字，就像枸杞有地骨的名字，应当也是相似的，使用时应该辨别。有人说：溲疏以高大硕壮者为区别，这是不对的。现在的枸杞极有高大硕壮的，入药尤其神效良验。寇宗奭说：枸杞、枸棘，徒劳去分别。凡是杞树没有无刺的。虽然大到长成架子，仍然有刺。只是这植物小的时候刺多，大的时候刺少，正如酸枣和棘刺，其实是同一种东西。
而且以甘州出产的为绝品。现在陕西的兰州、灵州、九原以西的枸杞，都是大树，叶子浓密根粗壮。河西及甘州产的，果实圆如樱桃，晒干后紧小核少，皮也红润甘美，味道像葡萄，可以作为果品食用，不同于其他地方。沈括《笔谈》也说：陕西极边生长的有一丈多高，粗大可以做柱子。叶子长几寸，没有刺。根皮像厚朴。那么入药大概以河西产的为上等。《种树书》说：收集种子及挖掘根部种在肥沃土壤中，等苗生出，剪下来当蔬菜吃，很好。
【气味】枸杞：味苦，性寒，无毒。
《名医别录》说：根：大寒。子：微寒，无毒。冬天采根，春夏采叶，秋天采茎、实。
甄权说：枸杞：味甘，性平。子、叶相同。
寇宗奭说：枸杞应当用梗皮，地骨应当用根皮，子应当用红实。它的皮寒，根大寒，子微寒。现在的人多用其子作为补肾药，这是未曾考究透彻经文的意旨，应当根据虚实冷热来使用。
李时珍说：现在考证《神农本草经》只说枸杞，不指明是根、茎、叶、子。《名医别录》才增加根大寒、子微寒的字样，似乎把枸杞当作苗。而甄氏《药性论》却说枸杞甘、平，子、叶皆同，似乎把枸杞当作根；寇氏《衍义》又把枸杞当作梗皮，都是主观臆测。按：陶弘景说枸杞根、实为服食家用。西河女子服枸杞法，根、茎、叶、花、实都采用。那么《神农本草经》所列的气味主治，大概是通指根、苗、花、实而言，起初并没有分别。后世把枸杞子作为滋补药，地骨皮作为退热药，才开始分歧为二。我认为枸杞苗叶味苦甘而气凉，根味甘淡气寒，子味甘气平。气味既然不同，那么功用应当有别。这是后人阐发了前人未到的地方。
【主治】枸杞：主治五脏邪气，热中消渴，周身痹痛风湿。长期服用，坚固筋骨，身体轻便不老，耐寒暑（《神农本草经》）。下胸胁气，客热头痛，补内伤大劳嘘吸，强阴，利大小肠（《名医别录》）。补精气诸不足，改变颜色，变白，明目安神。
【发明】李时珍说：这是通指枸杞根、苗、花、实并用之功。其单用苗……
【气味】苦，寒。甄权说：甘，平。
李时珍说：甘，凉。畏砒霜、朱砂。
【主治】除烦益志，补五劳七伤，壮心气，去皮肤骨节间风，消热毒，散疮肿（孟诜）。
和羊肉做羹，对人有益，除风明目。
做饮料代替茶，止渴，消热烦，益阳事，解面毒，与乳酪相恶。汁液滴入眼中，去风障赤膜昏痛（甄权）。
去上焦心肺客热（李时珍）。
【修治】雷敩说：凡是用根，挖掘出来以东流水浸泡，刷去泥土，捶打去掉心，用熟甘草汤浸泡一夜，焙干。
【气味】苦，寒。《名医别录》说：大寒。甄权说：甘，平。
李时珍说：甘、淡，寒。
张元素说：苦，平、寒。升也，阴也。
李好古说：入足少阴、手少阳经。制硫黄、丹砂。
【主治】细切，拌面粉煮熟吞服，去肾家风，益精气（甄权）。
去骨热消渴（孟诜）。
解骨蒸肌热消渴，风湿痹，坚筋骨，凉血（张元素）。
治在表无定之风邪，传尸有汗之骨蒸（李杲）。泻肾火，降肺中伏火，去胞中火，退热，补正气。
煎汤漱口，止齿血，治骨槽风（吴瑞）。治金疮神验（陈藏器）。
【修治】李时珍说：凡是用，拣净枝梗，取鲜明的洗净，酒润一宿……
【主治】坚固筋骨，耐老，除风，去虚劳，补精气（孟诜）。主心病嗌干心痛，渴而引饮；肾病消中……
【发明】陶弘景说：枸杞叶做羹，味小苦。俗谚说：去家千里，勿食萝摩、枸杞。这两物补益精气，强盛阴道。枸杞根、实为服食家用，说法很美，名为仙人之杖，远有深意吗？
苏颂说：茎、叶及子，服用后轻身益气。《淮南枕中记》记载：西河女子服枸杞法：正月寅日采根，二月卯日治服；三月辰日采茎，四月巳日治服；五月午日采其叶，六月未日治服；七月申日采花，八月酉日治服；九月戌日采子，十月亥日治服；十一月子日采根，十二月丑日治服。又有花、实、根、茎、叶做煎膏，或单榨子汁煎膏服用的，功效都一样。世传蓬莱县南丘村多枸杞，高的有一二丈，根盘结很牢固。那乡人多长寿，也是饮食水土之气使然。又润州开元寺大井旁生枸杞，年代久远。当地人称为枸杞井，说喝那水非常有益于人。
雷敩说：其根似物形状的为上等。
李时珍说：按：刘禹锡《枸杞井诗》说：僧房药树依寒井，井有清泉药有灵。翠黛叶生笼石甃，殷红子熟照铜瓶。枝繁本是仙人杖，根老能成瑞犬形。上品功能甘露味，还知一勺可延龄。又《续仙传》说：朱孺子看见溪边两只花狗，追逐进入枸杞丛下。挖掘得到根，形状像两只狗。烹煮吃了它，忽然觉得身体轻便。周密《浩然斋日抄》说：宋徽宗时，顺州筑城，从土中得到枸杞，形状像狗，驰献到朝廷，就是仙家所说的千年枸杞，形状像狗的。根据前面几种说法，那么枸杞的滋益不只在于子，而根也不只在于退热而已。但是根、苗、子的气味稍有不同的，而主治也未必没有区别。大概它的苗是天精，苦甘而凉，上焦心肺客热者适宜；根是地骨，甘淡而寒，下焦肝肾虚热者适宜。这都是三焦气分的药，所谓热淫于内，泻以甘寒。至于子则甘平而润，性滋而补，不能退热，只能补肾润肺，生精益气。这是平补的药，所谓精不足者，补之以味。分开使用，则各有所主；合起来使用，则一举两得。世人只知道用黄芩、黄连，苦寒以治上焦之火；黄柏、知母，苦寒以治下焦阴火。称之为补阴降火，久服导致损伤元气。却不知道枸杞、地骨甘寒平补，使精气充盛而邪火自然消退的妙处，可惜啊！我曾经用青蒿辅助地骨退热，屡有殊功，是人所不明白的。兵部尚书刘松石，讳天和，麻城人。所集的《保寿堂方》记载地仙丹说：昔日有异人赤脚张，将此方传给猗氏县一位老人，服用后寿命百余岁，行走如飞，头发白反黑，牙齿脱落再生，阳事强健。此药性平，常服能除邪热，明目轻身。春采枸杞叶，名天精草；夏采花，名长生草；秋采子，名枸杞子；冬采根，名地骨皮。并阴干，用无灰酒浸泡一夜，晒露四十九昼夜，取日精月华气，待干为末，炼蜜丸如弹子大。每早晚各用一丸细嚼，以隔夜百沸汤送下。此药采无刺味甜的，有刺的服用无益。
【附方】旧方十首，新方二十三首。
枸杞煎：治虚劳，退虚热，轻身益气，令一切痈疽永不发。用枸杞三十斤（春夏用茎、叶，秋冬用根、实），用水一石，煮取五斗，以渣再煮取五斗，澄清去渣，再煎取二斗，入锅煎如饴糖收存。每早酒服一合。（《千金方》）。
金髓煎：枸杞子每日摘红熟的，不拘多少，用无灰酒浸泡，蜡纸封固，勿令泄气。两个月足，取入沙盆中擂烂，滤取汁，同浸酒入银锅内，慢火熬之不住手搅，恐粘住不匀。候成膏如饴糖，净瓶密收。每早温酒服二大匙，夜卧再服。百日身轻气壮，积年不辍，可以羽化也。（《经验方》）。
枸杞酒：《外台秘要》说：补虚，去劳热，长肌肉，益颜色，肥健人，治肝虚冲感下泪。用生枸杞子五升，捣破，绢袋盛，浸好酒二斗中，密封勿泄气，二十七日。服之任性，勿醉。
《经验后方》：枸杞酒：变白，耐老轻身。用枸杞子二升（十月壬癸日，面东采之），用好酒二升，瓷瓶内浸三七日。乃添生地黄汁三升，搅匀密封。至立春前三十日，开瓶。每空心暖饮一盏，至立春后髭发却黑。勿食芜荑、葱、蒜。
四神丸：治肾经虚损，眼目昏花，或云翳遮睛。甘州枸杞子一斤（好酒润透，分作四分：四两用蜀椒一两炒，四两用小茴香一两炒，四两用芝麻一两炒，四两用川楝肉一两炒，拣出枸杞），加熟地黄、白术、白茯苓各一两，为末，炼蜜丸，日服。（《瑞竹堂方》）。
肝虚下泪：枸杞子二升，绢袋盛，浸一斗酒中（密封）三七日，饮之。（《千金方》）。
目赤生翳：枸杞子捣汁，日点三、五次，神验。（《肘后方》）。
面皯：枸杞子十斤，生地黄三斤。为末。每服方寸匕，温酒下，日三服。久则童颜。（《圣惠方》）。
注夏虚病：枸杞子、五味子，研细，滚水泡，封三日，代茶饮效。（《摄生方》）。
地骨酒：壮筋骨，补精髓，延年耐老。枸杞根、生地黄、甘菊花各一斤，捣碎，以水一石，煮取汁五斗，炊糯米五斗，细曲拌匀，入瓮如常封酿。待熟澄清，日饮三盏。（《圣济总录》）。
虚劳客热：枸杞根，为末。白汤调服。有痼疾人勿服。（《千金方》）。
骨蒸烦热及一切虚劳烦热，大病后烦热，并用地仙散：地骨皮二两，防风一两，甘草（炙）半两。每用五钱，生姜五片，水煎服。（《济生方》）。
热劳如燎：地骨皮二两，柴胡一两，为末。每服二钱，麦门冬汤下。（《圣济总录》）。
虚劳苦渴，骨节烦热，或寒：用枸杞根白皮（切）五升，麦门冬三升，小麦二升，水二斗，煮至麦熟，去渣。每服一升，口渴即饮。（《千金方》）。
肾虚腰痛：枸杞根、杜仲、萆薢各一斤，好酒三斗渍之，罂中密封，锅中煮一日。饮之任意。（《千金方》）。
吐血不止：枸杞根、子、皮为散，水煎。日日饮之。（《圣济总录》）。
小便出血：新地骨皮洗净，捣自然汁（无汁则以水煎汁）。每服一盏，入酒少许，食前温服。（《简便方》）。
带下脉数：枸杞根一斤，生地黄五斤，酒一斗，煮五升。日日服之。（《千金方》）。
天行赤目暴肿：地骨皮三斤，水三斗，煮三升，去渣，入盐一两，取二升。频频洗点。（陇上谢道人《天竺经》）。
风虫牙痛：枸杞根白皮，煎醋漱之，虫即出。亦可煎水饮。（《肘后方》）。
口舌糜烂：地骨皮汤：治膀胱移热于小肠，上为口糜，生疮溃烂，心胃壅热，水谷不下。用柴胡、地骨皮各三钱，水煎服之。（东垣《兰室秘藏》）。
小儿耳疳：生于耳后，肾疳也。地骨皮一味，煎汤洗之。仍以香油调末搽之。（高文虎《蓼花洲闲录》）。
气疳疮多年不愈者：应效散（又名托里散）：用地骨皮（冬月者）为末。每用纸捻蘸入疮内。频用自然生肉。更以米饮服二钱，一日三服。（《外科精义》）。
男子下疳：先以浆水洗之，后搽地骨皮末。生肌止痛。（《卫生宝鉴》）。
妇人阴肿或生疮：枸杞根煎水，频洗。（《永类方》）。
十三种疔：春三月上建日采叶（名天精），夏三月上建日采枝（名枸杞），秋三月上建日采子（名却老），冬三月上建日采根（名地骨），并曝干为末（如不得依法采，但得一种亦可），用绯缯一片裹药。牛黄一梧桐子大，反钩棘针三七枚，赤小豆七粒，为末。先于缯上铺乱发一鸡子大，乃铺牛黄等末，卷作团，以发束定，熨斗中炒令沸，沸定，刮捣为末。以一方寸匕，合前枸杞末二匕，空心酒服二钱半，日再服。（《千金方》）。
痈疽恶疮，脓血不止：地骨皮不拘多少，洗净，刮去粗皮，取细白穣。以粗皮同骨煎汤洗，令脓血尽。以细穣贴之，立效。有一朝士，腹胁间病疽经岁。或以地骨皮煎汤淋洗，出血一、二升。家人惧，欲止之。病者曰：疽似少快。更淋之，用五升许，血渐淡乃止。以细穣贴之，次日结痂愈。（唐慎微《本草》）。
瘭疽出汁，着手、足、肩、背，累累如赤豆：用枸杞根、葵根叶煮汁，煎如饴，随意服之。（《千金方》）。
足趾鸡眼，作痛作疮：地骨皮同红花研细敷之，次日即愈。（《闺阁事宜》）。
火赫毒疮：此患急防毒瓦斯入心腹。枸杞叶捣汁服，立瘥。（《肘后方》）。
目涩有翳：枸杞叶二两，车前叶一两，乳汁，以桑叶裹，悬阴地一夜。取汁点之，不过三、五度。（《十便良方》）。
五劳七伤，庶事衰弱：枸杞叶半斤（切），粳米二合，豉汁和，煮作粥，日日食之良。（《经验后方》）。
(Shangpin, High Grade) from *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica)
[Names] Gou (from *Erya*, pronounced "ji". Written as "Gouji" in *Shennong Bencao Jing*), Gouji (from *Yanyi*), Kuqi (from *Mao Shi Shu*), Hongcaitou (from *Tujing*), Tianjing (from *Baopuzi*), Digux (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*), Difux (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*), Dixian (from *Rihua Bencao*), Queshu (from *Bielu*).
Li Shizhen said: Gou and Qi are names of two trees. This plant has thorns like the Gou tree and stems like the Qi tree, hence the combined name. Daoist texts state: A thousand-year-old Lycium chinense may take the shape of a dog, thus deriving the name "Gou"; whether this is true remains uncertain. Su Song said: There are three types of Xianrenzhang (Immortal Staff): one is Lycium chinense; one is a vegetable with leaves resembling Sonchus oleraceus; the third is black dead bamboo stalks.
[Collection and Explanation] *Bielu* states: Lycium chinense grows in the plains and marshes of Changshan, as well as hills, slopes, and riverbanks everywhere.
Su Song said: It is now found everywhere. Sprouts emerge in spring; the leaves resemble those of Punica granatum but are soft and thin, edible, and commonly called Hongcaitou. The stems grow 3-5 chi high, forming clumps. Small red-purple flowers appear in June and July. Red fruits form at any time, slightly elongated like jujube pits. The root is named Digupi (Cortex Lycii). The *Classic of Poetry · Xiao Ya* says: "Gathering on lush Lycium." Lu Ji's commentary on the *Classic of Poetry* says: Also known as Kuqi. Grows in spring, tastes slightly bitter when made into soup. Its stems resemble Rubus species. Fruits ripen in autumn, bright red. Consuming stems, leaves, and fruits lightens the body and benefits qi. People currently believe Lycium chinense and Gouji are similar. The true Lycium chinense has elongated fruits and thornless branches. The round, thorny variety is Gouji, unsuitable for medicine. Ma Zhi, commenting on the entry for Deutzia scandens, notes: Deutzia scandens has thorns, Lycium chinense does not, distinguishing them. Deutzia scandens also has the name Jugux, similar to Lycium chinense's name Digux; they should be distinguished. Some say Deutzia scandens is distinguished by being tall and robust, which is incorrect. Current Lycium chinense can be very tall and robust, especially effective in medicine. Kou Zongshi said: Distinguishing between Lycium chinense and Gouji is futile. All Qi plants have thorns. Even when large enough to form a trellis, thorns remain. Smaller plants have more thorns; larger ones have fewer. Just as Sour Jujube and Ji are essentially the same thing.
Moreover, those from Ganzhou are considered supreme. Currently, Lycium chinense in Lanzhou, Lingzhou, and west of Jiuyuan in Shaanxi are large trees with dense leaves and thick roots. Those from Hexi and Ganzhou have fruits round as cherries, dried tightly small with few seeds, skin red and lustrous, sweet and beautiful, tasting like grapes, suitable as fruit, differing from other regions. Shen Kuo's *Brush Talks* also states: Those growing at the extreme border of Shaanxi are over one zhang high, thick enough for pillars. Leaves several cun long, thornless. Root bark resembles Magnolia officinalis. Thus, for medicinal use, those from Hexi are generally superior. *Book of Tree Planting* states: Collect seeds and dig roots, plant in fertile soil. When sprouts emerge, cut as vegetables, very good.
[Flavor and Nature] Lycium chinense (Stem/Leaf): Bitter, Cold, Non-toxic.
*Bielu* states: Root: Greatly Cold. Fruit: Slightly Cold, Non-toxic. Harvest roots in winter, leaves in spring and summer, stems and fruits in autumn.
Zhen Quan said: Lycium chinense: Sweet, Neutral. Fruit and leaves are the same.
Kou Zongshi said: For Lycium chinense, use stem bark; for Digupi, use root bark; for Guqizi, use red fruits. The bark is cold, root greatly cold, fruit slightly cold. People nowadays mostly use the fruit for tonifying the Kidney, failing to thoroughly examine the classic intent; it should be used according to deficiency/excess and cold/heat.
Li Shizhen said: Examining *Shennong Bencao Jing*, it only mentions Lycium chinense without specifying root, stem, leaf, or fruit. *Bielu* adds "root greatly cold, fruit slightly cold," implying Lycium refers to the herbaceous part. Zhen's *Yaoxing Lun* says Lycium is Sweet, Neutral, fruit and leaves same, implying Lycium refers to the root; Kou's *Yanyi* treats Lycium as stem bark; all are conjectures. According to Tao Hongjing, Lycium root and fruit were used for longevity practices. The method of the Woman of Xihe for consuming Lycium uses root, stem, leaf, flower, and fruit. Thus, the flavors and indications in *Shennong Bencao Jing* likely refer collectively to root, herb, flower, and fruit, originally without distinction. Later generations separated Guqizi (fruit) as a tonic and Digupi (root bark) as an antipyretic, causing divergence. I propose Lycium herb/leaves are Bitter-Sweet and Cool; root is Sweet-Bland and Cold; fruit is Sweet and Neutral. Since flavors differ, functions must differ. This is where later scholars surpassed earlier ones.
[Indications] Lycium chinense: Treats evil qi in the five viscera, heat accumulation with thirst, generalized bi syndrome with wind-dampness. Long-term use strengthens sinews and bones, lightens the body, prevents aging, and tolerates cold and heat (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Directs downward qi in chest and hypochondrium, treats external heat headache, supplements internal injury from severe fatigue and panting, strengthens Yin, promotes urination (*Bielu*). Supplements essence and qi deficiencies, improves complexion, whitens skin, brightens eyes, calms the spirit.
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: This generally refers to the combined efficacy of root, herb, flower, and fruit. Regarding the single use of the herb...
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, Cold. Zhen Quan said: Sweet, Neutral.
Li Shizhen said: Sweet, Cool. Incompatible with Arsenic and Cinnabar.
[Indications] Relieves irritability, enhances willpower, supplements Five Exhaustions and Seven Injuries, strengthens heart qi, expels wind from skin and joints, clears heat toxins, disperses sores (Meng Shen).
Made into soup with mutton, beneficial to humans, expels wind and brightens eyes.
Drunk as tea, stops thirst, clears heat and irritability, benefits Yang function, resolves facial toxins, incompatible with milk and cheese. Juice instilled into eyes removes wind-induced membranes and blurred vision (Zhen Quan).
Clears external heat in Upper Jiao Heart and Lung (Li Shizhen).
Digupi (Root Bark)
[Preparation] Lei Xiao said: When using roots, dig them up, soak in flowing eastward water, brush off dirt, beat out the core, soak in cooked Licorice decoction overnight, then dry by baking.
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, Cold. *Bielu* states: Greatly Cold. Zhen Quan said: Sweet, Neutral.
Li Shizhen said: Sweet, Bland, Cold.
Zhang Yuansu said: Bitter, Neutral/Cold. Ascending, Yin.
Li Haogu said: Enters Foot Shaoyin and Hand Shaoyang meridians. Modulates Realgar and Orpiment.
[Indications] Finely chopped, mixed with flour, boiled, and swallowed, expels Kidney wind, benefits essence and qi (Zhen Quan).
Expels bone heat and thirst (Meng Shen).
Resolves bone-steaming muscle heat and thirst, wind-damp bi, strengthens sinews and bones, cools blood (Zhang Yuansu).
Treats不定 wind pathogens on the exterior, bone-steaming with sweating in consumption diseases (Li Gao). Purges Kidney fire, descends latent fire in Lungs, clears fire in the bladder, reduces fever, supplements healthy qi.
Decoction for gargling stops tooth bleeding, treats osteomyelitis of the jaw (Wu Rui). Miraculous for traumatic injuries (Chen Cangqi).
Guqizi (Fruit)
[Preparation] Li Shizhen said: When using, pick clean of branches, select bright ones, wash, moisten with wine for one night...
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, Cold. Zhen Quan said: Sweet, Neutral.
[Indications] Strengthens sinews and bones, promotes longevity, expels wind, removes deficiency-fatigue, supplements essence and qi (Meng Shen). Treats Heart disease with dry throat and chest pain, thirst with excessive drinking; Kidney disease with middle-jiao diabetes...
[Elucidation] Tao Hongjing said: Lycium leaf soup is slightly bitter. Folk proverb: Travel a thousand miles from home, do not eat Metaplexis japonica or Lycium. These two supplement essence and qi, strengthen sexual function. Lycium root and fruit are used for longevity practices; the description is excellent, named Immortal Staff, carrying deep meaning?
Su Song said: Stems, leaves, and fruits, when consumed, lighten the body and benefit qi. *Huainanzi: Zhenzhong Ji* records the method of the Woman of Xihe for consuming Lycium: First month, Yin day harvest root, Second month, Mao day prepare and consume; Third month, Chen day harvest stem, Fourth month, Si day prepare and consume; Fifth month, Wu day harvest leaves, Sixth month, Wei day prepare and consume; Seventh month, Shen day harvest flowers, Eighth month, You day prepare and consume; Ninth month, Xu day harvest fruit, Tenth month, Hai day prepare and consume; Eleventh month, Zi day harvest root, Twelfth month, Chou day prepare and consume. There are also preparations making extracts from flowers, fruits, roots, stems, and leaves, or extracting juice from fruits alone; their effects are identical. Legend has it that Nanqiu Village in Penglai County has much Lycium, some one or two zhang high, roots firmly intertwined. Locals live long lives, attributed to the qi of their food and water. Also, near the Great Well of Kaiyuan Temple in Runzhou, old Lycium grows. Locals call it Lycium Well, saying drinking its water is very beneficial.
Lei Xiao said: Roots resembling animal shapes are superior.
Li Shizhen said: According to Liu Yuxi's *Poem on Lycium Well*: "Medicine tree in monk's quarters leans against the cold well, / Well has clear spring, medicine has spirit. / Emerald leaves cover stone jar, / Bright red ripe fruits shine on copper vase. / Branches lush, originally Immortal Staff; / Roots old, able to form auspicious dogs. / Top-grade function like nectar taste, / Know that one spoon can prolong life." Also *Continued Biographies of Immortals* states: Zhu Ruzi saw two spotted dogs by the stream, chased them under a Lycium bush. Dug up roots shaped like two dogs. Cooked and ate them, suddenly felt body lightness. Zhou Mi's *Haoran Zhai Daily Notes* states: During Emperor Huizong of Song, building walls in Shenzhou, Lycium was found in soil, shaped like a dog, sent rapidly to court, namely the thousand-year Lycium mentioned by immortals, shaped like a dog. Based on these accounts, the nourishing power of Lycium is not limited to the fruit, nor is the root limited to reducing fever. However, the flavors of root, herb, and fruit differ slightly, and indications may also differ. Generally, the herb is Tianjing, Bitter-Sweet and Cool, suitable for external heat in Upper Jiao Heart and Lung; the root is Digux, Sweet-Bland and Cold, suitable for deficiency-heat in Lower Jiao Liver and Kidney. These are medicines for the Qi aspect of the Three Jiao, as stated: "When heat dominates internally, purge with Sweet-Cold." As for the fruit, it is Sweet-Neutral and Moist, nature nourishing and tonifying, cannot reduce fever, only tonifies Kidney and moistens Lung, generates essence and benefits qi. This is a neutral tonic, as stated: "When essence is insufficient, tonify with flavor." Used separately, each has specific indications; used together, both goals are achieved. People only know using Scutellaria baicalensis and Phellodendron amurense, Bitter-Cold to treat Upper Jiao fire; Phellodendron amurense and Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Bitter-Cold to treat Lower Jiao Yin fire. Called tonifying Yin and descending fire, long-term use damages healthy qi. They do not know the wonder of Lycium and Digupi, Sweet-Cold and neutral tonification, making essence and qi full so evil fire retreats naturally. Alas! I once used Artemisia annua to assist Digupi in reducing fever, achieving remarkable results, which people did not understand. Liu Songshi, Minister of War, courtesy name Tianhe, from Macheng. His collected *Baoshou Tang Formulas* records Dixian Dan: Once an extraordinary person, Barefoot Zhang, passed this formula to an old man in Yishi County. After taking it, he lived over a hundred years, walked swiftly, white hair turned black, fallen teeth regrew, sexual function strong. This medicine is neutral in nature, regular use expels evil heat, brightens eyes, lightens body. Spring harvest Lycium leaves, named Tianjing Cao; Summer harvest flowers, named Changsheng Cao; Autumn harvest fruit, named Guqizi; Winter harvest root, named Digupi. Shade dry, soak in non-ash wine for one night, expose to sun and dew for forty-nine days, absorb qi of sun and moon, dry and powder, refine honey into pills size of bullet. Chew one pill finely morning and evening, swallow with overnight boiling water. Select thornless, sweet-tasting parts; thorny ones are useless.
[Attached Formulas] Ten old, twenty-three new.
Lycium Decoction: Treats deficiency-fatigue, reduces deficiency-heat, lightens body, benefits qi, prevents all carbuncles and ulcers. Use thirty jin of Lycium (stems/leaves in spring/summer, roots/fruits in autumn/winter), boil in one shi of water to obtain five dou, boil dregs again to obtain five dou, clarify and strain, boil down to two dou, cook until like syrup. Take one ge with wine every morning. (*Qianjin Fang*).
Golden Marrow Decoction: Pick ripe red Lycium fruits daily, any amount, soak in non-ash wine, seal with wax paper to prevent leakage. After two months, pound in mortar, filter juice, mix with soaking wine in silver pot, simmer slowly stirring constantly to avoid sticking. When thick like syrup, store in clean bottle. Take two large spoons with warm wine every morning, twice at night. After one hundred days, body light and qi strong; if continued for years, one may achieve transcendence. (*Jingyan Fang*)
Lycium Wine: *Waitai Miyao* states: Tonifies deficiency, removes labor-heat, grows flesh, improves complexion, fattens and strengthens, treats liver deficiency with tearing. Use five sheng raw Lycium fruits, crush, put in silk bag, soak in two dou good wine, seal tight, twenty-seven days. Drink as desired, do not get drunk.
*Jingyan Houfang*: Lycium Wine: Turns hair white back to black, promotes longevity and lightness. Use two sheng Lycium fruits (harvest facing east on Ren/Gui days in October), soak in two dou good wine in porcelain bottle for twenty-one days. Add three sheng fresh Rehmannia juice, mix well, seal. Open thirty days before Start of Spring. Drink one cup warm on empty stomach; after Start of Spring, beard and hair turn black. Do not eat Elsholtzia, scallion, garlic.
Four Spirits Pill: Treats Kidney meridian deficiency, blurry vision, or nebula covering pupil. One jin Ganzhou Lycium fruits (moisten with good wine, divide into four parts: one liang Sichuan pepper stir-fried with one quarter, one liang fennel stir-fried with one quarter, one liang sesame stir-fried with one quarter, one liang Toosendan fruit stir-fried with one quarter, remove Lycium), add one liang each prepared Rehmannia, Atractylodes macrocephala, Poria cocos, powder, refine honey into pills, take daily. (*Ruizhutang Fang*)
Liver Deficiency with Tearing: Two sheng Lycium fruits, silk bag, soak in one dou wine (sealed) for twenty-one days, drink. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Red Eyes with Nebula: Pound Lycium fruits into juice, instill three to five times daily, miraculous. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Facial Freckles/Darkening: Ten jin Lycium fruits, three jin fresh Rehmannia. Powder. Take one cun bi dose with warm wine, three times daily. Long term yields youthful face. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Summer Weakness Disease: Lycium fruits, Schisandra chinensis, grind fine, steep in boiling water, seal three days, drink as tea effective. (*Shesheng Fang*)
Digupi Wine: Strengthens sinews and bones, supplements essence and marrow, prolongs life and promotes longevity. One jin each Lycium root, fresh Rehmannia, Chrysanthemum morifolium, crush, boil in one shi water to obtain five dou juice, cook five dou glutinous rice, mix with fine yeast, ferment in urn as usual. When ready, clarify, drink three cups daily. (*Shengji Zonglu*)
Deficiency-Fatigue with External Heat: Lycium root, powder. Mix with plain water. Contraindicated for chronic disease patients. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Bone-Steaming Irritable Heat and All Deficiency-Fatigue Irritable Heat, Post-Illness Irritable Heat: All use Dixian San: Two liang Digupi, one liang Saposhnikovia divaricata, half liang roasted Licorice. Use five qian, five slices ginger, decoct in water and take. (*Jisheng Fang*)
Heat-Labor Like Burning: Two liang Digupi, one liang Bupleurum chinense, powder. Take two qian with Ophiopogon japonicus decoction. (*Shengji Zonglu*)
Deficiency-Fatigue with Bitter Thirst, Bone Joint Irritable Heat or Chills: Five sheng white bark of Lycium root (cut), three sheng Ophiopogon japonicus, two sheng wheat, two dou water, boil until wheat is cooked, strain. Take one sheng, drink when thirsty. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Kidney Deficiency Low Back Pain: One jin each Lycium root, Eucommia ulmoides, Dioscorea hypoglauca, soak in three dou good wine, seal in jar, boil in pot for one day. Drink as desired. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Unceasing Hemoptysis: Lycium root, fruit, bark make powder, decoct in water. Drink daily. (*Shengji Zonglu*)
Hematuria: Wash fresh Digupi, crush to extract natural juice (if no juice, decoct in water). Take one cup, add little wine, warm take before meals. (*Jianbian Fang*)
Leukorrhea with Rapid Pulse: One jin Lycium root, five jin fresh Rehmannia, one dou wine, boil to five sheng. Drink daily. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Epidemic Red Eye Sudden Swelling: Three jin Digupi, three dou water, boil to three sheng, strain, add one liang salt, obtain two sheng. Frequently wash and instill. (Xiaodaoren of Longshang, *Tianzhu Jing*)
Wind-Insect Toothache: Decoct white bark of Lycium root in vinegar, rinse, insects come out. Can also decoct in water and drink. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Mouth and Tongue Ulceration: Digupi Decoction: Treats bladder transferring heat to Small Intestine, ascending to cause mouth ulcers, sores and rotting, Heart/Stomach congestion heat, inability to eat/drink. Use three qian each Bupleurum chinense and Digupi, decoct in water and take. (Dongyuan, *Lanshi Micang*)
Pediatric Ear Carbuncle: Occurs behind ear, Kidney carbuncle. Single ingredient Digupi, decoct in water to wash. Also mix powder with sesame oil and apply. (Gao Wenhu, *Liaohuazhou Xianlu*)
Qi Carbuncle Sores Unhealed for Years: Yingxiao San (also Tuoli San): Make powder of Digupi (winter harvested). Dip paper twist into sore frequently, naturally generates flesh. Also take two qian with rice drink, three times daily. (*Waike Jingyi*)
Male Chancre: First wash with grain water, then apply Digupi powder. Generates flesh, stops pain. (*Weisheng Baojian*)
Female Vulvar Swelling or Sores: Decoct Lycium root in water, frequently wash. (*Yonglei Fang*)
Thirteen Types of Ding Sores: Harvest leaves on Shangjian days in first lunar month (name Tianjing), branches on Shangjian days in fourth month (name Gou), fruits on Shangjian days in seventh month (namequelao), roots on Shangjian days in tenth month (name Digux), sun dry and powder (if cannot follow method, one type is sufficient). Wrap medicine in crimson silk. One tungtongzi-sized Bull Calculus, thirty-seven reverse-hook thorns, seven adzuki beans, powder. First spread chicken-egg-sized loose hair on silk, then spread Bull Calculus powder, roll into ball, tie with hair, roast in iron until boiling, cool, scrape and powder. Take one fangcun bi, mix with two bi of previous Lycium powder, take with wine on empty stomach, twice daily. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Carbuncles and Malignant Sores, Unceasing Pus and Blood: Digupi any amount, wash, scrape coarse bark, take fine white pith. Boil coarse bark with bone in water to wash, let pus and blood drain completely. Apply fine pith, immediate effect. A court official had carbuncle on abdomen/flank for a year. Someone washed with Digupi decoction, discharged one or two sheng of blood. Family feared, wanted to stop. Patient said: Carbuncle feels slightly relieved. Wash again, use about five sheng, blood gradually lightened then stopped. Apply fine pith, next day scabbed and healed. (Tang Shenwei, *Bencao*)
Phrenic Abscess Discharging Fluid, spreading to hands, feet, shoulders, back, clustered like red beans: Decoct juice of Lycium root and Abelmoschus manihot root/leaves, boil until like maltose, take as desired. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Corn on Toe, Painful and Ulcerated: Grind Digupi and Carthamus tinctorius fine, apply, healed next day. (*Guige Shiyi*)
Fire-Toxin Carbuncle: Urgent to prevent poison gas entering heart/abdomen. Crush Lycium leaves into juice, take, immediately heals. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Dry Eyes with Nebula: Two liang Lycium leaves, one liang Purslane,乳汁 (milk - *Note: Text implies mixing with milk or similar fluid, literal translation 'juice' often used for plant exudates but here context suggests vehicle*), wrap in Mulberry leaf, hang in shade overnight. Take juice to instill, not exceeding three to five times. (*Shibian Liangfang*)
Five Exhaustions and Seven Injuries, General Weakness: Half jin Lycium leaves (cut), two he glutinous rice, mix with Fermented Soybean Juice, cook into porridge, eat daily is good. (*Jingyan Houfang*)