（《日华》）
【释名】时珍曰∶两旁曰牙，当中曰齿。肾主骨，齿者骨之余也。女子七月齿生，七岁
齿龀，三七肾气平而真牙生，七七肾气衰，齿槁发素。男子八月齿生，八岁齿龆，三八肾气
平而真牙生，五八肾气衰，齿槁发堕。钱乙云∶小儿变蒸蜕齿，如花之易苗。不及三十二齿
者，由蒸之不及其数也。
【气味】甘、咸，热，有毒。
【主治】除劳治疟，蛊毒瓦斯。入药烧用（大明）。治乳痈未溃，痘疮倒 （时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶近世用人牙治痘疮陷伏，称为神品。然一概用之，贻害不浅。夫齿者，
肾之标，骨之余也。痘疮则毒自肾出，方长之际，外为风寒秽气所冒，腠理闭塞，血涩不行
，毒不能出，或变黑倒 。宜用此物，以酒、麝达之，窜入肾经，发出毒瓦斯，使热令复行，
而疮自红活，盖劫剂也。若伏毒在心，昏冒不省人事，及气虚色白，痒塌不能作脓，热痱紫
泡之证，只宜解毒补虚。苟误用此，则郁闷声哑，反成不救，可不慎哉？高武《痘疹管见》
云∶左仲恕言变黑归肾者，宜用人牙散。夫既归肾矣，人牙岂能复治之乎？
【附方】旧一，新七。痘疮倒 ∶钱氏小儿方∶用人牙烧存性，入麝香少许，温酒服半
钱。闻人规《痘疹论》云∶人牙散∶治痘疮方出，风寒外袭，或变黑，或青紫，此倒 也。
宜温肌发散，使热气复行而斑自出。用人齿脱落者，不拘多少，瓦罐固济， 过出火毒，研
末。出不快而黑陷者， 猪血调下一钱；因服凉药，血涩倒陷者，入麝香，温酒服之，其
效如神。无价散∶用人牙、猫牙、猪牙、犬牙等分，火 研末，蜜水调服一字。乳痈未溃∶
人牙齿烧研，酥调贴之。（《肘后方》）五般 耳出脓血水∶人牙（烧存性），麝香少许，为末
吹之。名佛牙散。（《普济方》）漏疮恶疮，干水生肌∶用人牙灰、油发灰、雄鸡内金灰，各
等分为末。入麝香、轻粉少许，油调敷之。（《直指方》）阴疽不发，头凹沉黯，不疼无热，
服内补散不起。必用人牙（ 过）、穿山甲（炙）各一分，为末。分作两服，用当归、麻黄
煎酒
下。外以姜汁和面敷之。又方∶川乌头、硫黄、人牙（ 过）为末，酒服亦妙。（杨仁斋《直
指方》）
（引自《日华子本草》）
【释名】李时珍说：两旁长的叫“牙”，中间长的叫“齿”。肾主司骨骼，牙齿是骨骼的余气所生。女子在七个月大时长出乳齿，七岁换牙（龀），二十一岁时肾气平和，恒牙（真牙）长出；四十九岁时肾气衰退，牙齿干枯、头发变白。男子在八个月大时长出乳齿，八岁换牙（龆），二十四岁时肾气平和，恒牙（真牙）长出；四十岁时肾气衰退，牙齿干枯、头发脱落。钱乙说：小儿生长发育过程中的换牙，就像植物换苗一样自然。如果牙齿不足三十二颗，是因为生长发育过程中蒸腾之气未达到应有的数量所致。
【气味】味甘、咸，性热，有毒。
【主治】去除虚劳，治疗疟疾，蛊毒及疫疠之气。（引自《开宝本草》/《大明本草》）。治疗乳痈（乳腺炎）未溃破时，以及痘疮（天花或水痘）内陷倒靥。（李时珍）
【发明】李时珍说：近代有人用人牙治疗痘疮塌陷伏匿之症，称之为神效药物。然而一概使用，带来的危害不小。牙齿是肾的外候，是骨骼的余气。痘疮的毒素发自肾脏，在发病初期，若被风寒秽气侵袭，腠理闭塞，血液运行涩滞，毒素无法排出，或者变为黑色内陷。此时适宜使用人牙，配合酒和麝香引导药力，窜入肾经，发出毒气，使热气重新运行，从而使疮疡恢复红润鲜活，这属于一种劫夺邪气的猛剂。如果毒邪伏在心经，导致昏迷不省人事，或者气虚面色苍白，瘙痒塌陷不能化脓，以及出现热痱紫泡等症状，只宜解毒补虚。如果误用此药，会导致郁闷声哑，反而造成不可挽救的后果，怎能不谨慎呢？高武在《痘疹管见》中说：左仲恕提到对于变黑归肾的证候，适宜用人牙散。既然毒邪已经归于肾了，人牙又怎么能再治疗它呢？
【附方】旧方一个，新方七个。
痘疮内陷倒靥：钱氏小儿方：用人牙烧至存性，加入少许麝香，用温酒送服半钱。闻人规《痘疹论》记载的人牙散：治疗痘疮刚发出，外感风寒，或者颜色变黑、青紫，这就是倒靥。应当温肌发散，使热气重新运行而斑疹自出。用人齿脱落的，不拘多少，用瓦罐密封固济，煅烧以去除火毒，研成粉末。如果痘出不快且黑陷的，用猪血调服一钱；因为服用凉药导致血涩倒陷的，加入麝香，用温酒送服，效果如神。无价散：用人牙、猫牙、猪牙、犬牙各等分，火煅后研末，用蜜水调服一字量。
乳痈未溃：用人牙齿烧后研末，用酥油调和贴敷。（出自《肘后备急方》）
五般耳中流出脓血水：人牙（烧至存性），加少许麝香，研末吹入耳中。名为佛牙散。（出自《普济方》）
漏疮恶疮，干水生肌：用人牙灰、油发灰、雄鸡内金灰，各等分为末。加入少许麝香、轻粉，用油调和敷之。（出自《直指方》）
阴疽不发，头部凹陷沉黯，不疼无热，服用内补散无效。必须用人牙（煅过）、穿山甲（炙）各一分，研为末。分两次服用，用当归、麻黄煎酒送下。外用姜汁和面敷之。另一法：川乌头、硫黄、人牙（煅过）研末，酒服也很好。（杨仁斋《直指方》）
(Quoted from *Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao*)
[Names] Li Shizhen stated: Those on the sides are called "ya" (teeth/gums), and those in the middle are called "chi" (teeth). The Kidney governs the bones, and teeth are the surplus of bone essence. In girls, deciduous teeth emerge at seven months; at seven years old, they lose their baby teeth (chen); at twenty-one years old, when Kidney Qi is balanced, permanent teeth (zhen ya) emerge; at forty-nine years old, Kidney Qi declines, leading to dry teeth and white hair. In boys, deciduous teeth emerge at eight months; at eight years old, they lose their baby teeth (tiao); at twenty-four years old, when Kidney Qi is balanced, permanent teeth (zhen ya) emerge; at forty years old, Kidney Qi declines, leading to dry teeth and falling hair. Qian Yi stated: The shedding of teeth during the growth and development of children is like plants changing seedlings. If there are fewer than thirty-two teeth, it is because the "zheng" (vaporization/growth process) did not reach the required number.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, salty, hot, toxic.
[Indications] Treats exhaustion (lao), malaria, gu poison, and pestilential qi. (Cited from *Kai Bao Ben Cao* / *Da Ming Ben Cao*). Treats ru yong (breast abscess/mastitis) before ulceration, and daochuang (smallpox/chickenpox) with inverted or depressed lesions. (Li Shizhen)
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: In recent times, human teeth have been used to treat smallpox lesions that are sunken or hidden, referred to as a miraculous remedy. However, using them indiscriminately causes significant harm. Teeth are the external manifestation of the Kidney and the surplus of bone. Smallpox toxins originate from the Kidney. During the early stage of the disease, if invaded by wind-cold and turbid qi, the couli (pores) become closed, blood flow becomes stagnant, toxins cannot exit, or the lesions turn black and sink inward. In such cases, it is appropriate to use this substance, guided by wine and Moschus (Shexiang), penetrating into the Kidney meridian to expel toxic vapors, allowing heat to circulate again so that the lesions become red and vibrant. This is a drastic agent (jie ji). If toxic pathogens lodge in the Heart, causing coma and unconsciousness, or if there is Qi deficiency with pale complexion, itching and sinking without pus formation, or symptoms of heat rash and purple blisters, one should only employ detoxification and tonification of deficiency. If mistakenly used, it will cause depression and hoarseness, rendering the condition incurable. How can one not be cautious? Gao Wu, in *Dou Zhen Guan Jian*, quoted Zuo Zhongshu saying that for conditions where blackening returns to the Kidney, Ren Ya San (Human Tooth Powder) is suitable. But if the pathogen has already returned to the Kidney, how can human teeth treat it?
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription, seven new prescriptions.
Smallpox inverted/darkened lesions: Qian's Pediatric Formula: Use human teeth calcined to retain their nature, add a small amount of Moschus, and take half a qian with warm wine. Wenren Gui's *Dou Zhen Lun* records Ren Ya San: For treating smallpox just emerging, attacked by external wind-cold, turning black or cyan-purple, which is inversion. It is appropriate to warm the muscles and disperse pathogens, allowing heat to circulate so spots appear naturally. Take shed human teeth, any quantity, seal in a clay pot, calcine to remove fire toxicity, and grind into powder. If eruptions are slow and dark/sunken, mix with pig's blood and take one qian; if due to cooling herbs causing blood stagnation and sinking, add Moschus and take with warm wine; the effect is divine. Wu Jia San: Equal parts of human teeth, cat teeth, pig teeth, and dog teeth, calcined and ground into powder, taken with honey water (one zi dose).
Breast abscess not yet ulcerated: Calcine human teeth, grind into powder, mix with butter (su) and apply externally. (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*)
Pus and bloody water discharging from ears in five types: Human teeth (calcined to retain nature), small amount of Moschus, ground into powder and blown into the ear. Named Fo Ya San (Buddha Tooth Powder). (*Pu Ji Fang*)
Fistula and malignant sores, drying fluid and generating flesh: Equal parts of human tooth ash, burnt hair ash, and gallus internal golden membrane ash, ground into powder. Add small amounts of Moschus and Calomelas (Qingfen), mix with oil and apply. (*Zhi Zhi Fang*)
Yin abscess not erupting, head sunken and dull, painless and non-febrile, ineffective after taking Nei Bu San. Must use human teeth (calcined) and Pangolin scales (roasted), each one fen, ground into powder. Divide into two doses, taken with decoction of Angelica sinensis (Danggui) and Ephedra (Mahuang) in wine. Externally, apply a paste of ginger juice and flour. Another method: Aconitum carmichaelii (Chuan Wutou), sulfur, and human teeth (calcined) ground into powder, taken with wine is also excellent. (Yang Renzhai, *Zhi Zhi Fang*)