（《别录》中品）
【释名】野猫。
时珍曰∶按《埤雅》云∶豸之在里者，故从里，穴居狸伏之兽也。《尔雅》云∶狸子曰
KT（音曳）。其足蹯，其迹KT （音钮，指头处也）。
【集解】弘景曰∶狸类甚多。今人用虎狸，无用猫狸者，然猫狸亦好。又有色黄而臭者，
肉亦主鼠 。
颂曰∶狸，处处有之。其类甚多，以虎斑文者堪用，猫斑者不佳。南方一种香狸，其肉
甚香，微有麝气。
宗 曰∶狸形类猫，其纹有二∶一如连钱，一如虎纹，皆可入药。肉味与狐不相远。江
西一种牛尾狸，其尾如牛。人多糟食，未闻入药。
时珍曰∶狸有数种∶大小如狐，毛杂黄黑有斑，如猫而圆头大尾者为猫狸，善窃鸡鸭，
其气臭，肉不可食。有斑如 虎，而尖头方口者为虎狸，善食虫鼠果实，其肉不臭，可食；
似虎狸而尾有黑白钱文相间者，为九节狸，皮可供裘领，《宋史》安陆州贡野猫、花猫，即
此二种也。有纹如豹，而作麝香气者为香狸，即灵猫也。南方有白面而尾似牛者，为牛尾狸，
亦曰玉面狸，专上树木食百果，冬月极肥，人多糟为珍品，大能醒酒。张揖《广雅》云∶玉
面狸，人捕畜之，鼠皆帖伏不敢出也。一种似猫狸而绝小，黄斑色，居泽中，食虫鼠及草根
者名 （音迅）。又登州岛上有海狸
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。诜曰∶温。正月勿食，伤神。
时珍曰∶《内则》∶食狸去正脊，为不利人也。反藜芦。
【主治】诸疰（《别录》）。治风湿鬼毒瓦斯，皮中如针刺（时珍。出《太平御览》）。作羹
，治痔及鼠 ，不过三顿，甚妙
【附方】新二。
肠风痔 ，下血年深日近者∶如圣散∶用腊月野狸一枚，蟠在罐内；炒大枣半升，枳壳
半斤，甘草四两，猪牙皂荚二两，同入罐内盖定，瓦上穿一孔，盐泥固济， 令干。作一地
坑，以十字瓦支住罐子，用炭五秤， 至黑烟尽、青烟出取起，湿土罨一宿，为末。每服二
钱，盐汤下。一方∶以狸作羹，其骨烧灰酒服。（《杨氏家藏方》）风冷下血，脱肛疼痛∶野
狸一枚，大瓶盛之，泥固，火 存性，取研，入麝香二钱。每食前，米饮服二钱。（《圣惠
方》）
膏
【主治】鼷鼠咬人成疮，用此摩之，并食狸肉（时珍）。
肝
【主治】鬼疟（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
鬼疟经久，或发或止∶野猫肝一具，（瓶盛，热猪血浸之，封口，悬干去血，取肝研末），
猢狲头骨、虎头骨、狗头骨各一两，麝香一分，为末，醋糊丸芡子大。发时手把一丸嗅之，
仍以绯帛包一丸系中指上。（《圣惠方》）
阴茎
【主治】女人月水不通，男子阴 ，烧灰，东流水服（《别录》）。
骨（头骨尤良）
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】风疰、尸疰、鬼疰、毒瓦斯，在皮中淫跃如针刺者，心腹痛，走无常处，及鼠
恶疮（《别录》）。烧灰酒服，治一切游风（《日华》）。炒末，治噎病，不通饮食（《药性》）。
烧灰水服，治食野鸟肉中毒。头骨炙研或烧灰，酒服二钱，治尸疰、邪气腹痛及痔 ，十服
后见验（孟诜。宗 曰
（时珍）。
【发明】颂曰∶华佗治尸疰有狸骨散，用其头。
时珍曰∶狸骨、猫骨性相近，可通用之。《卫生宝鉴》治诸风心痫神应丹，用狸全身烧
过入药。
【附方】旧一，新一。
瘰 肿痛久不瘥。用狸头、蹄骨，并涂酥炙黄为散。每日空心米饮下一钱匕。（《圣惠》）
瘰已溃 狸头烧灰，频敷之。（《千金》）
屎（五月收干）
【主治】烧灰，水服，主鬼疟寒热（孟诜）。烧灰，和腊猪脂，敷小儿鬼舐头疮（《千金》）。
（收录于《名医别录》中品）
【释名】野猫。
李时珍说：根据《埤雅》记载：“豸”字在“里”部，所以从“里”，是指穴居潜伏的野兽。《尔雅》记载：小狸叫做“KT”（读音同“曳”）。它的脚掌有蹯，它的足迹是“KT”（读音同“钮”，指脚趾处）。
【集解】陶弘景说：狸的种类很多。现在人们使用虎狸，不使用猫狸，但猫狸也很好。又有颜色发黄且气味臭的，其肉也能主治鼠疮。
苏颂说：狸，各地都有。种类很多，以带有虎斑纹的可以使用，带猫斑纹的不佳。南方有一种香狸，其肉很香，略带麝香的气味。
寇宗奭说：狸的外形像猫，其花纹有两种：一种像连钱草，一种像虎纹，都可以入药。肉质味道与狐狸不相上下。江西有一种牛尾狸，尾巴像牛。人们多用酒糟腌制食用，没听说入药。
李时珍说：狸有好几种：大小像狐狸，毛发杂黄黑有斑纹，像猫但头圆尾大的叫猫狸，善于偷鸡鸭，气味臭，肉不可吃；有斑纹像老虎，头尖口方的叫虎狸，善于吃虫、鼠和果实，肉不臭，可以吃；像虎狸但尾巴上有黑白钱纹相间的，叫九节狸，皮可以做裘衣领子，《宋史》中安陆州进贡的野猫、花猫，就是这两种。有斑纹像豹，散发麝香气味的叫香狸，也就是灵猫。南方有白脸而尾巴像牛的，叫牛尾狸，也叫玉面狸，专门上树吃各种果实，冬天特别肥，人们多将其用酒糟腌制作为珍品，能很好地解酒。张揖《广雅》记载：玉面狸，人捕捉并饲养它，老鼠都会伏贴不敢出来。还有一种像猫狸但极小，黄斑色，生活在沼泽中，吃虫鼠及草根的叫“KT”（读音同“迅”）。另外登州岛上有海狸……（原文此处似有缺漏或断句问题，依文意译为海狸之肉）。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。陈藏器说：性温。正月不要食用，会伤神气。
李时珍说：《礼记·内则》记载：吃狸肉要去掉正中脊骨，因为对人不利于健康。反藜芦。
【主治】各种疰病（出自《名医别录》）。治疗风湿鬼毒瓦斯，皮肤中如针刺般疼痛（李时珍引自《太平御览》）。做成羹汤，治疗痔疮及鼠疮，不超过三顿，效果很好。
【附方】新方二首。
肠风痔漏，下血日久者：如圣散：取腊月野狸一只，盘踞在罐内；炒大枣半升，枳壳半斤，甘草四两，猪牙皂荚二两，一同放入罐内盖紧，在瓦片上穿一孔，用盐泥密封加固，烧令干燥。挖一个地坑，用十字形瓦片支住罐子，用炭五秤煅烧，直到黑烟尽、青烟出时取出，用湿土覆盖一夜，研成粉末。每次服用二钱，盐汤送服。另一法：将狸做成羹，将其骨头烧成灰，酒送服。（出自《杨氏家藏方》）
风冷下血，脱肛疼痛：野狸一只，盛在大瓶中，用泥密封，火煅存性，取出研细，加入麝香二钱。每餐前，米饮送服二钱。（出自《太平圣惠方》）
膏
【附方】新方一首。
鬼疟经久，或发或止：野猫肝一副（装在瓶中，用热猪血浸泡，封口，悬挂晾干去血，取肝研末），猕猴头骨、虎头骨、狗头骨各一两，麝香一分，研成粉末，醋糊制成芡实大小的丸剂。发作时手拿一丸闻嗅，仍将绯帛包好的一丸系在中指上。（出自《太平圣惠方》）
阴茎
【主治】女子月经不通，男子阴痒，烧成灰，用东流水送服（出自《名医别录》）。
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】风疰、尸疰、鬼疰、毒瓦斯，在皮肤中游动如针刺者，心腹痛，游走无常处，以及鼠恶疮（出自《名医别录》）。烧成灰酒服，治疗一切游风（出自《日华子本草》）。炒成粉末，治疗噎膈病，饮食不通（出自《药性论》）。烧成灰水服，治疗食用野鸟肉中毒。头骨炙烤研碎或烧成灰，酒服二钱，治疗尸疰、邪气腹痛及痔疮，十服后见效（孟诜。寇宗奭曰……李时珍补注）。
李时珍说：狸骨、猫骨性质相近，可以通用。《卫生宝鉴》治疗诸风心痫的神应丹，用狸全身烧过入药。
【附方】旧方一首，新方二首。
瘰疬肿痛久不愈：用狸头、蹄骨，并涂酥油炙黄为散。每日空腹米饮送下一钱匕。（出自《太平圣惠方》）
瘰疬已溃烂：狸头烧成灰，频繁敷贴患处。（出自《千金方》）
屎（五月收集晒干）
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Bie Lu* [Separate Record])
**[Names]** Wild cat.
Li Shizhen states: According to *Pi Ya*, "Zhi" (a radical for beasts) is in the "Li" (inside) component, hence it derives from "Li," referring to beasts that dwell in burrows and lie in wait. *Erya* records: The young of the Li is called "KT" (pronounced like "Ye"). Its feet have pads, and its tracks are "KT" (pronounced like "Niu," referring to the toe area).
**[Collected Explanations]** Tao Hongjing says: There are many types of Li. Currently, people use Hu Li (Tiger-striped Li), not Mao Li (Cat-like Li), although Mao Li is also good. There are also those with yellow fur and a foul odor; their meat can also treat rat sores.
Su Song says: Li is found everywhere. There are many varieties; those with tiger-like stripes are suitable for use, while those with cat-like spots are inferior. In the south, there is a type called Xiang Li (Fragrant Li); its meat is very fragrant, with a slight musk scent.
Kou Zongshi says: The shape of Li resembles a cat, and its patterns come in two types: one resembling linked coins, the other resembling tiger stripes; both can be used in medicine. The taste of the meat is not far from that of fox. In Jiangxi, there is a type called Niu Wei Li (Ox-tail Li), whose tail resembles an ox. People often pickle it in wine lees for food; it is rarely heard of being used in medicine.
Li Shizhen says: There are several kinds of Li: Those as large as foxes, with mixed yellow and black spotted fur, resembling cats but with round heads and large tails, are called Mao Li. They are adept at stealing chickens and ducks, have a foul odor, and their meat is inedible. Those with stripes like tigers, with pointed heads and square mouths, are called Hu Li. They eat insects, rats, and fruits; their meat is not foul and is edible. Resembling Hu Li but with black and white coin-like patterns on the tail, they are called Jiu Jie Li (Nine-joint Li); their skin can be used for fur collars. The *History of Song* mentions Anlu Prefecture paying tribute to wild cats and flower cats, which refer to these two types. Those with patterns like leopards and emitting a musk scent are called Xiang Li, which is also known as Ling Cat. In the south, there is a white-faced variety with an ox-like tail, called Niu Wei Li, also known as Yu Mian Li (Jade-faced Li). It climbs trees to eat various fruits, becomes extremely fat in winter, and is often pickled in wine lees as a delicacy; it is highly effective in relieving hangovers. Zhang Yi's *Guang Ya* records: Yu Mian Li, when captured and kept by humans, causes rats to cower and dare not emerge. Another type resembles Mao Li but is extremely small, with yellow spots, living in marshes and eating insects, rats, and grass roots, named "KT" (pronounced like "Xun"). Additionally, on islands in Dengzhou, there is Hai Li... (Meat of sea otter/beaver - text implies continuation).
**[Flavor and Toxicity]** Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Chen Cangqi says: Warm. Do not eat in the first lunar month, as it harms the spirit.
Li Shizhen says: *Li Ji · Nei Ze* records: When eating Li meat, remove the central spine, as it is detrimental to human health. It is incompatible with Veratrum (*Lilu*).
**[Indications]** Various Zhu diseases (from *Bie Lu*). Treats wind-dampness and ghost-toxin vapors, causing sensations like needle pricks in the skin (Li Shizhen, citing *Taiping Yulan*). Made into soup, it treats hemorrhoids and rat sores; within three doses, the effect is excellent.
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Two new prescriptions.
For intestinal wind hemorrhoids and chronic bleeding: *Ru Sheng San* (Sage Powder): Take one wild Li caught in the twelfth lunar month, coiled inside a jar; add half a sheng of stir-fried jujubes, half a jin of Aurantium Fructus (*Zhi Ke*), four taels of Licorice Root (*Gan Cao*), and two taels of Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Pod (*Zhu Ya Zao Jiao*). Place them all in the jar, seal tightly, pierce a hole in a tile cover, and seal with salt mud until dry. Dig a pit, support the jar with cross-shaped tiles, and roast with five piculs of charcoal until black smoke ceases and green smoke appears. Remove, cover with wet soil overnight, then grind into powder. Take two qian each time, washed down with salt water. Another method: Make Li into soup, burn the bones to ash, and take with wine. (From *Yang Shi Jia C Fang*)
For cold-induced lower bleeding and prolapsed anus with pain: One wild Li, placed in a large bottle, sealed with mud, roasted to preserve its nature, taken out and ground fine, mixed with two qian of Musk (*She Xiang*). Take two qian before meals with rice drink. (From *Sheng Hui Fang*)
Paste
**[Indications]** For wounds caused by Mus musculus bites, apply this paste and consume Li meat (Li Shizhen).
Liver
**[Indications]** Ghost malaria (Li Shizhen).
**[Attached Prescription]** One new prescription.
For persistent ghost malaria, recurring or stopping intermittently: One wild cat liver (place in a bottle, soak in hot pig blood, seal, hang to dry and drain blood, take the liver and grind to powder), one liang each of macaque skull bone, tiger skull bone, and dog skull bone, and one fen of Musk. Grind to powder, make pills with vinegar paste the size of Euryale seed (*Qian Shi*). At onset, hold one pill to smell, and tie another wrapped in red silk to the middle finger. (From *Sheng Hui Fang*)
Penis
**[Indications]** For women with amenorrhea and men with genital itching, burn to ash and take with flowing water from the east (from *Bie Lu*).
Bone (Skull bone is best)
**[Flavor and Toxicity]** Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
**[Indications]** Wind-Zhu, Corpse-Zhu, Ghost-Zhu, toxic vapors moving in the skin like needle pricks, heart and abdominal pain, wandering pain without fixed location, and rat malignant sores (from *Bie Lu*). Burn to ash and take with wine to treat all wandering winds (from *Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao*). Stir-fry to powder to treat dysphagia and inability to ingest food (from *Yao Xing Lun*). Burn to ash and take with water to treat poisoning from eating wild bird meat. Roast skull bone, grind, or burn to ash, take two qian with wine to treat Corpse-Zhu, evil qi abdominal pain, and hemorrhoids; efficacy seen after ten doses (Meng Shen. Kou Zongshi adds... Li Shizhen supplements).
**[Elucidation]** Su Song says: Hua Tuo treated Corpse-Zhu with Li Bone Powder, using the head.
Li Shizhen says: Li bone and cat bone have similar properties and can be used interchangeably. *Wei Sheng Bao Jian* uses the whole burned Li body in the Shen Ying Dan to treat various winds and heart epilepsy.
**[Attached Prescriptions]** One old, two new.
For scrofula swelling and pain persisting long-term: Use Li head and hoof bones, coat with butter, roast until yellow, and make into powder. Take one qian-bi with rice drink on an empty stomach daily. (From *Sheng Hui*)
For ruptured scrofula: Burn Li head to ash and apply frequently. (From *Qian Jin*)
Feces (Collected and dried in the fifth lunar month)
**[Indications]** Burn to ash, take with water, to treat ghost malaria chills and fever (Meng Shen). Burn to ash, mix with cured pig lard, and apply to infant "ghost-licked" head sores (from *Qian Jin*).