（《别录》中品）
【释名】石蓝（《唐本》）、嗽药（同上）。时珍曰∶名义未详。
【集解】弘景曰∶白前出近道，根似细辛而大，色白不柔易折，气嗽方多用之。恭曰∶
苗高尺许，其叶似柳，或似芫花，根长于细辛，白色。生州渚沙碛之上，不生近道。俗名石
蓝，又名嗽药。今用蔓生者味苦，非真也。志曰∶根似白薇、牛膝辈，二月、八月采，阴干
用。
嘉谟曰∶似牛膝，粗长坚直易断者，白前也。似牛膝，短小柔软能弯者，白薇也。近道
俱有，形色颇同，以此别之，不致差误。
根
【修治】 曰∶凡用，以生甘草水浸一伏时，漉出，去头须了，焙干收用。
【气味】甘，微温，无毒。权曰∶辛。恭曰∶微寒。
【主治】胸胁逆气，咳嗽上气，呼吸欲绝（《别录》）。主一切气，肺气烦闷，奔豚肾气
（大
【发明】宗 曰∶白前能保定肺气，治嗽多用，以温药相佐使尤佳。时珍曰∶白前色白
而味微辛甘，手太阴药也。长于降气，肺气壅实而有痰者宜之。若虚而长哽气者，不可用也。
张
【附方】旧二，新一。
久嗽唾血∶白前、桔梗、桑白皮三两（炒），甘草一两（炙）。水六升，煮一升，分三服。
忌猪肉、菘菜。（《外台》）久咳上气体肿，短气胀满，昼夜倚壁不得卧，常作水鸡声者，白
前汤主之。白前二两，紫菀、半夏各三两，大戟七合。以水一斗，渍一宿，煮取三升，分作
三服。禁食羊肉、饧糖大佳。（《深师方》）
久患暇呷∶咳嗽，喉中作声，不得眠。取白前焙捣为末，每温酒服二钱。（《梅师方》）
（收录于《名医别录》中品）
【释名】石蓝（出自《新修本草》）、嗽药（同上）。李时珍说：名称的由来尚不明确。
【集解】陶弘景说：白前产于各地近处，根部形状像细辛但较粗大，颜色洁白且不柔韧、容易折断，治疗气逆咳嗽的方剂中多使用它。苏恭说：植株高约一尺，叶子像柳叶，有的像芫花，根比细辛长，呈白色。生长在河洲沙地之上，并不生长在道路附近。俗名叫石蓝，又叫嗽药。现在使用的蔓生品种味道苦，不是真正的白前。陈藏器说：根部形状像白薇、牛膝这一类，二月和八月采集，阴干后使用。
赵嘉谟说：像牛膝一样，粗壮、长、坚硬挺直且容易折断的是白前。像牛膝一样，短小、柔软且能弯曲的是白薇。两者在各地近处都有生长，颜色和形状很相似，用这种方法来区分，就不会出差错。
根
【修治】雷敩说：凡是要使用白前，需用生甘草水浸泡一个昼夜（一伏时），捞出，去掉头部的须根，焙干后收藏备用。
【主治】胸胁部气逆上冲，咳嗽气逆，呼吸急促近乎断绝（出自《名医别录》）。主治各种气机失调，肺气烦闷，奔豚病及肾气上逆（出自《神农本草经》）。
【发明】张宗说：白前能够安定肺气，治疗咳嗽多用此药，配合温性药物作为辅助引导效果更佳。李时珍说：白前颜色白而味道微辛甘，是入手太阴肺经的药物。擅长降气，对于肺气壅滞实证且有痰的患者适宜使用。如果是虚证且经常打嗝嗳气的患者，不可使用。
张（此处原文残缺，推测为引用张元素或类似医家观点，但根据上下文“张”字后无内容，故仅翻译可见部分，或视为排版错误，此处依原文结构处理，通常指张元素或张仲景相关论述，但原文缺失，故略过或视作未完整引用。注：原文“张”字后直接接【附方】，可能是排版断裂，此处按现有文本翻译）
【附方】旧方两首，新方一首。
久咳咯血：白前、桔梗、桑白皮各三两（炒制），甘草一两（炙烤）。用水六升，煮取一升，分三次服用。忌食猪肉、白菜。（出自《外台秘要》）
久咳气逆导致身体浮肿，气短腹胀，白天黑夜靠着墙壁无法躺卧，常发出像水鸡叫声的，用白前汤主治。白前二两，紫菀、半夏各三两，大戟七合。用水一斗，浸泡一夜，煮取三升，分作三次服用。禁食羊肉、饴糖，这样最好。（出自《深师方》）
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Bencao Jing Jizhu* / *Supplement to the Materia Medica*)
**[Names]** Shilan (Stone Indigo) (*Xinxiu Bencao*), Souyao (Cough Medicine) (ibid.). Li Shizhen states: The origin of these names is unclear.
**[Collection and Explanation]** Tao Hongjing states: Baiqian grows in areas near populated regions. Its root resembles that of Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) but is larger, white in color, not flexible, and breaks easily. It is frequently used in prescriptions for treating qi-reversal coughs. Su Gong states: The plant is about one chi tall; its leaves resemble those of willow or Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos). The root is longer than that of Xixin and is white. It grows on river islets and sandy deserts, not along roadsides. Commonly known as Shilan, also called Souyao. The creeping variety currently in use has a bitter taste and is not the true Baiqian. Chen Zangqi states: The root resembles that of Baiwei (Cynanchi Atrati Radix) or Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix). It should be harvested in February and August and dried in the shade for use.
Zhao Jiamo states: The variety resembling Niuxi, which is thick, long, hard, straight, and breaks easily, is Baiqian. The variety resembling Niuxi, which is short, small, soft, and bendable, is Baiwei. Both grow in nearby regions and are quite similar in appearance and color; distinguishing them by these characteristics prevents errors.
**Root**
**[Processing]** Lei Xiao states: When using Baiqian, it should be soaked in water with raw Gancao (Licorice Root) for a full day and night (one fu period), then drained, removing the head and fibrous roots, before being baked dry and stored for use.
**[Flavor and Properties]** Sweet, slightly warm, non-toxic. Li Quan states: Pungent. Su Gong states: Slightly cold.
**[Indications]** Treats rebellious qi in the chest and hypochondrium, coughing with upward rushing qi, and breathing so rapid it seems about to cease (*Bencao Jing Jizhu*). Treats all types of qi disorders, lung qi irritability and stuffiness, Benpeng disease (fleeing pig syndrome), and rebellious kidney qi (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
**[Innovation and Elucidation】** Zhang Zong states: Baiqian can stabilize lung qi and is widely used for treating coughs; it is particularly effective when assisted by warming herbs. Li Shizhen states: Baiqian is white in color and slightly pungent and sweet in taste; it enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. It excels at descending qi and is suitable for patients with excess-type lung qi stagnation accompanied by phlegm. However, it should not be used for patients with deficiency patterns who experience frequent belching or sighing.
Zhang [Text incomplete/cut off]
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Two old prescriptions, one new prescription.
**Chronic Cough with Hemoptysis:** Baiqian, Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Sangbaipi (Morus Cortex) each 3 liang (stir-fried); Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 1 liang (honey-roasted). Boil in 6 sheng of water until reduced to 1 sheng. Divide into three doses. Avoid pork and Chinese cabbage (*Waitai Mi Yao*).
**Chronic Cough with Qi Reversal, Edema, Shortness of Breath, and Abdominal Distension:** For cases where the patient cannot lie down day or night, leaning against walls, and often making sounds like a water frog, treat with Baiqian Decoction. Baiqian 2 liang, Ziwan (Asteri Radix), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) each 3 liang, Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix) 7 he. Soak in 1 dou of water overnight, boil to obtain 3 sheng. Divide into three doses. Strictly avoid mutton and maltose syrup for best results (*Shenshi Fang*).
**Chronic Asthma with Wheezing Sounds:** Characterized by coughing, wheezing sounds in the throat, and insomnia. Take Baiqian, bake it, and grind it into powder. Take 2 qian with warm wine per dose (*Meishi Fang*).