（《本经》下品）
【释名】白 石、太白石（《别录》）、立制石（《本经》）、青分石、固羊石（《本经》）、
食盐（《别录》）、泽乳（《吴普》）、鼠乡（《吴普》）。
时珍曰∶ 义不解。许氏《说文》云∶ ，毒石也。
《西山经》云∶皋涂之山，有白石，其名曰 ，可以毒鼠。郭璞注云∶鼠食则死，蚕食
而肥。
则鼠乡之意以此。
【集解】《别录》曰∶ 石，生汉中山谷及少室。采无时。
当之曰∶或生少室，或生魏兴，十二月采。
弘景曰∶今蜀汉亦有，而好者出南康南野溪及彭城界中，洛阳城南堑，又湘东新宁及零
陵皆有。白 石，能柔金。以黄泥包，炭火烧之，一日一夕则解，可用。丹房及黄白术多用
之。
恭曰∶此石能拒火，久烧但解散，不可脱其坚。今市人乃取洁白理石当之，烧即为灰也
。今汉川武当西辽 名 石谷，即是真出处。少室有粒细理，不如汉中者。
颂曰∶今潞州、阶州亦有之。
时珍曰∶详见特生 石下。
【气味】辛，大热，有毒。《别录》曰∶甘，生温、熟热。普曰∶神农、岐伯∶辛，有
毒；桐君、黄帝∶甘，有毒。
权曰∶甘，有小毒。铅丹为之使。恶羊血。不入汤。
之才曰∶得火良。棘针为之使。恶马目毒公、 屎、虎掌、细辛，畏水。
【主治】寒热鼠 ，蚀疮死肌风痹，腹中坚癖邪气（《本经》）。
除热明目，下气，除膈中热，止消渴，益肝气，破积聚，痼冷腹痛，去鼻中息肉。久服
令人筋挛。火炼百日，服一刀圭。
不炼服，则杀人及百兽（《别录》）。除胸膈间积气，去冷湿风痹瘙痒积年者（甄权）。
【发明】弘景曰∶常取生 石纳水，令水不冰，如此则生者性亦大热矣。
张仲景云∶生用，破人心肝。
恭曰∶此药攻击积冷之病为良。若以余物代之，疗病无效，正为此也。
宗 曰∶治久积及久病腹冷有功，直须慎用，其毒不可试也。
时珍曰∶ 石性气与砒石相近，盖亦其类也。古方 石、矾石常相混书，盖二字相似，
故误耳。然矾石性寒无毒， 石性热有毒，不可不审。陆农师云∶ 石之力，十倍钟乳。按∶
《洪容斋随笔》云∶王子敬静息帖，言 石深是可疑，凡喜散者辄发痈。盖散者，寒食散也，
古人多服之，中有 石，性热有毒，故云深可疑也。刘表在荆州，与王粲登鄣山，见一冈不
生百草。粲曰∶此必古冢，其人在世，服生 石，热不出外，故草木焦灭。表掘之，果有
石满茔。又今洛水不冰，下亦有 石，人谓之温洛是也。取此石安瓮中，水亦不冰。交鹳伏
卵，取石置巢中，以助温气。其性如此，岂可服？予兄文安公镇金陵，秋暑减食。医者汤三
益教服 石丸。已而饮啖日进，遂加意服之。越十月而毒作，衄血斗余。自是数数不止，竟
至精液皆竭而死。时珍窃谓∶洪文安之病，未必是 石毒发。盖亦因其健啖自恃，浓味房劳，
纵恣无忌，以致精竭而死。夫因减食而服石，食既进则病去，药当止矣。而犹服之不已，恃
药妄作，是果药之罪欤？
【附方】新一。
风冷香港脚∶白 石（ ）二斤，酒三斗，渍三日，稍稍饮之。（《肘后方》）
（收录于《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】白石、太白石（出自《名医别录》）、立制石（出自《神农本草经》）、青分石、固羊石（出自《神农本草经》）、食盐（出自《名医别录》）、泽乳（出自吴普）、鼠乡（出自吴普）。
李时珍说：含义难以理解。许慎在《说文解字》中说：“䃮，是毒石。”《西山经》记载：“皋涂山，有一种白石，名叫䃮，可以用来毒杀老鼠。”郭璞注释说：“老鼠吃了就会死，蚕吃了就会变肥。”那么“鼠乡”这个名称的意思大概就是这样。
【集解】《名医别录》说：“䃮石，生长在汉中山谷及少室山。采集没有固定时间。”
陶弘景说：或者生长在少室山，或者生长在魏兴，十二月采集。
陶弘景说：现在蜀汉地区也有，但品质好的出产在南康南野溪及彭城境内，洛阳城南的沟堑中，以及湘东新宁和零陵都有。白石，能使金属软化。用黄泥包裹，用炭火烘烤，一天一夜就能分解，可以使用。炼丹房及黄白术（古代炼金术）中多用此药。
孟诜说：这种石头能抵御火焰，长时间焚烧只会解散，但不能使其失去坚硬特性。现在市场上的人却拿洁白纹理的大理石来冒充，一烧就变成了灰。现在汉川武当山西边的辽口名为䃮石谷，就是真品的产地。少室山的䃮石颗粒细密有纹理，不如汉中产的好。
苏颂说：现在潞州、阶州也有出产。
李时珍说：详见特生䃮石条下。
【气味】辛味，大热，有毒。《名医别录》说：甘味，生用时性温，熟用时性热。吴普说：神农、岐伯认为：辛味，有毒；桐君、黄帝认为：甘味，有毒。
李当之说：甘味，有小毒。铅丹是其引经药。厌恶羊血。不入汤剂煎服。
徐之才说：得火后药效良好。棘针是其引经药。厌恶马目毒公、䃮屎、虎掌、细辛，畏惧水。
【主治】寒热、鼠瘘、蚀疮死肌、风痹、腹中坚癖邪气（出自《神农本草经》）。
清热明目，降气，消除膈中热，止消渴，补益肝气，破除积聚，治疗顽固性冷痛腹痛，去除鼻中息肉。长期服用会导致筋脉拘挛。用火炼一百天，每次服用一刀圭的量。
不经过炼制直接服用，会致人及百兽死亡（出自《名医别录》）。消除胸膈间的积气，去除多年积累的冷湿风痹瘙痒（出自甄权）。
【发明】陶弘景说：经常取生䃮石放入水中，使水不结冰，像这样生的䃮石性质也是大热的。
孟诜说：此药攻击治疗积冷之病效果良好。如果用其他药物代替，治病无效，正是因为这个原因。
陈藏器说：治疗久积及久病腹冷有功，必须谨慎使用，其毒性不可试探。
李时珍说：䃮石的药性与砒石相近，大概也是同类。古方中䃮石、矾石常被混淆书写，大概是因为两个字相似，所以误写。然而矾石性寒无毒，䃮石性热有毒，不能不仔细辨别。陆农师说：䃮石的功效，是钟乳石的十倍。按：《洪容斋随笔》记载：王子敬静息帖中提到，䃮石深（指毒性深或作用猛烈）是值得怀疑的，凡是喜欢服用散剂的人容易引发痈疽。所谓散剂，是指寒食散，古人多服用，其中含有䃮石，性热有毒，所以说深值得怀疑。刘表在荆州时，与王粲登上鄣山，看见一个山冈不长百草。王粲说：“这一定是古墓，墓中人生前服用生䃮石，热气散发不出来，所以草木焦枯灭绝。”刘表挖掘它，果然墓穴里满是䃮石。另外现在洛水不结冰，下面也有䃮石，人们称之为温洛，就是这个道理。取这种石头放在瓮中，水也不会结冰。交州的鹳鸟孵化卵时，把石头放在巢中，用来辅助温暖气息。它的性质如此，怎么可以服用呢？我的兄长文安公镇守金陵时，秋季暑热导致食欲减退。医生汤三益教他服用䃮石丸。不久之后饮食日渐增加，于是更加用心地服用。过了十个月毒性发作，流了一斗多的鼻血。从此多次不止，最终导致精液枯竭而死。我私下认为：洪文安的病，未必是䃮石毒性发作。大概也是因为他凭借胃口好而自负，食用浓味食物且房事过度，放纵无忌，以致精竭而死。因为食欲减退而服用石药，既然进食增加了病就好了，药就应该停止了。却还不停地服用，倚仗药物妄自行动，这真的是药物的罪过吗？
【附方】新增一方。
风冷香港脚（足部风湿疼痛）：白石䃮二斤，酒三斗，浸泡三天，少量饮用。（出自《肘后备急方》）
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Baishi (White Stone), Taibai Shi (Great White Stone) (*Bielu*), Lizhi Shi (Establishing Control Stone) (*Benjing*), Qingfen Shi (Green Separation Stone), Guyang Shi (Solidifying Sheep Stone) (*Benjing*), Yanshi (Salt) (*Bielu*), Zerhu (Marsh Milk), Shuxiang (Mouse Village) (*Wu Pu*).
Li Shizhen states: The meaning is unclear. Xu Shen's *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Ci, a poisonous stone." The *Western Mountain Classic* records: "On Gaotu Mountain, there is a white stone named Ci, which can poison rats." Guo Pu commented: "Rats die if they eat it; silkworms become fat if they eat it." Thus, the meaning of "Shuxiang" (Mouse Village) lies here.
**[Collection and Explanation]** *Bielu* states: "Ci stone grows in the valleys of Hanzhong and Mount Shaoshi. It can be harvested at any time."
Tao Hongjing states: Some grow in Mount Shaoshi, some in Weixing, harvested in the twelfth month.
Tao Hongjing states: Currently, it also exists in Shu and Han regions, but the high-quality ones come from Nanyexi in Nankang and within the borders of Pengcheng, as well as the moats south of Luoyang City, and Xinning and Lingling in Xiangdong. White Ci stone can soften metals. Wrapped in yellow clay and fired with charcoal for a day and night, it decomposes and becomes usable. It is widely used in alchemical workshops and Huangbai techniques (ancient alchemy).
Meng Shen states: This stone can resist fire; long-term burning only causes it to disintegrate but does not remove its hardness. People in the market now use clean, veined marble to pass it off, which turns to ash when burned. Currently, the area west of Wudang in Hanchuan known as Liaokou, named "Ci Stone Valley," is the true source. The Ci stones from Mount Shaoshi have fine grains and veins, inferior to those from Hanzhong.
Su Song states: It is also produced in Luzhou and Jiezhou.
Li Shizhen states: See details under the entry for Tesheng Ci Shi (Specially Produced Ci Stone).
**[Flavor and Toxicity]** Pungent, extremely hot, toxic. *Bielu* states: Sweet, warm when raw, hot when cooked. Wu Pu states: Shennong and Qibo considered it pungent and toxic; Tongjun and the Yellow Emperor considered it sweet and toxic.
Li Dangzhi states: Sweet, slightly toxic. Lead tetroxide (Qian Dan) serves as its guiding herb. It is incompatible with sheep blood. It is not used in decoctions.
Xu Zhicai states: Its efficacy is enhanced by fire. Thorn needles serve as its guiding herb. It is incompatible with Mulumudugong (a plant/toxin), Ci feces, Huzhang (Aconitum carmichaelii root side product), and Xixin (Asarum), and fears water.
**[Indications]** Chills and fever, scrofula (Lymphatic tuberculosis), erosive sores with necrotic muscle, wind-bi syndrome, and hard masses/ectopic qi in the abdomen (*Benjing*).
Clears heat and brightens the eyes, directs qi downward, clears heat in the diaphragm, stops thirst, benefits liver qi, breaks up accumulations, treats chronic cold abdominal pain, and removes nasal polyps. Long-term use causes tendon contraction. After firing for one hundred days, take one Dao Gui (an ancient unit of measure) per dose.
Taking it without processing kills humans and all beasts (*Bielu*). Clears accumulated qi in the chest and diaphragm, and removes chronic cold-damp wind-bi itching lasting years (Zhen Quan).
**[Elucidation]** Tao Hongjing states: Often place raw Ci stone in water to prevent freezing; thus, the raw Ci stone possesses extreme heat properties.
Zhang Zhongjing stated: Raw use damages the heart and liver.
Meng Shen stated: This medicine is excellent for attacking diseases of accumulated cold. If other substances are substituted, treatment fails precisely because of this unique property.
Chen Zangqi stated: It is effective for treating long-standing accumulations and chronic cold abdomen, but must be used with caution; its toxicity should not be tested.
Li Shizhen states: The nature and Qi of Ci stone are similar to Bishi (Arsenic Trioxide); they are likely of the same category. In ancient prescriptions, Ci Shi and Fanshi (Alum Stone) were often confused due to the similarity of their characters. However, Fanshi is cold and non-toxic, while Ci Shi is hot and toxic; this distinction must be carefully observed. Lu Nongshi stated: The power of Ci stone is ten times that of Zhongru (Stalactite). Note: *Hong Rongzhai Suibi* records: Wang Zijing's letter on quiet rest mentions that the depth/potency of Ci stone is suspicious; those who enjoy taking powders often develop carbuncles. The "powder" refers to Hanshi San (Cold Food Powder), which many ancients took, containing Ci stone, which is hot and toxic, hence described as deeply suspicious. When Liu Biao was in Jingzhou, he climbed Zhang Mountain with Wang Can and saw a hill where no grass grew. Wang Can said, "This must be an ancient tomb; the person inside took raw Ci stone in life. The heat could not escape outward, causing the vegetation to scorch and die." Liu Biao excavated it and indeed found the tomb filled with Ci stone. Furthermore, the Luo River does not freeze because Ci stones lie beneath; people call this the "Warm Luo." Placing this stone in a jar prevents water from freezing. In Jiaozhou, storks place stones in their nests to incubate eggs, using them to assist warmth. Its nature is such—how can it be ingested? My elder brother, Lord Wen'an, governed Jinling. During autumn heat, his appetite decreased. Physician Tang Sanyi taught him to take Ci Wan (Ci Stone Pills). Soon, his food intake increased, and he took more care to consume them. Ten months later, the toxicity manifested with over a dou of epistaxis. It continued intermittently until he died from exhaustion of essence and fluid. I privately believe Lord Wen'an's illness may not have been solely due to Ci stone toxicity. It was likely compounded by his reliance on a good appetite, consumption of rich flavors, excessive sexual activity, and lack of restraint, leading to death by essence depletion. Because his appetite decreased, he took stone medicine; once eating resumed, the illness seemed gone, and the medicine should have stopped. Yet he continued taking it unrestrainedly, relying on the drug to act recklessly. Is this truly the fault of the medicine?
**[Attached Prescriptions]** One new prescription.
Wind-cold Hongxiangjiao (Gout/Foot Rheumatism): Baishi Ci 2 jin, wine 3 dou, soak for three days, drink in small amounts gradually (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*).