（《本经》上品）
【释名】胆矾（《纲目》）、黑石（《吴普》）、毕石（《本经》）、君石（当之）、铜勒（《吴
普》）、立制石。时珍曰∶胆以色味命名，俗因其似矾，呼为胆矾。
【集解】《别录》曰∶石胆生秦州羌道山谷大石间，或羌里句青山。二月庚子、辛丑日
采。
其为石也，青色多白纹，易破，状似空青。能化铁为铜，合成金银。
弘景曰∶《仙经》时用，俗方甚少，此药殆绝。今人时有采者，其色青绿，状如琉璃而
有白纹，易破折。梁州、信都无复有，俗乃以青色矾当之，殊无仿佛。
恭曰∶此物出铜处有之，形似曾青，兼绿相间，味极酸苦，磨铁作铜色，此是真者。出
蒲州虞卿县东亭谷窟及KT 集窟中，有块如鸡卵者为真。陶云似琉璃者，乃绛矾也。比来
人亦以充之，又以醋揉青矾为之，并伪矣。
颂曰∶今惟信州铅山县有之。生于铜坑中，采得煎炼而成。又有自然生者，尤为珍贵。
并深碧色。今南方医人多使之，又着其说云∶石胆最上出蒲州，大者如拳，小者如桃栗，击
之纵横解皆成叠纹，色青，见风久则绿，击破其中亦青。其次出上饶、曲江铜坑间者，粒细
有廉棱，如钗股、米粒。本草注言，伪者以醋揉青矾为之。今不然，但取粗恶石胆合硝石销
溜而成之。块大色浅，浑浑无脉理，击之则碎无廉棱者，是也。亦有挟石者，乃削取石胆床，
溜造时投硝石中，及凝则相着也。
时珍曰∶石胆出蒲州山穴中，鸭嘴色者为上，俗呼胆矾；出羌里者，色少黑次之；信州
又次之。此物乃生于石，其经煎炼者，即多伪也。但以火烧之成汁者，必伪也。涂于铁及铜
上烧之红者，真也。又以铜器盛水，投少许入中，及不青碧，数日不异者，真也。《玉洞要
诀》云∶石胆，阳石也。出嵩岳及蒲州中条山。禀灵石异气，形如瑟瑟，其性流通，精感入
石，能化五金，变化无穷。沈括《笔谈》载∶铅山有苦泉，流为涧，挹水熬之，则成胆矾。
所熬之釜，久亦化为铜也。此乃煎熬作伪，非真石胆也，不可入药。
【气味】酸、辛，寒，有毒。普曰∶神农∶酸，小寒；李当之∶大寒；桐君∶辛，有毒；
扁鹊∶苦，无毒。大明曰∶酸、涩，无毒。权曰∶有大毒。
之才曰∶水英为之使。畏牡桂、菌桂、芫花、辛夷、白薇。
【主治】明目目痛，金疮诸痫痉，女子阴蚀痛，石淋寒热，崩中下血，诸邪毒瓦斯，令人
有子。炼饵服之，不老。久服，增寿神仙（《本经》）。散症积，咳逆上气，及鼠 恶疮（《别
录》）。
治虫牙，鼻内息肉（大明）。带下赤白，面黄，女子脏急（苏恭）。入吐风痰药最快（苏
颂）。
【发明】时珍曰∶石胆气寒，味酸而辛，入少阳胆经。其性收敛上行，能涌风热痰涎，
发散风木相火，又能杀虫，故治咽喉口齿疮毒，有奇功也。周密《齐东野语》云∶密过南浦，
有老医授治喉痹极速垂死方，用真鸭嘴胆矾末，醋调灌之，大吐胶痰数升，即瘥。临汀一老
兵妻苦此，绝水粒三日矣，如法用之即瘥。屡用无不立验，神方也。又周必大《阴德录》云∶
治蛊胀及水肿秘方，有用蒲州、信州胆矾明亮如翠琉璃似鸭嘴者，米醋煮以君臣之药，服之，
胜于铁砂、铁蛾。盖胆矾乃铜之精液，味辛酸，入肝胆制脾鬼故也。安城魏清臣肿科黑丸子，
消肿甚妙，不传，即用此者。
【附方】旧五，新一十五。
老小风痰∶胆矾末一钱。小儿一字，温醋汤调下，立吐出涎，便醒。（谭氏小儿方）女
人
头晕，天地转动，名曰心眩，非血风也。胆子矾一两。细研，用胡饼剂子一个，按平一指浓，
以篦子勒成骰子，大块勿界断，于瓦上焙干。每服一骰子，为末，灯心竹茹汤调下。（许学
士《本事方》）
喉痹喉风∶二圣散∶用鸭嘴胆矾二钱半，白僵蚕（炒）五钱。研。每以少许吹之，吐
涎。
（《济生方》）齿痛及落∶研细石胆，以人乳和膏擦之，日三、四次。
止痛，复生齿，百日后复故乃止。每日以新汲水漱净。（王焘《外台秘要》）
口舌生疮，众疗不瘥∶胆矾半两，入银锅内火 赤，出毒一夜，细研。每以少许敷之，
吐出酸涎水，二、三次瘥。（《胜金方》）
走马牙疳∶北枣一枚（去核），入鸭觜胆矾。纸包 赤，出火毒，研末敷之，追涎。（杨
起《简便方》）
小儿齿疳∶鸭觜胆矾一钱（匙上 红），麝香少许。研匀。敷齿上，立效。（《活幼口议》）
小儿鼻疳蚀烂∶胆矾烧烟尽，研末。掺之，一、二日愈。（《集简方》）
风眼赤烂∶胆矾三钱。烧研。泡汤日洗。（《明目经验方》）
百虫入耳∶胆矾末，和醋灌之，即出。（《千金方》）
疯犬咬毒∶胆矾末敷之，立愈。（《济急方》）
一切诸毒∶胆子矾末，糯米糊丸如鸡头子大，以朱砂为衣，仍以朱砂养之。冷水化一丸
服，立愈。（《胜金方》）
挑生蛊毒，胸口痛者∶胆矾二钱，茶清泡服，即吐出。（《岭南卫生方》）
腋下狐臭∶胆矾半生半熟，入腻粉少许，为末。
每用半钱，以自然姜汁调涂，十分热痛乃止。数日一用，以愈为度。（黎居士《简易方》）
赤白癜风∶胆矾、牡蛎粉各半两。生研，醋调，摩之。（《圣济录》）
甲疽肿痛∶石胆一两。烧烟尽，研末。敷之，不过四、五度瘥。（《梅师方》）
痔疮热肿∶鸭觜青胆矾 研，蜜水调敷，可以消脱。（《直指方》）
肿毒不破∶胆矾、雀屎各少许。点之。（《直指方》）
杨梅毒疮∶醋调胆矾末搽之。痛甚者，加乳香、没药。出恶水，一、二上即干。又方∶
胆矾、白矾、水银各三钱半。研不见星，入香油、津唾各少许，和匀。坐帐内，取药涂两足
心，以两手心对足心摩擦，良久再涂再擦，尽即卧。汗出，或大便去垢，口出秽涎为验。每
一次，强者用四钱，弱者二钱，连用三日。外服疏风散，并澡洗。（《刘氏经验方》）
【背景信息】
书名：本草纲目 作者：李时珍 朝代：明·万历六年 章节：石胆 类别：本草
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【释名】胆矾（《本草纲目》）、黑石（《吴普本草》）、毕石（《神农本草经》）、君石（李当之）、铜勒（《吴普本草》）、立制石。李时珍说：因为颜色和味道命名，俗人因为它像矾，所以叫它胆矾。
【集解】《名医别录》说：石胆生长在秦州羌道山谷的大石头间，或者在羌里句青山。在二月庚子日、辛丑日采集。
这种石头，青色居多带有白色纹理，容易破碎，形状像空青（矿物药）。能使铁变成铜，合成金银。
陶弘景说：道教仙经中时常使用，民间方剂很少用，这种药几乎绝迹了。现在的人偶尔有采集的，颜色青绿，形状像琉璃而有白色纹理，容易折断。梁州、信都不再有了，俗人就用青色的矾来冒充，完全不像。
苏恭说：这种东西出产在有铜的地方，形状像曾青（矿物药），绿色相间，味道极酸苦，磨铁呈现铜色，这是真的。出产在蒲州虞卿县东亭谷窟及某集窟中，有块状如鸡蛋的是真品。陶弘景说像琉璃的，那是绛矾（红矾）。近来人也用它来冒充，又有用醋揉搓青矾制成的，都是假的。
苏颂说：现在只有信州铅山县有出产。生长在铜矿坑中，开采后煎炼而成。又有自然生成的，尤为珍贵。都是深碧色。现在南方医生多使用它，又记载其说法说：石胆最好的出产自蒲州，大的如拳头，小的如桃栗，敲击它纵横解开都形成层叠纹理，颜色青，见风久了则变绿，击破其中也是青色。其次出产在上饶、曲江铜矿坑间的，颗粒细有棱角，像钗股、米粒。本草注言，伪品是用醋揉搓青矾制成的。现在不是这样，只是取粗劣的石胆合硝石熔化溜制而成的。块大颜色浅，浑然没有纹理脉络，敲击则碎没有棱角的，就是这种。也有夹杂石头的，是削取石胆床（含矿物质的岩层），溜造时投入硝石中，等到凝固就粘在一起了。
李时珍说：石胆出产在蒲州山穴中，鸭嘴色的是上品，俗呼胆矾；出产在羌里的，颜色稍黑的是次品；信州的又次之。这种东西是生于石头中的，经过煎炼的，就有很多伪品。只要用火烧烤化成汁液的，必定是伪品。涂在铁和铜上烧变红的，是真的。又用铜器盛水，投入少许在其中，如果不青碧，数日没有变化的是真的。《玉洞要诀》说：石胆，是阳石。出产于嵩岳及蒲州中条山。禀受灵石异气，形状像瑟瑟（玉石），它的性质流通，精气感应入石，能化五金，变化无穷。沈括《笔谈》记载：铅山有苦泉，流成涧，舀水熬煮，就成胆矾。所熬煮的锅，久了也变成铜了。这是煎熬作伪，不是真石胆，不能入药。
【气味】酸、辛，寒，有毒。吴普说：神农认为：酸，小寒；李当之认为：大寒；桐君认为：辛，有毒；扁鹊认为：苦，无毒。马志（大明）说：酸、涩，无毒。李珣（权）说：有大毒。
徐之才说：水英作为它的引经药。畏牡桂、菌桂、芫花、辛夷、白薇。
【主治】明目治眼痛，金疮各种癫痫痉挛，女子阴部蚀烂疼痛，石淋寒热，崩中下血，各种邪气毒瓦斯，使人能生育。炼制后饵服，不老。久服，增加寿命成神仙（《神农本草经》）。消散症积，咳逆上气，以及鼠瘘恶疮（《名医别录》）。
治虫牙，鼻内息肉（马志）。带下赤白，面黄，女子脏急（苏恭）。加入吐风痰的药中最快（苏颂）。
【发明】李时珍说：石胆气寒，味酸而辛，入少阳胆经。它的性质收敛上行，能涌吐风热痰涎，发散风木相火，又能杀虫，所以治疗咽喉口齿疮毒，有奇功。周密《齐东野语》说：我路过南浦，有位老医传授治疗喉痹极速垂死的方子，用真鸭嘴胆矾末，醋调灌下去，大吐胶痰几升，立刻痊愈。临汀一位老兵的妻子苦于此病，三天滴水未进，按法使用立刻痊愈。屡用无不立即见效，是神方。又周必大《阴德录》说：治疗蛊胀及水肿秘方，有用蒲州、信州胆矾明亮如翠琉璃似鸭嘴的，米醋煮以君臣之药，服用，胜于铁砂、铁蛾。大概胆矾乃铜的精液，味辛酸，入肝胆制脾鬼的缘故。安城魏清臣肿科黑丸子，消肿甚妙，不传，就是用此药。
【附方】旧方五首，新方十五首。
老小风痰：胆矾末一钱。小儿一字量，温醋汤调下，立即吐出涎液，便苏醒。（谭氏小儿方）女人头晕，天地转动，名叫心眩，不是血风。胆子矾一两。细研，用胡饼剂子一个，按平一指厚，用篦子划成骰子状，大块不要切断，在瓦上焙干。每次服一骰子，研末，灯心竹茹汤调下。（许学士《本事方》）
喉痹喉风：二圣散：用鸭嘴胆矾二钱半，白僵蚕（炒）五钱。研末。每次用少许吹入，吐涎。（《济生方》）齿痛及脱落：研细石胆，用人乳和膏擦之，每天三、四次。止痛，再生牙齿，百日后恢复原状才停止。每天用新汲水漱净。（王焘《外台秘要》）
口舌生疮，众疗不愈：胆矾半两，放入银锅内火烧至红，去火毒一夜，细研。每次用少许敷之，吐出酸涎水，二、三次痊愈。（《胜金方》）
走马牙疳：北枣一枚（去核），放入鸭嘴胆矾。纸包烧红，去火毒，研末敷之，追出涎液。（杨起《简便方》）
小儿齿疳：鸭嘴胆矾一钱（匙上烧红），麝香少许。研匀。敷在牙齿上，立即见效。（《活幼口议》）
小儿鼻疳蚀烂：胆矾烧烟尽，研末。掺之，一、二日痊愈。（《集简方》）
风眼赤烂：胆矾三钱。烧研。泡汤每日洗。（《明目经验方》）
百虫入耳：胆矾末，和醋灌之，即出。（《千金方》）
疯犬咬毒：胆矾末敷之，立即痊愈。（《济急方》）
一切诸毒：胆子矾末，糯米糊丸如鸡头子大，以朱砂为衣，仍以朱砂养之。冷水化一丸服，立即痊愈。（《胜金方》）
挑生蛊毒，胸口痛者：胆矾二钱，茶清泡服，即吐出。（《岭南卫生方》）
腋下狐臭：胆矾半生半熟，入腻粉少许，为末。每次用半钱，以自然姜汁调涂，十分热痛才停止。数日一次用，以愈为度。（黎居士《简易方》）
赤白癜风：胆矾、牡蛎粉各半两。生研，醋调，摩之。（《圣济录》）
甲疽肿痛：石胆一两。烧烟尽，研末。敷之，不过四、五次痊愈。（《梅师方》）
痔疮热肿：鸭嘴青胆矾研，蜜水调敷，可以消脱。（《直指方》）
肿毒不破：胆矾、雀屎各少许。点之。（《直指方》）
杨梅毒疮：醋调胆矾末搽之。痛甚者，加乳香、没药。出恶水，一、二天即干。又方：胆矾、白矾、水银各三钱半。研不见星，入香油、津唾各少许，和匀。坐帐内，取药涂两足心，以两手心对足心摩擦，良久再涂再擦，尽即卧。汗出，或大便去垢，口出秽涎为验。每一次，强者用四钱，弱者二钱，连用三日。外服疏风散，并澡洗。（《刘氏经验方》）
[Background Information]
Book: Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu)
Author: Li Shizhen
Dynasty: Ming Dynasty, 6th Year of Wanli
Chapter: Shi Dan (Stone Gall)
Category: Materia Medica
(Grade Upper in *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**Names**: Dan Fan (Gallstone Alum) (*Bencao Gangmu*), Hei Shi (Black Stone) (*Wu Pu*), Bi Shi (Bi Stone) (*Shennong Bencao Jing*), Jun Shi (Ruler Stone) (Li Dangzhi), Tong Le (Copper Bit) (*Wu Pu*), Lizhi Shi. Li Shizhen states: Named for its color and taste; the common people call it "Dan Fan" because it resembles alum.
**Collection and Explanation**: *Mingyi Bie Lu* states: Shi Dan grows among large rocks in the valleys of Qiandao, Qinzhou, or in the Qingshan of Qiangli. It is harvested on Gengzi and Xinchu days in the second lunar month.
The stone is mostly green with white veins, brittle, and resembles Kong Qing (Azure Mineral). It can transform iron into copper and synthesize gold and silver.
Tao Hongjing states: It is used in Daoist alchemical texts but rarely in folk prescriptions; this drug is nearly extinct. People occasionally collect it now; its color is green-blue, resembling liuli (glass) with white veins, and it breaks easily. It is no longer found in Liangzhou or Xindu. The common people use green alum to substitute it, which bears no resemblance.
Su Gong states: This substance is found where copper exists. Its shape resembles Zeng Qing (Azurite), with interspersed green colors, and tastes extremely sour and bitter. When rubbed against iron, it turns copper-colored; this is genuine. Genuine pieces are found in Dongting Valley caves and Ji Cave in Yuqing County, Puzhou, with chunks the size of a chicken egg being authentic. Tao's description of "resembling liuli" refers to Jiang Fan (Red Alum). Recently, people also use it as a substitute, or make fake ones by kneading Qing Fan (Green Alum) with vinegar; both are counterfeit.
Su Song states: Currently, only Lianshan County in Xinzhou produces it. It grows in copper pits and is obtained through smelting/refining. Naturally occurring specimens are particularly precious and have a deep emerald-green color. Doctors in the south often use it. They say the best Shi Dan comes from Puzhou; large pieces are fist-sized, small ones peach-pit sized. When struck, they split along layered veins. The color is green; upon long exposure to wind, it turns greener. Broken interiors remain green. Next best are those from copper pits in Shangrao and Qujiang; these are granular with sharp edges, like hairpins or rice grains. Commentaries on the Materia Medica state that fakes are made by kneading green alum with vinegar. This is no longer the case; currently, fakes are made by taking coarse Shi Dan mixed with saltpeter, melting, and casting. These are large, pale, lack texture/veins, and shatter without edges when struck. Some contain embedded stones, formed by scraping the Shi Dan bedrock and mixing with saltpeter during casting, causing them to stick together upon solidification.
Li Shizhen states: Shi Dan comes from mountain caves in Puzhou. Those with a "duck-bill" color are superior, commonly called Dan Fan. Those from Qiangli are slightly black and inferior. Those from Xinzhou are next. This substance originates from stone. Those that have been smelted/refined are often counterfeit. If it melts into liquid when burned, it is definitely fake. If applied to iron or copper and turned red when heated, it is genuine. If a small amount is dropped into water in a copper vessel and does not turn green/blue after several days, it is genuine. *Yudong Yaojue* states: Shi Dan is a Yang stone. It comes from Songyue and Zhongtiao Mountain in Puzhou. It inherits the unique energy of spiritual stones, resembles se-se (jade), has a circulating nature, and its essence penetrates stone, capable of transforming the five metals with infinite changes. Shen Kuo's *Brush Talks* records: In Lianshan, there is a bitter spring flowing into a stream. Water drawn and boiled yields Dan Fan. The pot used for boiling eventually turns into copper. This is artificial production via heating, not true Shi Dan, and should not be used medicinally.
**Flavor and Toxicity**: Sour, acrid, cold, toxic. Wu Pu records: Shennong said: Sour, slightly cold; Li Dangzhi said: Greatly cold; Tongjun said: Acrid, toxic; Bian Que said: Bitter, non-toxic. Ma Zhi (Daming) said: Sour, astringent, non-toxic. Li Xun (Quan) said: Highly toxic.
Xu Caizhi states: Shui Ying acts as its guide herb. It is incompatible with Mugui (Oyster Bark), Jungui (Cinnamon Twig), Yuanhua (Genkwa Flower), Xinyi (Magnolia Bud), and Baiwei (Clematis Root).
**Indications**: Brightens eyes and treats eye pain, traumatic injuries (Jin Chuang), various epileptic spasms, erosion/pain of the female genitals, stone strangury with chills and fever, metrorrhagia and hypomenorrhea, various pathogenic qi and toxins, and promotes fertility. Taken after refining, it prevents aging. Long-term use increases longevity and leads to immortality (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Disintegrates accumulations and masses, treats cough with reverse flow of qi, and rat-hole fistulas/malignant sores (*Mingyi Bie Lu*).
Treats toothache caused by worms, nasal polyps (Ma Zhi). Treats leukorrhea (red and white), sallow complexion, and visceral urgency in women (Su Gong). Most effective when added to formulas that induce vomiting of wind-phlegm (Su Song).
**Elucidation**: Li Shizhen states: Shi Dan is cold in qi, sour and acrid in flavor, and enters the Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. Its nature is astringent and ascending; it can provoke vomiting of wind-heat and phlegm-saliva, disperse wind-liver and ministerial fire, and kill parasites. Thus, it has miraculous effects in treating sores and toxins of the throat, mouth, and teeth. Zhou Mi's *Qidong Yeyu* records: Passing through Nanpu, an old doctor taught me a rapid cure for fatal Hou Bi (Sore Throat): Use real duck-bill Dan Fan powder, mix with vinegar, and administer. The patient vomited several liters of gelatinous phlegm and recovered immediately. A veteran's wife in Linting suffered from this, having taken no food or water for three days; applying this method cured her instantly. Repeated use always yielded immediate results; it is a divine prescription. Zhou Bida's *Yinde Lu* records a secret recipe for Gu Zhang (Abdominal Distension) and Edema using bright, duck-bill-shaped Dan Fan from Puzhou/Xinzhou, boiled with vinegar and sovereign/minister herbs; it is superior to Iron Sand or Iron Moths. This is because Dan Fan is the essence of copper, sour and acrid, entering the liver and gallbladder to control the "spleen ghost." Wei Qingchen's Black Pill for swelling in Ancheng uses this ingredient for excellent anti-swelling effects, though the formula is not transmitted.
**Attached Prescriptions**: Five old, fifteen new.
**Wind-Phlegm in Old and Young**: One qian of Dan Fan powder. For children, a dose equivalent to one character (approx. 0.1-0.2 qian), mixed with warm vinegar water, induces immediate vomiting of saliva and restores consciousness. (*Tan's Pediatric Formulas*)
**Women's Dizziness (Xin Xuan)**: Dizziness where heaven and earth seem to rotate, named Xin Xuan, not Blood-Wind. One liang of Dan Fan. Finely ground, shaped into dice-like cubes using a wheat cake mold (do not cut completely through), baked on tiles until dry. Take one cube per dose, ground to powder, mixed with Jiedixin (Ligusticum chuanxiong) and Zhuru (Bamboo Shavings) decoction. (*Physician Xu's Essential Formulas*)
**Hou Bi / Hou Feng (Throat Obstruction/Wind)**: Ersheng San (Two Sages Powder): Two and a half qian of Duck-bill Dan Fan, five qian of Bai Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus, stir-fried). Grind to powder. Blow a small amount into the nose/throat to induce salivation/vomiting. (*Jisheng Fang*)
**Toothache and Loss**: Finely grind Shi Dan, mix with human milk to form a paste, apply to gums 3-4 times daily. Stops pain, regrows teeth. Continue for 100 days until fully restored. Rinse mouth thoroughly with fresh well water daily. (*Wang Tao's Waitai Miyao*)
**Mouth/Tongue Ulcers (Unresponsive to other treatments)**: Half a liang of Dan Fan. Heat in a silver crucible until red, remove fire toxicity overnight, grind finely. Apply a small amount to the ulcer, inducing vomiting of acidic saliva. Cures in 2-3 applications. (*Shengjin Fang*)
**Zouma Yagan (Noma/Gangrenous Stomatitis)**: One northern jujube (pitted), insert Duck-bill Dan Fan inside. Wrap in paper, burn until red, remove fire toxicity, grind to powder, apply to gums to draw out saliva. (*Yang Qi's Simple Formulas*)
**Pediatric Dental Gan (Necrosis)**: One qian of Duck-bill Dan Fan (heated on spoon until red), a small amount of Muxiang (Musk). Grind uniformly. Apply to teeth. Immediate effect. (*Huoyou Kouyi*)
**Pediatric Nasal Gan (Erosion)**: Burn Dan Fan until smoke is gone, grind to powder. Dust into the nose. Cures in 1-2 days. (*Jijian Fang*)
**Wind Eye Redness/Erosion**: Three qian of Dan Fan. Burn and grind. Steep in hot water, wash eyes daily. (*Mingmu Jingyan Fang*)
**Insects in Ear**: Dan Fan powder mixed with vinegar, instilled into ear. Insects exit immediately. (*Qianjin Fang*)
**Mad Dog Bite Poison**: Apply Dan Fan powder. Cures immediately. (*Jiji Fang*)
**All Poisons**: Dan Fan powder, pillified with rice paste to size of a chestnut, coated with Zhusha (Cinnabar). Maintain coating with Zhusha. Dissolve one pill in cold water and drink. Cures immediately. (*Shengjin Fang*)
**Gu Poison with Chest Pain**: Two qian of Dan Fan, steep in clear tea water, drink. Induces vomiting. (*Lingnan Weisheng Fang*)
**Axillary Bromhidrosis (Fox Odor)**: Half raw, half calcined Dan Fan, add a small amount of Nifen (Calomel), grind to powder. Use half a qian per application, mix with fresh ginger juice, apply. Stop when intense heat/pain subsides. Apply once every few days until cured. (*Lijuushi's Simple Formulas*)
**Vitiligo (Red/White Spots)**: Half a liang each of Dan Fan and Muli (Oyster Shell). Grind raw, mix with vinegar, rub onto skin. (*Shengji Lu*)
**Onychia (Paronychia) Swelling/Pain**: One liang of Shi Dan. Burn until smoke is gone, grind to powder. Apply. Cures in 4-5 applications. (*Meishi Fang*)
**Hemorrhoids with Heat/Swelling**: Grind Duck-bill Green Dan Fan, mix with honey-water, apply. Reduces swelling. (*Zhizhi Fang*)
**Abscess Not Ruptured**: Small amounts of Dan Fan and Queshi (Sparrow Droppings). Apply/dot onto the area. (*Zhizhi Fang*)
**Syphilis (Yangmei Du Chuang)**: Rub with Dan Fan powder mixed with vinegar. If painful, add Rushiang (Frankincense) and Moyao (Myrrh). Discharges foul fluid, dries in 1-2 days. Another formula: Dan Fan, Baifan (Alum), and Shuiyin (Mercury) 3.5 qian each. Grind until no visible particles ("no stars"), add sesame oil and saliva, mix well. Sit in a tent, apply medicine to both soles of feet, rub soles with palms. Repeat rubbing/application after some time, then lie down. Sweating, passage of foul stool, or excretion of foul saliva indicates efficacy. Strong constitutions use 4 qian, weak 2 qian per session, for 3 consecutive days. External use of Shufeng San and bathing also recommended. (*Liu Shi Jingyan Fang*)