（《本经》上品）
【校正】并入《海药》波斯矾、《嘉 》柳絮矾。
【释名】涅石（《纲目》）、羽涅（《本经》）、羽泽（《别录》）， 枯者名巴石，轻白者
名柳絮矾。
时珍曰∶矾者，燔也，燔石而成也。《山海经》云∶女床之山，其阴多涅石。郭璞注云∶
矾石也。楚人名涅石，秦人名为羽涅。
【集解】《别录》曰∶矾石生河西山谷，及陇西武都、石门，采无时。能使铁为铜。
弘景曰∶今出益州北部西川，从河西来。色青白，生者名马齿矾；炼成纯白名白矾，蜀
人以当硝石。其黄黑者名鸡屎矾，不入药用，惟堪镀作以合熟铜。投苦酒中，涂铁皆作铜色。
外虽铜色，内质不变。
恭曰∶矾石有五种∶白矾多入药用；青、黑二矾，疗疳及疮；黄矾亦疗疮生肉，兼染皮
；绛矾本来绿色，烧之乃赤，故名绛矾。
颂曰∶矾石初生皆石也，采得烧碎煎炼，乃成矾也。凡有五种，其色各异，白矾、黄矾
、绿矾、黑矾、绛矾也。今白矾出晋州、慈州、无为军，入药及染人所用甚多。黄矾丹灶家
所须，亦入药。黑矾惟出西戎，亦谓之皂矾，染须鬓药用之，亦染皮用。绿矾入咽喉口齿药
及染色。绛矾烧之则赤，今亦稀见。又有矾精、矾蝴蝶、巴石、柳絮矾，皆是白矾也。炼白
矾时，候其极沸，盘心有溅溢，如物飞出，以铁匕接之，作虫形者，矾蝴蝶也。但成块光莹
如水精者，矾精也。二者入药，力紧于常矾。其煎炼而成，轻虚如绵絮者，柳絮矾。其烧汁
至尽，色白如雪者，谓之巴石。
曰∶波斯、大秦所出白矾，色白而莹净，内有束针纹，入丹灶家，功力逾于河西、石
门者，近日语州诸番往往有之。波斯又出金线矾，打破内有金线纹者为上，多入烧炼家用。
时珍曰∶矾石折而辨之，不只于五种也。白矾，方士谓之白君，出晋地者上，青州、吴
中者次之。洁白者为雪矾；光明者为明矾，亦名云母矾；纹如束针，状如粉扑者，为波斯白
矾，并入药为良。黑矾，铅矾也，出晋地；其状如黑泥者，为昆仑矾；其状如赤石脂有金星
者，为铁矾；其状如紫石英，火引之成金线，画刀上即紫赤色者，为波斯紫矾，并不入服饵
药，惟丹灶及疮家用之。绿矾、绛矾、黄矾俱见本条。其杂色者，则有鸡屎矾、鸭屎矾、鸡
毛矾、粥矾，皆下品，亦入外丹家用。
【修治】 曰∶凡使白矾石，以瓷瓶盛，于火中 令内外通赤，用钳揭起盖，旋安石蜂
巢入内烧之。每十两用巢六两，烧尽为度。取出放冷，研粉，以纸裹，安五寸深土坑中一宿，
取用。又法∶取光明如水晶，酸、咸、涩味全者，研粉。以瓷瓶用六一泥泥之，待干，入粉
三升在内，旋旋入五方草、紫背天葵各自然汁一镒，下火逼令药汁干，盖了瓶口，更泥上下，
用火一百斤 之。从巳至未，去火取出，其色如银，研如轻粉用之。
时珍曰∶今人但 干汁用，谓之枯矾，不 者为生矾。若入服食，须循法度。按《九鼎
神丹秘诀》，炼矾石入服食法∶用新桑合 一具。于密室净扫，以火烧地令热，洒水于上，
或洒苦酒于上，乃布白矾于地上，以 覆之，四面以灰拥定。一日夜，其石精皆飞于 上，
扫取收之。未尽者，更如前法，数遍乃止，此为矾精。若欲作水，即以扫下矾精一斤，纳三
年苦酒一斗中清之，号曰矾华，百日弥佳。若急用之，七日亦可。
【气味】酸，寒，无毒；普曰∶神农、岐伯∶酸，久服伤人骨；扁鹊∶咸；雷公∶酸，
无毒。权曰∶涩，凉，有小毒。
之才曰∶甘草为之使，恶牡蛎，畏麻黄。独孤滔曰∶红心灰 制矾。
【主治】寒热，泄痢白沃，阴蚀恶疮，目痛，坚骨齿。炼饵服之，轻身不老增年（《本
经》）。除固热在骨髓，去鼻中息肉（《别录》）。除风去热，消痰止渴，暖水脏，治中风失
音。和桃仁、葱汤浴，可出汗（大明）。生含咽津，治急喉痹。疗鼻衄 鼻，鼠漏瘰 疥癣
（甄权）。枯矾贴嵌甲，牙缝中血出如衄（宗 ）。吐下痰涎饮 ，燥湿解毒追涎，止血定痛，
食恶肉，生好肉，治痈疽疔肿恶疮，癫痫疸疾，通大小便，口齿眼目诸病，虎犬蛇蝎百虫伤
（时珍）。波斯白矾（《海药》）
【气味】酸、涩，温，无毒。
【主治】赤白漏下阴蚀，泄痢疮疥，解一切虫蛇等毒，去目赤暴肿齿痛，火炼之良（李
）。柳絮矾（《嘉 》）
【气味】同矾石。
【主治】消痰止渴，润心肝（大明）。
【发明】弘景曰∶俗中合药，火熬令燥，以疗齿痛，多则坏齿，即伤骨之证也。而《经》
云坚骨齿，诚为可疑。
宗 曰∶不可多服，损心肺，却水故也。水化书纸上，才干则水不能濡，故知其性却水
也。治膈下涎药多用者，此意尔。
时珍曰∶矾石之用有四∶吐利风热之痰涎，取其酸苦涌泄也；治诸血痛脱肛阴挺疮疡，
取其酸涩而收也；治痰饮泄痢崩带风眼，取其收而燥湿也；治喉痹痈疽中蛊蛇虫伤螫，取其
解毒也。按∶《李迅痈疽方》云∶凡人病痈疽发背，不问老少，皆宜服黄矾丸。服至一两以
上，无不作效，最止疼痛，不动脏腑，活人不可胜数。用明亮白矾一两生研，以好黄蜡七钱
熔化，和丸梧子大。每服十丸，渐加至二十丸，熟水送下。如未破则内消，已破即便合。如
服金石发疮者，引以白矾末一、二匙，温酒调下，亦三、五服见效。有人遍身生疮，状如蛇
头，服此亦效。诸方俱称奇效，但一日中服近百粒，则有力。此药不惟止痛生肌，能防毒瓦斯
内攻，护膜止泻，托里化脓之功甚大，服至半斤尤佳，不可欺其浅近，要知白矾大能解毒也。
今人名为蜡矾丸，用之委有效验。
【附方】旧二十五，新六十四。
中风痰厥，四肢不收，气闭膈塞者∶白矾一两，牙皂角五钱。为末。每服一钱，温水调
下，吐痰为度。（陈师古方）胸中痰 ，头痛不欲食∶矾石一两，水二升，煮一升，纳蜜半
合，
顿服。须臾大吐，未吐，饮少热汤引之。（《外台秘要》）风痰痫病∶化痰丸∶生白矾一两，
细茶五钱，为末，炼蜜丸如梧子大。一岁十丸，茶汤下；大人，五十丸。久服，痰自大便中
出，断病根。（邓笔峰《杂兴》）小儿胎寒， 啼发痫∶白矾 半日，枣肉丸黍米大。每乳下
一丸，愈乃止，去痰良。（《保幼大全》）产后不语∶胡氏孤凤散∶用生白矾末一钱，熟水调
下。（《妇人良方》）牙关紧急不开者∶白矾、盐花等分。搽之，涎出自开。（《集简方》）
走马喉痹∶用生白矾末涂于绵针上，按于喉中，立破。绵针者，用榆条，上以绵缠作枣大也。
（《儒门事亲方》）喉痈乳蛾∶《济生》帐带散∶用矾三钱，铁铫内熔化，入劈开巴豆三粒，
煎干去豆，研矾用之，入喉立愈。甚者，以醋调灌之。亦名通关散。法制乌龙胆∶用白矾末
盛入猪胆中，风干研末。每吹一钱入喉，取涎出妙。咽喉谷贼肿痛∶生矾石末少少点肿处，
吐涎，以痒为度。（《圣惠方》）风热喉痛∶白矾半斤，研末化水，新砖一片，浸透取晒，又
浸又晒，至水干，入粪厕中浸一月，取洗，安阴处，待霜出扫收。每服半钱，水下。（《普
济方》）悬痈垂长 咽中烦闷∶白矾（烧灰）、盐花等分。为末。箸头频点药在上，去涎。（孙
用和《秘宝方》）小儿舌膜∶初生小儿有白膜皮裹舌，或遍舌根。可以指甲刮破令血出，以
烧矾末半绿豆许，敷之。若不摘去，其儿必哑。（姚和众《至宝方》）牙齿肿痛∶白矾一两（烧
灰），大露蜂房一两（微炙）为散。每用二钱，水煎含漱去涎。（《简要济众方》）患齿碎坏欲
尽者∶常以绵裹矾石含嚼，吐去汁。（《肘后方》）齿龈血出不止∶矾石一两（烧）。水三升，
煮一升，含漱。（《千金方》）木舌肿强∶白矾、桂心等分，为末。安舌下。（《圣惠方》）太
阴口疮∶生甘草二寸，白矾一粟大。噙之，咽津。（《活法机要》）口舌生疮，下虚上壅∶定
斋方∶用白矾泡汤濯足。张子和方∶用白矾（末）、黄丹（水飞炒）等分研，擦之。小儿鹅
口，
满口白烂∶枯矾一钱，朱砂二分。为末。每以少许敷之，日三次，神验。（《普济方》）小儿
舌疮，饮乳不得∶白矾和鸡子置醋中，涂儿足底，二七日愈。（《千金方》）口中气臭∶明矾，
入麝香为末，擦牙上。（《生生编》）衄血不止∶枯矾末吹之，妙。（《圣济方》）鼻中息肉∶
《千金》∶用矾烧末，猪脂和，绵裹塞之。数日息肉随药出。一方∶用明矾一两，蓖麻仁七
个，盐梅肉五个，麝香一字杵丸。绵裹塞之，化水自下也。眉毛脱落∶白矾十两。烧研，蒸
饼丸梧子大。每空心温水下七丸，日加一丸，至四十九日减一丸，周而复始，以愈为度。（《圣
济录》）发斑怪证∶有人眼赤鼻张，大喘，浑身出斑，毛发如铜铁，乃热毒瓦斯结于下焦也。
白矾、滑石各一两为末，作一服。水三碗，煎减半，不住服，尽即安。（夏子益《奇疾方》）
目翳弩肉∶白矾石纳黍米大入目，令泪出。日日用之，恶汁去尽，其疾日减。（《外台秘要》）
目生白膜∶矾石一升。水四合，铜器中煎半合，入少蜜调之，以绵滤过。每日点三、四度。
（姚和众《延龄至宝方》）赤目风肿∶甘草水磨明矾敷眼胞上效。或用枯矾频擦眉心。（《集
简方》）烂弦风眼∶白矾（ ）一两，铜青三钱。研末，汤泡澄清，点洗。（《永类方》） 耳
出汁∶枯矾一两，铅丹（炒）一钱。为末，日吹之。（《圣济录》）猝死壮热∶矾石半斤，水
一
斗半，煮汤浸脚及踝，即得苏也。（《肘后方》）香港脚冲心∶白矾三两。水一斗五升，煎沸浸
洗。（《千金方》）风湿膝痛，脚膝风湿，虚汗，少力多痛，及阴汗。烧矾末一匙头，投沸汤，
淋洗痛处。（《御药院方》）黄肿水肿∶推车丸∶用明矾二两，青矾一两，白面半斤，同炒令
赤，以醋煮米粉糊为丸。枣汤下三十丸。（《济急方》）女劳黄胆黄家，日晡发热而反恶寒，
膀胱急，少腹满，身尽黄，额上黑，足下热，因作黑疸。其腹胀如水状，大便必黑，时溏，
此女劳之病，非水也。自大劳大热，交接后入水所致。腹满者难治。用矾石（烧）、硝石（熬
黄）等分，为散。以大麦粥汁和服方寸匕。日三服。病从大小便去，小便正黄，大便正黑，
是其候也。（张仲景《金匮方》）妇人黄胆，经水不调，房事触犯所致。白矾、黄蜡各半两，
陈橘皮三钱。为末，化蜡丸梧子大。每服五十丸，以滋血汤或调经汤下。（《济阴方》）妇人
白沃，经水不利，子脏坚癖，中有干血，下白物。用矾石三分（烧）、杏仁一分，研匀，炼
蜜
丸枣核大，纳入脏中，日一易之。（张仲景《金匮方》）妇人阴脱作痒∶矾石烧研，空心酒服
方寸匕，日三。（《千金翼》）男妇遗尿∶枯白矾、牡蛎粉等分。为末。每服方寸匕，温酒下，
日三服。（《余居士选奇方》）二便不通∶白矾末填满脐中，以新汲水滴之，觉冷透腹内，即
自然通。脐平者，以纸围环之。（《经验方》）霍乱吐泻∶枯白矾末一钱，百沸汤调下。（华
陀危病方）伏暑泄泻∶玉华丹∶白矾 为末，醋糊为丸。量大小，用木瓜汤下。（《经验方》）
老人泄泻不止∶枯白矾一两，诃黎勒（煨）七钱半。为末。米饮服二钱，取愈。（《太平圣惠
方》）赤白痢下∶白矾飞过为末，好醋、飞罗面为丸梧子大。赤痢，甘草汤，白痢干姜汤下。
（《生生方》）气痢不止∶巴石丸∶取白矾一大斤，以炭火净地烧令汁尽，其色如雪，谓之巴
石。取一两研末，熟猪肝作丸梧子大。空腹，量人加减。水牛肝更佳。如素食人，以蒸饼为
丸。或云白矾中青黑者，名巴石。（刘禹锡《传信方》）冷劳泄痢食少，诸药不效∶白矾三两
（烧），羊肝一具（去脂），酽醋三升煮烂，擂泥和丸梧子大。每服二十丸，米饮下，早夜各
一
服。（《普济方》）泄泻下痢∶白龙丹∶用明矾枯过为末，飞罗面醋打糊丸梧子大。每服二、
三十丸，白痢姜汤下；赤痢甘草汤下；泄泻米汤下。（《经验方》）疟疾寒热∶即上方，用东
南桃心七个，煎汤下。反胃呕吐∶白矾、硫黄各二两，铫内烧过，入朱砂一分，为末，面糊
丸小豆大。每姜汤下十五丸。又方∶白矾（枯）三两，蒸饼丸梧子大。每空心米饮服十五丸。
（《普济方》）化痰治嗽∶明矾二两，生参末一两，苦醋二升。熬为膏子，以油纸包收，旋丸
豌豆大。每用一丸，放舌下，其嗽立止，痰即消。《定西侯方》∶只用明矾末，醋糊丸梧子大。
每睡时茶下二、三十丸。《摘要》∶用明矾（半生半烧）、山栀子（炒黑）等分。为末，姜汁
糊为
丸。如上服。《杂兴方》∶用白明矾、建茶等分为末，糊丸服。诸心气痛∶《儒门事亲》方∶
生矾一皂子大，醋一盏，煎七分服，立止。邵真人方∶用明矾一两（烧），朱砂一钱，金箔
三个，为末。每服一钱半，空心白汤下。
【背景】（收录于《神农本草经》上品）
【校正】将《海药本草》中的波斯矾、《嘉祐本草》中的柳絮矾并入本条。
【释名】涅石（出自《本草纲目》）、羽涅（出自《神农本草经》）、羽泽（出自《名医别录》），干燥者称为巴石，质地轻白者称为柳絮矾。
李时珍说：矾，就是烧灼的意思，是通过烧灼石头而制成的。《山海经》说：女床山的北坡，盛产涅石。郭璞注释说：这就是矾石。楚地人叫它涅石，秦地人叫它羽涅。
【集解】《名医别录》说：矾石产于河西的山谷，以及陇西武都、石门等地，采集没有固定时间。它能促使铁变成铜。
陶弘景说：现在出产于益州北部西川，是从河西运来的。颜色青白，未炼制的称为马齿矾；炼制后纯白的称为白矾，蜀地人用它代替硝石。其中黄黑色的称为鸡屎矾，不用于药用，只可用于镀金以配合熟铜使用。投入醋中，涂抹在铁上都会呈现铜色。外表虽然是铜色，但内部质地不变。
苏恭说：矾石有五种：白矾多用于药用；青、黑两种矾，治疗疳积及疮疡；黄矾也治疗疮疡生肌，兼用于染皮；绛矾原本是绿色的，烧过后变红，所以叫绛矾。
苏颂说：矾石初生时都是石头，采来后烧碎煎炼，才成为矾。共有五种，颜色各异，即白矾、黄矾、绿矾、黑矾、绛矾。现在白矾产自晋州、慈州、无为军，入药和供印染行业使用的非常多。黄矾是炼丹家所需的，也入药。黑矾只产自西域，也称为皂矾，用于染须发、药用以及染皮。绿矾用于咽喉口齿药及染色。绛矾烧后变红，现在也很少见到。又有矾精、矾蝴蝶、巴石、柳絮矾，这些都是白矾。炼制白矾时，等到极度沸腾，盘心溅溢，像物体飞出，用铁勺接住，形成虫形的，就是矾蝴蝶。如果结成块状光莹如水晶的，就是矾精。这两者入药，效力比普通矾强。煎炼而成，轻虚如棉絮的，是柳絮矾。烧汁至尽，色白如雪的，称为巴石。
寇宗奭说：波斯、大秦出产的白矾，色白且晶莹洁净，内部有束针纹，供炼丹家使用，功力超过河西、石门产的，近日各州诸番往往也有出产。波斯又出产金线矾，打破后内部有金线纹的为上品，多供烧炼家用。
李时珍说：矾石掰开辨别，不止五种。白矾，方士称之为白君，产自晋地的为上品，青州、吴中的次之。洁白如雪的叫雪矾；光亮透明的叫明矾，也叫云母矾；纹理如束针，形状像粉扑的，是波斯白矾，都入药且品质优良。黑矾，就是铅矾，产自晋地；形状像黑泥的是昆仑矾；形状像赤石脂且有金星的是铁矾；形状像紫石英，火烧引燃后成金线，画刀上呈紫赤色的是波斯紫矾，这些都不入内服药，只供炼丹家和外科使用。绿矾、绛矾、黄矾均见本条其他内容。那些杂色的，则有鸡屎矾、鸭屎矾、鸡毛矾、粥矾，都属于下品，也供外丹家用。
【修治】寇宗奭说：凡使用白矾石，用瓷瓶盛装，在火中烧至内外通红，用钳子揭开盖子，随即放入石蜂巢内烧制。每十两用六两巢，烧尽为止。取出放冷，研成粉，用纸包裹，埋在五寸深的土坑中一夜，然后取用。另一种方法：选取光明如水晶，酸、咸、涩味俱全的，研成粉。用瓷瓶装好，用六一泥封裹瓶身，待干，装入三升粉，缓缓加入五方草、紫背天葵各一镒的自然汁，下火逼使药汁干透，盖紧瓶口，上下再用泥封固，用火一百斤煅烧。从巳时至未时，去火取出，其色如银，研成细粉使用。
李时珍说：现在的人只将干汁使用，称为枯矾，不干的为生矾。若用于服食，必须遵循法度。据《九鼎神丹秘诀》，炼制矾石用于服食的方法：用新桑木合围的一具。在密室打扫干净，火烧地面使其发热，洒水在上面，或洒苦酒在上面，然后将白矾铺在地上，用席覆盖，四面用灰拥实固定。经过一天一夜，石精都飞附在席上，扫取收集。未尽的，再按前法操作，数次后才停止，这称为矾精。若想制成水，即以扫下的矾精一斤，纳入三年陈醋一斗中澄清，号称矾华，存放百日更佳。若急用，七日也可。
【气味】酸，寒，无毒；普曰：神农、岐伯认为：酸，久服损伤人骨；扁鹊认为：咸；雷公认为：酸，无毒。徐之才说：涩，凉，有小毒。
徐之才说：甘草为它的引经药，厌恶牡蛎，畏惧麻黄。独孤滔说：用红心灰炮制矾。
【主治】寒热，泄痢白沃，阴蚀恶疮，目痛，坚骨齿。炼制后饵服，可轻身不老增年（《神农本草经》）。清除骨髓中的固热，去除鼻中息肉（《名医别录》）。祛风清热，消痰止渴，暖水脏，治疗中风失音。与桃仁、葱汤沐浴，可发汗（唐·大明）。含咽津液，治疗急喉痹。治疗鼻衄、鼠瘘、瘰疬、疥癣（唐·甄权）。枯矾贴敷嵌甲，牙缝出血如衄血（宋·宗奭）。催吐泻下痰涎饮邪，燥湿解毒追涎，止血定痛，消除恶肉，生长好肉，治疗痈疽疔肿恶疮，癫痫疸疾，通大小便，口齿眼目各种疾病，虎犬蛇蝎百虫咬伤（明·时珍）。波斯白矾（《海药本草》）
【气味】酸、涩，温，无毒。
【主治】赤白带下阴蚀，泄痢疮疥，解一切虫蛇等毒，去除目赤暴肿齿痛，火炼后使用效果好（唐·李珣）。柳絮矾（《嘉祐本草》）
【气味】同矾石。
【主治】消痰止渴，润心肝（唐·大明）。
【发明】陶弘景说：民间配药，火熬令干燥，用来治疗牙痛，多了会坏齿，就是伤骨的证候。而《神农本草经》说坚骨齿，确实令人怀疑。
寇宗奭说：不可多服，损伤心肺，因为矾能退水的缘故。水化书纸上，纸才干则水不能湿润，所以知道它的性质是退水。治疗膈下涎药多用此意。
李时珍说：矾石的用途有四：吐利风热之痰涎，取其酸苦涌泄的作用；治疗诸血痛、脱肛、阴挺、疮疡，取其酸涩收敛的作用；治疗痰饮、泄痢、崩带、风眼，取其收敛燥湿的作用；治疗喉痹、痈疽、中蛊、蛇虫伤螫，取其解毒的作用。按：《李迅痈疽方》说：凡人患痈疽发背，不问老少，都宜服用黄矾丸。服用到一两以上，无不生效，最止疼痛，不动脏腑，救活的人不可胜数。用明亮白矾一两生研，用好黄蜡七钱熔化，和丸如梧桐子大。每次服十丸，逐渐加至二十丸，温水送下。如未破溃则内消，已破溃即刻愈合。如服用金石药物引发疮毒者，用白矾末一二匙，温酒调下，亦三五服见效。有人遍身生疮，状如蛇头，服用此药也有效。各方都称奇效，但一日中服用近百粒，才有力。此药不仅止痛生肌，能防毒瓦斯内攻，护膜止泻，托里化脓之功很大，服用至半斤尤佳，不可轻视其浅近，要知道白矾大能解毒。现在人名为蜡矾丸，使用确实有效验。
【附方】旧方二十五首，新方六十四首。
中风痰厥，四肢不收，气闭膈塞者：白矾一两，牙皂角五钱。研为末。每次服一钱，温水调下，以吐出痰为度。（陈师古方）胸中痰滞，头痛不欲食：矾石一两，水二升，煮取一升，纳蜜半合，顿服。须臾大吐，未吐，饮少量热汤引导。（《外台秘要》）风痰痫病：化痰丸：生白矾一两，细茶五钱，研为末，炼蜜丸如梧桐子大。一岁十丸，茶汤送下；成人五十丸。久服，痰自大便中出，断病根。（邓笔峰《杂兴》）小儿胎寒，啼哭发痫：白矾煨半日，枣肉丸黍米大。每次哺乳下一丸，愈乃止，去痰良。（《保幼大全》）产后不语：胡氏孤凤散：用生白矾末一钱，熟水调下。（《妇人良方》）牙关紧急不开者：白矾、盐花等分。搽之，涎出自开。（《集简方》）走马喉痹：用生白矾末涂于绵针上，按于喉中，立破。绵针者，用榆条，上以绵缠作枣大也。（《儒门事亲方》）喉痈乳蛾：《济生》帐带散：用矾三钱，铁铫内熔化，入劈开巴豆三粒，煎干去豆，研矾用之，入喉立愈。甚者，以醋调灌之。亦名通关散。法制乌龙胆：用白矾末盛入猪胆中，风干研末。每次吹一钱入喉，取涎出妙。咽喉谷贼肿痛：生矾石末少少点肿处，吐涎，以痒为度。（《圣惠方》）风热喉痛：白矾半斤，研末化水，新砖一片，浸透取晒，又浸又晒，至水干，入粪厕中浸一月，取洗，安阴处，待霜出扫收。每次服半钱，水下。（《普济方》）悬痈垂长咽中烦闷：白矾（烧灰）、盐花等分。为末。箸头频点药在上，去涎。（孙用和《秘宝方》）小儿舌膜：初生小儿有白膜皮裹舌，或遍舌根。可以用指甲刮破令血出，以烧矾末半绿豆许，敷之。若不摘去，其儿必哑。（姚和众《至宝方》）牙齿肿痛：白矾一两（烧灰），大露蜂房一两（微炙）为散。每次用二钱，水煎含漱去涎。（《简要济众方》）患齿碎坏欲尽者：常以绵裹矾石含嚼，吐去汁。（《肘后方》）齿龈血出不止：矾石一两（烧）。水三升，煮一升，含漱。（《千金方》）木舌肿强：白矾、桂心等分，为末。安舌下。（《圣惠方》）太阴口疮：生甘草二寸，白矾一粟大。噙之，咽津。（《活法机要》）口舌生疮，下虚上壅：定斋方：用白矾泡汤濯足。张子和方：用白矾（末）、黄丹（水飞炒）等分研，擦之。小儿鹅口，满口白烂：枯矾一钱，朱砂二分。为末。每次以少许敷之，日三次，神验。（《普济方》）小儿舌疮，饮乳不得：白矾和鸡子置醋中，涂儿足底，二七日愈。（《千金方》）口中气臭：明矾，入麝香为末，擦牙上。（《生生编》）衄血不止：枯矾末吹之，妙。（《圣济方》）鼻中息肉：《千金》：用矾烧末，猪脂和，绵裹塞之。数日息肉随药出。一方：用明矾一两，蓖麻仁七个，盐梅肉五个，麝香一字杵丸。绵裹塞之，化水自下也。眉毛脱落：白矾十两。烧研，蒸饼丸梧子大。每次空心温水下七丸，日加一丸，至四十九日减一丸，周而复始，以愈为度。（《圣济录》）发斑怪证：有人眼赤鼻张，大喘，浑身出斑，毛发如铜铁，乃热毒瓦斯结于下焦也。白矾、滑石各一两为末，作一服。水三碗，煎减半，不住服，尽即安。（夏子益《奇疾方》）目翳弩肉：白矾石纳黍米大入目，令泪出。日日用之，恶汁去尽，其疾日减。（《外台秘要》）目生白膜：矾石一升。水四合，铜器中煎半合，入少蜜调之，以绵滤过。每日点三、四度。（姚和众《延龄至宝方》）赤目风肿：甘草水磨明矾敷眼胞上效。或用枯矾频擦眉心。（《集简方》）烂弦风眼：白矾（煅）一两，铜青三钱。研末，汤泡澄清，点洗。（《永类方》）耳出汁：枯矾一两，铅丹（炒）一钱。为末，日吹之。（《圣济录》）猝死壮热：矾石半斤，水一斗半，煮汤浸脚及踝，即得苏也。（《肘后方》）香港脚冲心：白矾三两。水一斗五升，煎沸浸洗。（《千金方》）风湿膝痛，脚膝风湿，虚汗，少力多痛，及阴汗。烧矾末一匙头，投沸汤，淋洗痛处。（《御药院方》）黄肿水肿：推车丸：用明矾二两，青矾一两，白面半斤，同炒令赤，以醋煮米粉糊为丸。枣汤下三十丸。（《济急方》）女劳黄胆黄家，日晡发热而反恶寒，膀胱急，少腹满，身尽黄，额上黑，足下热，因作黑疸。其腹胀如水状，大便必黑，时溏，此女劳之病，非水也。自大劳大热，交接后入水所致。腹满者难治。用矾石（烧）、硝石（熬黄）等分，为散。以大麦粥汁和服方寸匕。日三服。病从大小便去，小便正黄，大便正黑，是其候也。（张仲景《金匮方》）妇人黄胆，经水不调，房事触犯所致。白矾、黄蜡各半两，陈橘皮三钱。为末，化蜡丸梧子大。每次服五十丸，以滋血汤或调经汤下。（《济阴方》）妇人白沃，经水不利，子脏坚癖，中有干血，下白物。用矾石三分（烧）、杏仁一分，研匀，炼蜜丸枣核大，纳入脏中，日一易之。（张仲景《金匮方》）妇人阴脱作痒：矾石烧研，空心酒服方寸匕，日三。（《千金翼》）男妇遗尿：枯白矾、牡蛎粉等分。为末。每次服方寸匕，温酒下，日三服。（《余居士选奇方》）二便不通：白矾末填满脐中，以新汲水滴之，觉冷透腹内，即自然通。脐平者，以纸围环之。（《经验方》）霍乱吐泻：枯白矾末一钱，百沸汤调下。（华陀危病方）伏暑泄泻：玉华丹：白矾煅为末，醋糊为丸。量大小，用木瓜汤下。（《经验方》）老人泄泻不止：枯白矾一两，诃黎勒（煨）七钱半。为末。米饮服二钱，取愈。（《太平圣惠方》）赤白痢下：白矾飞过为末，好醋、飞罗面为丸梧子大。赤痢，甘草汤，白痢干姜汤下。（《生生方》）气痢不止：巴石丸：取白矾一大斤，以炭火净地烧令汁尽，其色如雪，谓之巴石。取一两研末，熟猪肝作丸梧子大。空腹，量人加减。水牛肝更佳。如素食人，以蒸饼为丸。或云白矾中青黑者，名巴石。（刘禹锡《传信方》）冷劳泄痢食少，诸药不效：白矾三两（烧），羊肝一具（去脂），酽醋三升煮烂，擂泥和丸梧子大。每次服二十丸，米饮下，早夜各一服。（《普济方》）泄泻下痢：白龙丹：用明矾枯过为末，飞罗面醋打糊丸梧子大。每次服二、三十丸，白痢姜汤下；赤痢甘草汤下；泄泻米汤下。（《经验方》）疟疾寒热：即上方，用东南桃心七个，煎汤下。反胃呕吐：白矾、硫黄各二两，铫内烧过，入朱砂一分，为末，面糊丸小豆大。每次姜汤下十五丸。又方：白矾（枯）三两，蒸饼丸梧子大。每次空心米饮服十五丸。（《普济方》）化痰治嗽：明矾二两，生参末一两，苦醋二升。熬为膏子，以油纸包收，旋丸豌豆大。每次用一丸，放舌下，其嗽立止，痰即消。《定西侯方》：只用明矾末，醋糊丸梧子大。每次睡时茶下二、三十丸。《摘要》：用明矾（半生半烧）、山栀子（炒黑）等分。为末，姜汁糊为丸。如上服。《杂兴方》：用白明矾、建茶等分为末，糊丸服。诸心气痛：《儒门事亲》方：生矾一皂子大，醋一盏，煎七分服，立止。邵真人方：用明矾一两（烧），朱砂一钱，金箔三个，为末。每次服一钱半，空心白汤下。
[Background] (Recorded in the Upper Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Correction] Merged with Persian Alum from *Haiyao Bencao* and Willow Catkin Alum from *Jiayou Bencao*.
[Names] Nie Shi (Nie Stone) (*Bencao Gangmu*), Yu Nie (Feather Nie) (*Shennong Bencao Jing*), Yu Ze (Feather Marsh) (*Mingyi Bielu*). The dried form is called Ba Shi (Ba Stone), and the light, white form is called Liuxu Fan (Willow Catkin Alum).
Li Shizhen stated: "Fan" refers to calcination; it is made by calcining stone. *Shan Hai Jing* states: "On the northern slopes of Mount Nüchuang, there is much Nie Shi." Guo Pu annotated: "This is Fan Shi (Alum Stone)." People in Chu called it Nie Shi, while people in Qin called it Yu Nie.
[Collection of Explanations] *Mingyi Bielu* states: Alum Stone is produced in the valleys of Hexi, as well as in Wudu and Shimen of Longxi. It can be harvested at any time. It can transform iron into copper.
Tao Hongjing stated: "It is currently produced in the northern part of Yizhou and Western Sichuan, coming from Hexi. Its color is greenish-white. The raw form is called Machi Fan (Horse-tooth Alum); after refining, the pure white form is called Bai Fan (White Alum), which people in Shu use as a substitute for Xiao Shi (Saltpeter). The yellow-black form is called Jishi Fan (Chicken-dung Alum), which is not used medicinally but can be used for plating to combine with refined copper. When thrown into vinegar, it turns iron copper-colored on the surface, though the internal quality remains unchanged."
Su Gong stated: "There are five types of Alum Stone: Bai Fan (White Alum) is mostly used medicinally; Qing Fan (Green Alum) and Hei Fan (Black Alum) treat gan disease (pediatric malnutrition) and sores; Huang Fan (Yellow Alum) also treats sores to promote flesh growth and is used for leather dyeing; Jiang Fan (Crimson Alum) is originally green but turns red after calcination, hence its name."
Su Song stated: "Alum Stone is initially stone; after harvesting, it is calcined, crushed, decocted, and refined to become alum. There are five kinds with different colors: Bai Fan, Huang Fan, Lü Fan (Green Alum), Hei Fan, and Jiang Fan. Currently, Bai Fan is produced in Jinzhou, Cizhou, and Wuwei Jun, and is widely used in medicine and dyeing. Huang Fan is needed by alchemists and is also used in medicine. Hei Fan is only produced in the Western Regions, also known as Zao Fan (Soap Alum), used for dyeing eyebrows/hair, medicinal purposes, and leather dyeing. Lü Fan is used in throat and dental medicines and for dyeing. Jiang Fan turns red when calcined and is rarely seen today. There are also Fan Jing (Alum Essence), Fan Hudié (Alum Butterfly), Ba Shi, and Liuxu Fan, all of which are Bai Fan. When refining Bai Fan, when it boils vigorously and splashes from the center of the pan like an object flying out, catch it with an iron spoon; if it forms a worm-like shape, it is Fan Hudié. If it forms a block that is smooth and translucent like crystal, it is Fan Jing. Both have stronger medicinal potency than ordinary alum. The form that is light and hollow like cotton after refining is Liuxu Fan. The form where the juice is completely burned off and the color is white as snow is called Ba Shi."
Kou Zongshi stated: "Bai Fan produced in Persia and Daqin (Byzantium/Rome) is white and crystal clear, with needle-bundle patterns inside. It is used by alchemists and has greater efficacy than that from Hexi or Shimen. Recently, various foreign goods from various prefectures often contain it. Persia also produces Jin Xian Fan (Gold-line Alum), where breaking it reveals gold-line patterns inside; this is superior and mostly used by refiners."
Li Shizhen stated: "When broken and distinguished, Alum Stone is not limited to five types. Bai Fan, referred to as Bai Jun (White Lord) by Daoist alchemists, is best when produced in Jin; those from Qingzhou and Wuzhong are secondary. Snow Fan (Snow Alum) is pure white; Ming Fan (Bright Alum) is luminous, also called Yunmu Fan (Mica Alum). Those with needle-bundle patterns resembling powder puffs are Persian Bai Fan, all of which are good for medicinal use. Hei Fan is Qian Fan (Lead Alum), produced in Jin; those resembling black mud are Kunlun Fan; those resembling Chishi Zhi (Red Earth Lipid) with gold stars are Tie Fan (Iron Alum); those resembling Zi Shi Ying (Purple Quartz) which turn into gold lines when heated and appear purple-red when drawn on a knife are Persian Zi Fan (Purple Alum). None of these are used for internal ingestion, only for alchemy and external sores. Lü Fan, Jiang Fan, and Huang Fan are described elsewhere in this entry. The miscellaneous colored ones include Jishi Fan, Yashi Fan (Duck-dung Alum), Jimao Fan (Chicken-feather Alum), and Zhou Fan (Porridge Alum), all classified as Lower Grade, also used by external alchemists."
[Preparation] Kou Zongshi stated: "To use Bai Fan Shi, place it in a porcelain bottle, heat it in fire until red inside and out. Use tongs to lift the lid, immediately insert a stone bee hive, and burn. For every ten liang of alum, use six liang of hive. Burn until exhausted. Take out, let cool, grind into powder, wrap in paper, and bury in a five-cun deep soil pit overnight before use. Another method: Select alum bright as crystal with complete sour, salty, and astringent tastes, grind into powder. Place in a porcelain bottle sealed with Liu Yi Ni (Six-One Mud). Wait for it to dry, add three sheng of powder, then slowly add one yi of natural juice from Wufang Cao and Zi Bei Tian Kui. Apply fire to force the juice to dry. Cover the bottle mouth, seal top and bottom with mud, and fire with 100 jin of fuel. From Si hour to Wei hour, remove fire and take out. The color will be like silver; grind into fine powder for use."
Li Shizhen stated: "Currently, people only use the dried juice form, called Ku Fan (Dry/Withered Alum), while the non-dried form is Sheng Fan (Raw Alum). If used for ingestion, one must follow proper methods. According to *Jiuding Shendan Mijue*, the method for refining Alum Stone for ingestion: Use a new mulberry wood vessel. Cleanly sweep a secret room, heat the floor by fire, sprinkle water or vinegar on it, then spread Bai Fan on the floor. Cover with a mat, and secure the four sides with ash. After one day and night, the essence of the stone flies onto the mat. Sweep and collect it. Repeat the process until finished; this is called Fan Jing. To make water, dissolve one jin of collected Fan Jing in one dou of three-year-old vinegar, clarifying it. This is called Fan Hua; stored for 100 days is better. For urgent use, seven days suffice."
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sour, cold, non-toxic. Pu stated: Shennong and Qibo said: Sour; long-term use damages bones. Bian Que said: Salty. Lei Gong said: Sour, non-toxic. Xu Zhicai said: Astringent, cool, slightly toxic.
Xu Zhicai stated: Gan Cao (Licorice Root) is its guiding herb; it is incompatible with Mu Li (Oyster Shell) and fears Ma Huang (Ephedra). Dugu Tao stated: Process with Red Heart Ash.
[Indications] Treats chills and fever, dysentery with white discharge, genital erosion and malignant sores, eye pain, and strengthens bones and teeth. Refined and ingested, it lightens the body, prevents aging, and increases lifespan (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Clears persistent heat in the bone marrow, removes nasal polyps (*Mingyi Bielu*). Dispels wind and clears heat, resolves phlegm and stops thirst, warms the Water Organ (Kidney/Bladder), treats stroke-induced aphasia. Bathing with Tao Ren (Peach Kernel) and Cong Tang (Scallion Decoction) induces sweating (Tang Dynasty - Da Ming). Sucking and swallowing saliva treats acute throat obstruction (Bi Syndrome). Treats epistaxis, rat sores (Lymphatic Tuberculosis), scrofula, scabies, and tinea (Tang Dynasty - Zhen Quan). Ku Fan applied to ingrown nails stops bleeding from gum gaps (Song Dynasty - Zongshi). Induces vomiting and purging of phlegm-fluid retention, dries dampness, detoxifies, draws out salivation, stops bleeding and pain, eliminates foul flesh, promotes healthy flesh growth, treats carbuncles, furuncles, malignant sores, epilepsy, jaundice, unblocks large and small intestines, treats diseases of the mouth, teeth, eyes, and wounds from tigers, dogs, snakes, scorpions, and insects (Ming Dynasty - Shizhen). Persian Bai Fan (*Haiyao Bencao*)
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sour, astringent, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats leukorrhea (red and white), genital erosion, dysentery, sores, and scabies. Resolves toxins from all insects and snakes. Removes redness and swelling of the eyes and toothache. Best when calcined (Tang Dynasty - Li Xun). Willow Catkin Alum (*Jiayou Bencao*)
[Flavor and Toxicity] Same as Alum Stone.
[Indications] Resolves phlegm and stops thirst, nourishes the Heart and Liver (Tang Dynasty - Da Ming).
[Invention/Analysis] Tao Hongjing stated: "Common practice involves firing medicine until dry to treat toothache; excessive use damages teeth, which is evidence of bone damage. Yet *Bencao Jing* says it strengthens bones and teeth, which is indeed suspicious."
Kou Zongshi stated: "Do not take in large amounts; it damages the Heart and Lungs because it repels water. Writing with alum solution on paper, once dry, the water cannot wet it again, proving its nature repels water. This is why it is often used in medicines for phlegm below the diaphragm."
Li Shizhen stated: "The uses of Alum Stone are fourfold: Vomiting and purging wind-heat phlegm-saliva, utilizing its sour and bitter draining action; treating various blood pains, rectal prolapse, uterine prolapse, and sores, utilizing its sour and astringent astringent action; treating phlegm-fluid retention, dysentery, metrorrhagia/metrostaxis, and wind-eye, utilizing its astringent and drying-dampness action; treating throat obstruction, carbuncles, gu poisoning, and snake/insect bites, utilizing its detoxifying action. Note: *Li Xun Yongju Fang* states: For anyone suffering from carbuncles or back abscesses, regardless of age, Huang Wan (Yellow Pill) should be taken. Taking over one liang is invariably effective, especially for stopping pain without disturbing the zang-fu organs, saving countless lives. Use one liang of bright Bai Fan ground raw, melt seven qian of good yellow beeswax, mix and pill to the size of wutong seeds. Take ten pills per dose, gradually increasing to twenty pills, washed down with cooked water. If not ruptured, it dissipates internally; if ruptured, it heals immediately. If sores are caused by mineral drugs, take one or two spoons of Bai Fan powder mixed in warm wine, showing effect in three to five doses. Someone with widespread sores resembling snake heads also responded well. All formulas claim miraculous effects, but taking nearly a hundred pills a day provides strength. This drug not only stops pain and generates flesh but also prevents toxic vapors from attacking internally, protects membranes, stops diarrhea, and greatly aids in pushing out pus. Taking half a jin is particularly good. Do not underestimate its simplicity; know that Bai Fan greatly detoxifies. Now called La Wan (Wax Pill), it is indeed effective."
[Attached Formulas] Twenty-five old formulas, sixty-four new formulas.
Stroke with phlegm-jue, limbs unable to move, qi closure and diaphragm blockage: Bai Fan one liang, Ya Zao Jiao (Tartar Bean) five qian. Grind to powder. Take one qian per dose, mixed with warm water, until phlegm is vomited up. (Chen Shigu Formula) Phlegm stagnation in the chest, headache, loss of appetite: Fan Shi one liang, water two sheng, boil to one sheng, add half he of honey, take at once. Expect profuse vomiting shortly; if not vomiting, drink some hot water to induce it. (*Waitai Miyao*) Wind-phlegm epilepsy: Huatan Wan (Phlegm-Resolving Pill): Raw Bai Fan one liang, Fine Tea five qian, grind to powder, refine honey and pill to wutong seed size. Ten pills for one-year-old, taken with tea/water; fifty pills for adults. Long-term use expels phlegm via stool, cutting the root of the disease. (Deng Bifeng *Zaxing*) Pediatric fetal cold, crying inducing epilepsy: Bai Fan roasted for half a day, pill with jujube meat to millet size. One pill under milk feeding, stop when cured; excellent for removing phlegm. (*Baoyou Daquan*) Postpartum muteness: Hu Shi Gufeng San: One qian of raw Bai Fan powder, mixed with cooked water. (*Furen Liangfang*) Locked jaw unable to open: Bai Fan and Yanhua (Salt Flower) in equal parts. Apply externally; saliva flows out and jaw opens. (*Jijian Fang*) Rapid-onset throat obstruction: Apply raw Bai Fan powder on a cotton swab, press into throat, breaks immediately. Cotton swab made by wrapping cotton around elm twig to date size. (*Rumen Shiqin Fang*) Throat abscess/polydactyly tonsils: *Jisheng* Zhangdai San: Three qian of alum, melt in iron pot, add three split bitter almonds, fry until dry, remove almonds, grind alum. Insert into throat for immediate cure. Severe cases, mix with vinegar and pour. Also called Tongguan San. Processed Wulong Dan: Fill pig gallbladder with Bai Fan powder, air-dry, grind. Blow one qian into throat to extract phlegm. Swollen painful throat/gullet: Sprinkle small amount of raw Alum Stone powder on swollen area, induce salivation, stop when itching occurs. (*Shenghui Fang*) Wind-heat sore throat: Half jin of Bai Fan, grind to powder, dissolve in water. Soak a new brick, dry in sun, repeat until water dries. Soak in latrine for one month, wash, place in shade, wait for frost to form, sweep and collect. Take half qian, washed down with water. (*Puji Fang*) Hanging abscess, long protrusion, chest stuffiness: Calcined Bai Fan and Yanhua in equal parts. Grind to powder. Frequently apply to upper lip with chopstick tip, remove saliva. (Sun Yonghe *Mibao Fang*) Pediatric tongue membrane: Newborns may have white membrane covering tongue or root. Scratch with fingernail to bleed, apply half mung bean size of calcined Alum powder. If not removed, child will be mute. (Yao Hezhong *Zhibao Fang*) Tooth swelling/pain: Bai Fan one liang (calcined to ash), Dalu Fengfang (Large Honeycomb) one liang (lightly roasted), grind to powder. Use two qian, decoct in water, gargle to remove saliva. (*Jianyao Jizhong Fang*) Teeth crumbling/almost gone: Wrap Alum Stone in cotton, chew, spit out juice. (*Zhouhou Fang*) Gum bleeding uncontrollable: Alum Stone one liang (calcined). Water three sheng, boil to one sheng, gargle. (*Qianjin Fang*) Wooden tongue/swelling/stiffness: Bai Fan and Guixin (Cinnamon Heart) in equal parts, grind to powder. Place under tongue. (*Shenghui Fang*) Taiyin Mouth Ulcer: Raw Gancao two cun, Bai Fan size of millet grain. Hold in mouth, swallow saliva. (*Huofa Jiyao*) Mouth/tongue ulcers, lower deficiency with upper congestion: Dingzhai Formula: Wash feet with Bai Fan soaked water. Zhang Zihe Formula: Equal parts Bai Fan (powder) and Huangdan (Malachite, water-ground and roasted), grind, apply. Pediatric oral thrush, rotten white mouth: Ku Fan one qian, Zhusha (Cinnabar) two fen. Grind to powder. Apply small amount occasionally, three times daily, miraculous. (*Puji Fang*) Pediatric tongue ulcer, inability to suckle: Mix Bai Fan with egg, place in vinegar, apply to infant's soles, heal in 14 days. (*Qianjin Fang*) Bad breath: Ming Fan (Bright Alum), add She Xiang (Musk), grind to powder, rub on teeth. (*Shengsheng Bian*) Uncontrollable epistaxis: Blow Ku Fan powder, miraculous. (*Shengji Fang*) Nasal polyps: *Qianjin*: Calcine alum to powder, mix with pig fat, wrap in cotton, insert into nose. Polyps exit with medicine after several days. Alternative: Ming Fan one liang, Ricinus Seed seven, Salt Plum Flesh five, She Xiang one zi, pound into pill. Wrap in cotton, insert, melts into water and drains downward. Eyebrow loss: Bai Fan ten liang. Calcine, grind, pill with steamed bread dough to wutong seed size. Take seven pills on empty stomach with warm water, increase one pill daily until day 49, then decrease one pill daily, cycle until healed. (*Shengji Lu*) Strange macule syndrome: Person with red eyes, bulging nose, severe panting, whole body covered in spots, hair like copper/iron. Heat-toxin vapor accumulated in Lower Jiao. Bai Fan and Huashi (Talc) each one liang, grind to powder, take as one dose. Decoct three bowls of water to half, administer continuously until finished, then stable. (Xia Zi Yi *Qiji Fang*) Eye nebula/pterygium: Put Bai Fan Stone size of millet grain into eye, induce tearing. Use daily, bad fluid goes, disease decreases daily. (*Waitai Miyao*) White membrane on eye: Fan Shi one sheng. Water four ge, decoct in copper vessel to half ge, add little honey, filter through cotton. Instill three to four times daily. (Yao Hezhong *Yanling Zhibao Fang*) Red eye wind-swelling: Grind Ming Fan in Gancao water, apply to eyelids, effective. Or frequently rub Ku Fan on glabella. (*Jijian Fang*) Rotting eyelid margin wind-eye: Calcined Bai Fan one liang, Tongqing (Verdigris) three qian. Grind to powder, soak in hot water, clarify, instill/wash. (*Yonglei Fang*) Ear discharge: Ku Fan one liang, Qiandan (Lead Tetroxide, roasted) one qian. Grind to powder, blow into ear daily. (*Shengji Lu*) Sudden death with high fever: Fan Shi half jin, water one dan and half, decoct soup, soak feet and ankles, revive immediately. (*Zhouhou Fang*) Podagra rushing to heart: Bai Fan three liang. Water one dan and five sheng, boil, soak/wash. (*Qianjin Fang*) Wind-damp knee pain, foot/knee wind-damp, deficiency sweating, weakness, many pains, and yin sweat. One spoonful of calcined Alum powder, throw into boiling water, rinse painful area. (*Yuyao Yuan Fang*) Yellow edema/water swelling: Tuiche Wan: Ming Fan two liang, Qing Fan (Green Alum) one liang, White Flour half jin, stir-fry together until red, paste with vinegar-boiled rice flour, pill. Take thirty pills with jujube soup. (*Jiji Fang*) Female labor jaundice/yellow family, afternoon fever with aversion to cold, bladder urgency, lower abdominal fullness, whole body yellow, forehead black, heat under feet, resulting in Black Jaundice. Abdominal distension like water, stool must be black, sometimes loose. This is female labor disease, not water swelling. Caused by great fatigue/heat, entering water after intercourse. Full abdomen is difficult to treat. Use Fan Shi (calcined) and Xiao Shi (roasted yellow) in equal parts, grind to powder. Mix with barley porridge juice, take one cun-bi. Three times daily. Disease exits via large/small intestine, urine becomes truly yellow, stool truly black, this is the sign. (Zhang Zhongjing *Jingui Fang*) Female jaundice, irregular menstruation, caused by sexual activity contact. Bai Fan and Huangla (Yellow Beeswax) each half liang, Chenjupi (Aged Tangerine Peel) three qian. Grind to powder, melt wax, pill to wutong seed size. Take fifty pills, washed down with Zixue Tang or Tiaojing Tang. (*Jiyin Fang*) Female white discharge, irregular menstruation, hard masses in uterus, dry blood inside, white discharge. Use Fan Shi three parts (calcined), Xingren (Apricot Seed) one part, grind evenly, refine honey, pill to date pit size, insert into uterus, change daily. (Zhang Zhongjing *Jingui Fang*) Female vaginal prolapse with itching: Calcine and grind Alum Stone, take one cun-bi with wine on empty stomach, three times daily. (*Qianjin Yi*) Male/female enuresis: Ku Bai Fan and Muli Fen (Oyster Powder) in equal parts. Grind to powder. Take one cun-bi, washed down with warm wine, three times daily. (*Yu Jushi Xuanqi Fang*) Urinary and fecal obstruction: Fill umbilicus with Bai Fan powder, drip fresh water, feel cold penetrating abdomen, naturally unblocks. If flat umbilicus, surround with paper ring. (*Jingyan Fang*) Cholera vomiting/diarrhea: Ku Bai Fan powder one qian, mixed with boiling water. (Hua Tuo Weibing Fang) Summerheat hidden diarrhea: Yuhua Dan: Calcined Bai Fan powder, vinegar paste pill. Dosage by size, washed down with Papaya Soup. (*Jingyan Fang*) Elderly continuous diarrhea: Ku Bai Fan one liang, Helile (Chebula, roasted) seven qian half. Grind to powder. Take two qian with rice drink, until cured. (*Taiping Shenghui Fang*) Red/white dysentery: Bai Fan passed through water, grind to powder, good vinegar, refined wheat flour, pill to wutong seed size. Red dysentery, washed down with Gancao Soup; White dysentery, washed down with Ganjiang Soup. (*Shengsheng Fang*) Qi dysentery unceasing: Bashí Wan: Take one da jin of Bai Fan, burn on clean charcoal fire until juice is gone, color like snow, called Bashí. Take one liang, grind to powder, make pills with cooked beef liver to wutong seed size. Empty stomach, adjust dosage. Water buffalo liver is better. For vegetarians, use steamed bread pill. Or say green/black Bai Fan is called Bashí. (Liu Yuxi *Chuanxin Fang*) Cold consumption dysentery/appetite loss, other drugs ineffective: Bai Fan three liang (calcined), Sheep Liver one piece (remove fat), strong vinegar three sheng, boil until soft, mash into paste, mix and pill to wutong seed size. Take twenty pills, washed down with rice drink, morning and evening. (*Puji Fang*) Diarrhea/dysentery: Bailong Dan: Calcined Ming Fan powder, refined wheat flour vinegar paste pill to wutong seed size. Take 20-30 pills, White Dysentery with Ginger Soup; Red Dysentery with Gancao Soup; Diarrhea with Rice Soup. (*Jingyan Fang*) Malaria chills/fever: Same formula above, washed down with decoction of seven Southeast Peach Hearts. Regurgitation/vomiting: Bai Fan and Liuhuang (Sulfur) each two liang, roast in pot, add Zhusha one fen, grind to powder, wheat paste pill to soybean size. Take fifteen pills with Ginger Soup. Another formula: Ku Bai Fan three liang, steamed bread pill to wutong seed size. Take fifteen pills with rice drink on empty stomach. (*Puji Fang*) Resolve phlegm/cough: Ming Fan two liang, Sheng Shen (Raw Ginseng) powder one liang, bitter vinegar two sheng. Boil into paste, wrap in oil paper, pill to pea size. Take one pill, place under tongue, cough stops immediately, phlegm dissolves. *Dingxi Hou Fang*: Only Ming Fan powder, vinegar paste pill to wutong seed size. Take 20-30 pills with tea before sleep. *Zhaiyao*: Equal parts Ming Fan (half raw half calcined) and Shanzhizi (Gardenia, charred black), grind to powder, ginger juice paste pill. Take as above. *Zaxing Fang*: Equal parts Bai Ming Fan and Jiancha (Jian Tea), grind to powder, paste pill. All Heart-Qi Pain: *Rumen Shiqin* Formula: Raw Alum size of soap pod, one cup vinegar, decoct to 70%, take, stops immediately. Shao Zhenren Formula: Ming Fan one liang (calcined), Zhusha one qian, Jinbo (Gold Foil) three sheets, grind to powder. Take one qian half, washed down with plain water on empty stomach.