（白鸭者良，炼过用）
【气味】甘，大寒，无毒。
思邈曰∶甘，平。
【主治】气虚寒热，水肿（《别录》）。
【附方】新一。
瘰 汁出不止∶用鸭脂调半夏末敷之。（《永类方》）
肉
【气味】甘，冷，微毒。
弘景曰∶黄雌鸭为补最胜。
诜曰∶白鸭肉最良。黑鸭肉有毒，滑中，发冷利、香港脚，不可食。目白者，杀人。
瑞曰∶肠风下血人不可食。
时珍曰∶嫩者毒，老者良。尾 不可食，见《礼记》。昔有人食鸭肉成症，用秫米治之
而愈。见秫米下。
【主治】补虚除客
华》）。头生疮肿。和葱、豉煮汁饮之，去卒然烦热（孟诜。并用白鸭）。
【发明】刘完素曰∶ 之利水，因其气相感而为使也。
时珍曰∶鸭，水禽也。治水利小便，宜用青头雄鸭，取水木生发之象。治虚劳热毒，宜
用乌骨白鸭，取金水寒肃之象也。
【附方】旧三，新一。
白凤膏∶葛可久云∶治久虚发热，咳嗽吐痰，咳血，火
血入温酒量饮，使直入肺经以酒补之。将鸭干
参苓平胃散末一升，缚定。用沙瓮一个，置鸭在内，以炭火慢煨。将陈酒一瓶，作三次入之。
酒干为度，取起，食鸭及枣。频作取愈。（《十药神书》）大腹水病，
小便短少∶《百一方》∶用青头雄鸭煮汁饮，浓盖取汗。《心镜》∶治十种水病垂
死。用青头鸭一只，如常治切，和米并五味煮作粥食。又方∶用白鸭一只治净，以 饭半
升，同姜、椒入鸭腹中缝定，蒸熟食之。
头（雄鸭者良）
【主治】煮服，治水肿，通利小便（恭曰∶古方有鸭头丸）。
【附方】新一。
鸭头丸∶治阳水暴肿，面赤，烦躁喘急，小便涩。其效如神，此裴河东方也。用甜葶苈
（炒）二两（熬膏），汉防己末二两，以绿头鸭血同头全捣三千杵，丸梧子大。每木通汤下
七十丸，日三服。一加猪苓一两。（《外台秘要》）
脑
【主治】冻疮，取涂之良（时珍）。
血（白鸭者良）
【气味】咸，冷，无毒。
【主治】解诸毒（《别录》）。热饮，解野葛毒。已死者，入咽即活（孟诜）。热血，解中
生金、生银、丹石、砒霜
即愈（时珍）。
【附方】新三。
卒中恶死或先病痛，或卧而忽绝∶并取雄鸭，向死人口断其头，沥血入口。外以竹筒吹
其下部，极则易人，气通即活也。（《肘后》）
解百蛊毒∶白鸭血热饮之。（《广记》）
小儿白痢似鱼冻者∶白鸭杀取血，滚酒泡服，即止也。（《摘玄方》）
舌
【主治】痔疮杀虫，取相制也（时珍）。
涎
【主治】小儿 风，头及
即消（时珍。出《海上》）。
胆
【气味】苦、辛，寒，无毒。
【主治】涂痔核，良。又点赤目初起，亦效（时珍）。
【主治】诸骨哽，炙研，水服一钱即愈，取其消导也（时珍）。
卵
【气味】甘、咸，微寒，无毒。
诜曰∶多食发冷气，令人气短背闷。小儿多食，脚软。盐藏食之，即宜人。
士良曰∶生疮毒者食之，令恶肉突出。
弘景曰∶不可合鳖肉、李子食，害人。合椹食，令人生子不顺。
【主治】心腹胸膈热（《日华》）。
【发明】
时珍曰∶今人盐藏鸭子，其法多端。俗传小儿泄痢，炙咸卵食之，亦间有愈者。盖鸭肉
能治痢，而炒盐亦治血痢故耳。
白鸭通（即鸭屎也。与马通同义）
【气味】冷，无
【主治】杀石药毒，解结缚，散畜热（《别录》）。主热毒、毒痢。又
肿毒，即消。涂蚯蚓咬，亦效（孟诜）。绞汁服，解
【附方】旧一，新二。
石药过剂∶白鸭屎为末，水服二钱，效。（《百一方》）
乳石发动烦热∶用
热疮肿痛不可忍∶用家鸭粪同鸡子清调敷，即消。（《圣惠》）
【脂肪】（以白鸭的脂肪为佳，经炼制后使用）
【气味】甘味，大寒性质，无毒。
孙思邈说：甘味，平性。
【主治】气虚引起的寒热往来，水肿（出自《名医别录》）。
【附方】新增一方。
瘰疬溃烂流脓不止：用鸭脂调和半夏末外敷患处。（出自《永类方》）
【肉】
【气味】甘味，冷性，微毒。
陶弘景说：黄雌鸭的补益效果最好。
孟诜说：白鸭肉最佳。黑鸭肉有毒，滑肠，易引发冷泻、脚气病，不可食用。眼睛发白的鸭子，吃了会杀人。
李瑞说：患有肠风下血的人不可食用。
李时珍说：嫩鸭有毒，老鸭良善。鸭尾不可食用，见载于《礼记》。过去有人吃鸭肉导致形成症积，用秫米治疗而痊愈。详见秫米条下。
【主治】补虚损，去除客邪（出自《本草拾遗》等）。头生疮肿：与葱、豆豉煮汁饮用，可去除突发的烦热（孟诜。均用白鸭）。
【发明】刘完素说：鸭肉的利水作用，是因其气机相感而起到引导作用。
李时珍说：鸭是水禽。治疗水利和小便不利，宜用青头雄鸭，取水生木、木主生发的意象。治疗虚劳热毒，宜用乌骨白鸭，取金生水、水主寒肃的意象。
【附方】旧有三方，新增一方。
白凤膏：葛可久说：治疗长期虚弱发热，咳嗽吐痰，咳血，吐血。将鸭干参苓平胃散末一升，绑紧。用一个沙瓮，将鸭放入其中，用炭火慢煨。将陈酒一瓶，分三次倒入。直到酒干为止，取出，吃鸭肉和枣。频繁制作服用直至痊愈。（出自《十药神书》）大腹水病，小便短少：《百一方》：用青头雄鸭煮汁饮用，严密覆盖身体取汗。《心镜》：治疗十种水病垂危。用青头鸭一只，按常规处理切块，与米及五味调料一起煮成粥食用。又一方：用白鸭一只处理干净，将糯米半升，同姜、椒放入鸭腹中缝好，蒸熟食用。
【头】（以雄鸭的头为佳）
【主治】煮服，治疗水肿，通利小便（恭曰：古方中有鸭头丸）。
【附方】新增一方。
鸭头丸：治疗阳水暴肿，面赤，烦躁喘急，小便涩滞。其效如神，这是裴河东方传下的方子。用甜葶苈（炒）二两（熬成膏），汉防己末二两，用绿头鸭的血连同鸭头一起捣三千杵，制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次用木通汤送服七十丸，每日三次。加猪苓一两。（出自《外台秘要》）
【脑】
【主治】冻疮，取鸭脑涂抹疗效好（李时珍）。
【血】（以白鸭血为佳）
【气味】咸味，冷性，无毒。
【主治】解各种毒素（《名医别录》）。热饮，解野葛毒。已经死亡的人，灌入咽喉即可复活（孟诜）。热血，解中毒于金、银、丹石、砒霜者，即愈（李时珍）。
【附方】新增三方。
卒中恶死或先病痛，或卧而忽绝：并取雄鸭，向死者口断其头，沥血入口。外部用竹筒吹其下部，极则易人，气通即活也。（《肘后备急方》）
解百蛊毒：白鸭血热饮之。（《广记》）
小儿白痢似鱼冻者：白鸭杀取血，滚酒泡服，即止也。（《摘玄方》）
【胆】
【气味】苦、辛，寒，无毒。
【主治】涂痔核，良。又点赤目初起，亦效（时珍）。
【主治】诸骨哽，炙研，水服一钱即愈，取其消导也（时珍）。
【卵】
【气味】甘、咸，微寒，无毒。
诜曰∶多食发冷气，令人气短背闷。小儿多食，脚软。盐藏食之，即宜人。
士良曰∶生疮毒者食之，令恶肉突出。
弘景曰∶不可合鳖肉、李子食，害人。合椹食，令人生子不顺。
【主治】心腹胸膈热（《日华》）。
【发明】
时珍曰∶今人盐藏鸭子，其法多端。俗传小儿泄痢，炙咸卵食之，亦间有愈者。盖鸭肉
能治痢，而炒盐亦治血痢故耳。
【白鸭通（即鸭屎也。与马通同义）】
【气味】冷，无
【主治】杀石药毒，解结缚，散畜热（《别录》）。主热毒、毒痢。又
肿毒，即消。涂蚯蚓咬，亦效（孟诜）。绞汁服，解
【附方】旧一，新二。
石药过剂∶白鸭屎为末，水服二钱，效。（《百一方》）
乳石发动烦热∶用
热疮肿痛不可忍∶用家鸭粪同鸡子清调敷，即消。（《圣惠》）
[Fat] (White duck fat is preferred, used after refining)
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, Greatly Cold, Non-toxic.
Sun Simiao said: Sweet, Neutral.
[Indications] Qi deficiency with alternating cold and heat, edema (from *Bie Lu*).
[Additional Prescriptions] One new prescription.
Scrofula ulcerating with continuous discharge: Use duck fat to mix with Pinellia powder for external application. (From *Yong Lei Fang*)
[Meat]
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, Cold, Slightly toxic.
Tao Hongjing said: Yellow female duck has the best tonifying effect.
Meng Shen said: White duck meat is the best. Black duck meat is toxic, causes slippery intestines, and can trigger cold diarrhea and gout; it should not be eaten. Ducks with white eyes are poisonous and can cause death if consumed.
Li Rui said: People suffering from intestinal wind with bloody stool should not eat it.
Li Shizhen said: Young ducks are toxic, while old ducks are beneficial. The duck tail should not be eaten, as recorded in *Li Ji*. In the past, someone developed a mass after eating duck meat and was cured using Sorghum (*Shumi*); see the entry for Sorghum.
[Indications] Tonify deficiency and eliminate pathogenic factors (from *Ben Cao Shi Yi*). Sores and swelling on the head: Boil with green onion and fermented soybean (*Chi*), drink the juice to relieve sudden irritability and heat (Meng Shen. Use white duck).
[Elucidation] Liu Wansu said: The diuretic effect of duck meat arises from the mutual influence of their qi.
Li Shizhen said: Ducks are waterfowl. To treat water retention and promote urination, use male ducks with green heads, symbolizing water generating wood and the generative nature of wood. To treat consumptive fever and toxicity, use white ducks with black bones, symbolizing metal generating water and the cold,肃 (solemn/clearing) nature of water.
[Additional Prescriptions] Three old prescriptions, one new prescription.
White Phoenix Paste: Ge Kejiu said: Treats chronic deficiency with fever, cough with phlegm, hemoptysis, and hematemesis. Take one sheng of Ginseng, Poria, and Pingwei San powder, bind tightly. Place one clay pot, put the duck inside, and slow-roast over charcoal fire. Add one bottle of aged wine in three portions. Continue until the wine is dry. Remove, and eat the duck meat and dates. Prepare frequently until cured. (From *Shi Yao Shen Shu*) Abdominal distension due to water accumulation, scanty urine: *Bai Yi Fang*: Boil a male duck with green head, drink the juice, cover tightly to induce sweating. *Xin Jing*: Treats ten types of severe water diseases nearing death. Use one male duck with green head, prepare and chop as usual, cook with rice and five flavors into porridge. Another method: Clean one white duck, place half a sheng of glutinous rice, along with ginger and pepper, inside the duck belly, sew it up, steam, and eat.
[Head] (Male duck head is preferred)
[Indications] Decoct and take to treat edema and promote urination (Gong said: Ancient formulas include Duck Head Pill).
[Additional Prescriptions] One new prescription.
Duck Head Pill: Treats acute Yang-water edema, red face, irritability, panting, and difficult urination. Its efficacy is miraculous; this is a formula passed down by Peihe Dongfang. Use two liang of sweet Descurainia seed (stir-fried) boiled into paste, two liang of Stephania root powder. Mix with blood from a green-headed duck and the duck head, pound for three thousand strikes, form pills the size of梧子 (wuze). Take seventy pills per dose with Wood Tong decoction, three times daily. Add one liang of Polyporus. (From *Waitai Mi Yao*)
[Brain]
[Indications] Frostbite; applying duck brain is effective (Li Shizhen).
[Blood] (White duck blood is preferred)
[Flavor and Nature] Salty, Cold, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Resolves various toxins (*Bie Lu*). Drink hot to resolve wild gecko (*Yege*) toxicity. If the person is already dead, pouring it into the throat revives them (Meng Shen). Hot blood resolves poisoning from gold, silver, cinnabar/mineral stones, and arsenic, leading to immediate recovery (Li Shizhen).
[Additional Prescriptions] Three new prescriptions.
Sudden collapse or death from evil qi, or sudden cessation of breath while lying down: Take a male duck, cut off its head near the deceased's mouth, drip blood into the mouth. Externally, blow air into the lower body using a bamboo tube; change people if necessary until qi flows and life returns. (From *Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*)
Resolve hundred gu poisons: Drink hot white duck blood. (From *Guang Ji*)
Infant white dysentery resembling fish jelly: Kill a white duck, collect blood, soak in boiling wine, and administer to stop symptoms. (From *Zhai Xuan Fang*)
[Tongue]
[Indications] Treats hemorrhoids and kills parasites, based on mutual restriction (Li Shizhen).
[Saliva]
[Indications] Infant [wind], head and [neck]... immediately dissipate (Li Shizhen. From *Hai Shang*).
[Gallbladder]
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, Acrid, Cold, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Apply to hemorrhoidal nodules; effective. Also effective for early-stage red eye (Li Shizhen).
[Indications] For bone splinters stuck in throat: Roast, grind, take one qian with water for immediate relief, utilizing its resolving and guiding properties (Li Shizhen).
[Egg]
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, Salty, Slightly Cold, Non-toxic.
Shen said: Excessive consumption generates cold qi, causing shortness of breath and chest/back oppression. In children, excessive consumption leads to weak legs. Salted and stored eggs are suitable for consumption.
Shiliang said: Consuming it when suffering from sores/toxins causes malignant flesh to protrude.
Hongjing said: Do not consume with turtle meat or plums, as it harms people. Consuming with mulberry fruit causes difficulties in childbirth.
[Indications] Heat in the heart, abdomen, chest, and diaphragm (*Ri Hua*).
[Elucidation]
Li Shizhen said: Nowadays, people salt-cure ducks using various methods. Folklore suggests roasting salty eggs for infants with diarrhea/dysentery, which occasionally works. This is because duck meat treats dysentery, and fried salt also treats bloody dysentery.
[Duck Droppings (Synonymous with Horse Dung)]
[Flavor and Nature] Cold, [No specific flavor mentioned]
[Indications] Kills mineral drug toxicity, resolves binding/stagnation, disperses accumulated heat (*Bie Lu*). Mainly treats heat toxicity and toxic dysentery. Also [reduces swelling/toxins], immediately dissipates. Effective for earthworm bites (Meng Shen). Juice extracted and taken orally resolves [toxicity].
[Additional Prescriptions] One old prescription, two new prescriptions.
Mineral drug overdose: Powder white duck droppings, take two qian with water; effective. (From *Bai Yi Fang*)
Mineral stone drugs triggering irritability and heat: Use [duck droppings mixed with egg white]...
Hot sores with unbearable swelling and pain: Mix domestic duck droppings with egg white for topical application; immediately dissipates. (From *Sheng Hui*)