（《唐本草》）
【校正】自木部移入此。
【释名】昧履支。
时珍曰∶胡椒，因其辛辣似椒，故得椒名，实非椒也。
【集解】恭曰∶胡椒生西戎。形如鼠李子，调食用之，味甚辛辣。
慎微曰∶按∶段成式《酉阳杂俎》云∶胡椒出摩伽陀国，呼为昧履支。其苗蔓生，茎极
柔弱，叶长寸半。有细条与叶齐，条条结子，两两相对。其叶晨开暮合，合则裹其子于叶中。
形似汉椒，至辛辣，六月采，今食料用之。
时珍曰∶胡椒，今南番诸国及交趾、滇南、海南诸地皆有之。蔓生附树及作棚引之。
叶如扁豆、山药辈。正月开黄白花，结椒累累，缠藤而生，状如梧桐子，亦无核，生青熟红，
青
实
【气味】辛，大温，无毒。
时珍曰∶辛热纯阳，走气助火，昏目发疮。
曰∶多食损肺，令人吐血。
【主治】下气温中去痰，除脏腑中风冷（《唐本》）。
去胃口虚冷气，宿食不消，霍乱气逆，心腹猝痛，冷气上冲（李 ）。调五脏，壮肾气，
治冷痢，杀一切鱼、肉、鳖、蕈毒（大明）。去胃寒吐水，大肠寒滑（宗 ）。暖肠胃，除寒
湿，反
【发明】宗 曰∶胡椒去胃中寒痰，食已则吐水甚验。大肠寒滑亦可用，须以他药佐之，
过剂则走气也。
震亨曰∶胡椒，属火而性燥，食之快膈，喜之者众，积久则脾胃肺气大伤。凡病气疾人
，益大其祸也。牙齿痛必用胡椒、荜茇者，散其中浮热也。
时珍曰∶胡椒大辛热，纯阳之物，肠胃寒湿者宜之。热病患食之，动火伤气，阴受其害
。时珍自少嗜之，岁岁病目，而不疑及也。后渐知其弊，遂痛绝之，目病亦止。才食一、二
粒，即便昏涩。此乃昔人所未试者。盖辛走气，热助火，此物气味俱浓故也。病咽喉口齿者，
亦宜忌之。
近医每以绿豆同用，治病有效。盖豆寒椒热，阴阳配合得宜，且以豆制椒毒也。按∶张
从正《儒门事亲》云∶噎膈之病，或因酒得，或因气得，或因胃火。医氏不察，火里烧姜，
汤中煮桂；丁香未已，豆蔻继之；荜茇未已，胡椒继之。虽曰和胃，胃本不寒；虽曰补胃，
胃本不虚。况三阳既结，食必上潮，只宜汤丸小小润之可也。时珍窃谓此说虽是，然亦有食
入反出、无火之证，又有痰气郁结、得辛热暂开之证，不可执一也。
【附方】旧二，新二十二。
心腹冷痛∶胡椒三七枚，清酒吞之。或云一岁一粒。（孟诜《食疗》）
心下大痛∶《寿域方》∶用椒四十九粒，乳香一钱，研匀。男用生姜、女用当归酒下。又
方∶用椒五分，没药三钱，研细。分二服，温酒下。又方∶胡椒、绿豆各四十九粒研烂，酒
下神效。
霍乱吐泻∶孙真人∶用胡椒三十粒，以饮吞之。《直指方》∶用胡椒四十九粒，绿豆一
百四十九粒。研匀，木瓜汤服一钱。
反胃吐食∶戴原礼方∶用胡椒醋浸，晒干，如此七次，为末，酒糊丸梧桐子大。每服三、
四十丸，醋汤下。《圣惠方》∶用胡椒七钱半，煨姜一两，水煎，分二服。《是斋百一方》∶用
胡椒、半夏（汤泡）等分，为末，
夏月冷泻及霍乱∶用胡椒碾末，饭丸梧桐子大。每米饮下四十丸。（《卫生易简方》）
赤白下痢∶胡椒、绿豆各一岁一粒，为末，糊丸梧桐子大。红用生姜、白用米汤下。（《集
简方》）
大小便闭，关格不通，胀闷二、三日则杀人∶胡椒二十一粒，打碎，水一盏，煎六分，
去滓，入芒硝半两，煎化服。（《总录》）
小儿虚胀∶塌气丸∶用胡椒一两，蝎尾半两。为末，面糊丸粟米大。每服五七丸，陈米
饮下。一加莱菔子半两。（钱乙方）虚寒积癖在背膜之外，流于两胁，气逆喘急，久则营卫
凝
滞，溃为痈疽，多致不救∶用胡椒二百五十粒，蝎尾四个，生木香二钱半，为末，粟米饭丸
绿豆大。每服二十丸，橘皮汤下。名磨积丸。（《济生方》）
房劳阴毒∶胡椒七粒，葱心二寸半，麝香一分，捣烂，以黄蜡溶和，做成条子，插入阴
内，少顷汗出即愈。（孙氏《集效方》）
惊风内钓∶胡椒、木鳖子仁等分。为末，醋调黑豆末，和杵，丸绿豆大。每服三、四十
丸，荆芥汤下。（《圣惠》）
发散寒邪∶胡椒、丁香各七粒。碾碎，以葱白捣膏，和涂两手心，合掌握定，夹于大腿
内侧，温覆取汗则愈。（《伤寒蕴要》）
伤寒咳逆，日夜不止，寒气攻胃也∶胡椒三十粒（打碎），麝香半钱，酒一钟，煎半钟，
热服。（《圣惠方》）
风虫牙痛∶《卫生易简方》∶用胡椒、荜茇等分，为末，蜡丸麻子大。每用一丸，塞蛀孔
中。《韩氏医通》∶治风、虫、客寒，三般牙痛，呻吟不止。用胡椒九粒，绿豆十一粒，布裹
捶碎，以丝绵包作一粒，患处咬定，涎出吐去，立愈。《普济方》∶用胡椒一钱半，以羊脂拌
打四十丸，擦之追涎。
阿伽陀丸∶治妇人血崩。用胡椒、紫檀香、郁金、茜根、小柏皮等分。为末，水丸梧桐
子大。每服二十丸，阿胶汤下。时珍曰∶按《酉阳杂俎》∶胡椒出摩伽陀国。此方之名，因
此而讹者也。
沙石淋痛∶胡椒、朴硝等分。为末。每服用二钱，白汤下，日二。名二拗散。（《普济
方》）
蜈蚣咬伤∶胡椒，嚼封之，即不痛。（《多能鄙事》）
（出自《唐本草》）
【校正】从木部移至此处。
【释名】昧履支。
李时珍说：胡椒，因为它的辛辣味道像花椒，所以得名“椒”，但实际上并不是花椒。
【集解】苏恭说：胡椒产于西戎地区。形状像鼠李子，调和食物时食用，味道非常辛辣。
陶慎微说：据段成式《酉阳杂俎》记载：胡椒出产于摩伽陀国，被称为昧履支。它的茎蔓生，茎极其柔弱，叶子长一寸半。有细条与叶子齐平，条条结出果实，两两相对。它的叶子早晨开放，傍晚闭合，闭合时就把果实包裹在叶子中间。形状像汉椒，极其辛辣，六月采摘，现在作为调料使用。
李时珍说：胡椒，如今南洋各国以及交趾、云南南部、海南等地都有生长。它是蔓生植物，依附树木或搭棚牵引生长。叶子像扁豆、山药之类的植物。正月开黄白色的花，结出的胡椒累累挂满枝头，缠绕藤蔓而生，形状像梧桐子，也没有核，青色果实成熟后变红。
【气味】辛味，大热，无毒。
李时珍说：胡椒辛热纯阳，走窜气机且助火，会导致眼睛昏花、引发疮疡。
某医家说：多吃损伤肺脏，使人吐血。
【主治】下气温中，祛除脏腑中的风冷邪气（《唐本草》）。去除胃口的虚冷气，宿食不消化，霍乱气逆，心腹突然疼痛，冷气上冲（李珣）。调理五脏，壮补肾气，治疗冷痢，杀灭各种鱼、肉、鳖、菌类毒素（大明）。去除胃寒呕吐清水，大肠寒滑泄泻（寇宗奭）。温暖肠胃，祛除寒湿，反……（原文此处似有缺漏或错简，依文意补全为“反胃”之意，但严格翻译仅译可见部分）
【发明】寇宗奭说：胡椒能去除胃中的寒痰，饭后呕吐清水的效果非常显著。大肠寒滑也可以使用，但必须配合其他药物辅助，过量则会耗散气机。
朱震亨说：胡椒属火而性燥，食用后感觉胸膈舒适，喜欢它的人很多，但积久则严重损伤脾胃和肺气。凡是患有气疾的人，吃了它会加重祸患。牙齿疼痛必须用胡椒、荜茇的，是为了疏散其中的浮热。
李时珍说：胡椒大辛大热，是纯阳之物，肠胃有寒湿的人适宜食用。发热病人食用，会动火伤气，阴分受到损害。我李时珍从小就喜欢吃它，每年都得眼病，却未怀疑到它身上。后来逐渐知道它的弊端，于是痛下决心戒除，眼病也就停止了。才吃一、两粒，眼睛立刻昏花涩痛。这是以前的人没有尝试过的。大概是因为辛味走气，热性助火，这个药物的气味都非常浓烈的缘故。患有咽喉口齿疾病的人，也应该禁忌食用。
近来的医生常将绿豆一起使用，治病有效。大概是豆性寒、椒性热，阴阳配合得当，并且可以用绿豆来制约胡椒的毒性。按：张从正《儒门事亲》说：噎膈这种病，有的因饮酒引起，有的因气滞引起，有的因胃火引起。医生不仔细考察，就在火里烧姜，汤中煮桂枝；丁香还没完，豆蔻接着用；荜茇还没完，胡椒接着用。虽然说调和胃气，但胃本来不寒；虽然说补胃，但胃本来不虚。况且三阳经气已经郁结，食物必然向上反潮，只宜用小剂量的汤丸稍微润降即可。李时珍私下认为这种说法虽然有理，但也有食物吃进去反而吐出来、属于无火证的，又有痰气郁结、得辛热药暂时开通的证候，不能固执一端。
【附方】旧方二首，新方二十二首。
心腹冷痛：胡椒三七枚，用清酒吞服。或者说按年龄一岁一粒。（孟诜《食疗本草》）
心下剧烈疼痛：《寿域神方》：用花椒四十九粒，乳香一钱，研匀。男性用生姜、女性用当归，酒送服。又一方：用花椒五分，没药三钱，研细。分两次服用，温酒送下。又一方：胡椒、绿豆各四十九粒研烂，酒送服，效果神奇。
霍乱吐泻：孙思邈：用胡椒三十粒，用水送服。《直指方》：用胡椒四十九粒，绿豆一百四十九粒。研匀，用木瓜汤送服一钱。
反胃吐食：戴原礼方：用胡椒醋浸，晒干，如此七次，研为末，酒糊做成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用三、四十丸，醋汤送下。《圣惠方》：用胡椒七钱半，煨姜一两，水煎，分两次服用。《是斋百一方》：用胡椒、半夏（开水泡过）等分，研为末……
夏季冷泻及霍乱：用胡椒碾末，饭丸做成梧桐子大小。每次米饮送下四十丸。（《卫生易简方》）
赤白痢疾：胡椒、绿豆各按年龄一岁一粒，研为末，糊丸做成梧桐子大小。红色痢疾用生姜汤送下，白色痢疾用米汤送下。（《集简方》）
大小便闭塞，关格不通，胀闷二、三天就会杀人：胡椒二十一粒，打碎，水一盏，煎至六分，去渣，加入芒硝半两，煎化后服用。（《总录》）
小儿虚胀：塌气丸：用胡椒一两，蝎尾半两。研为末，面糊做成粟米大小的丸药。每次服用五、七丸，陈米饮送下。加莱菔子半两。（钱乙方）虚寒积癖在背膜之外，流注于两胁，气逆喘急，日久导致营卫凝滞，溃烂成为痈疽，多导致死亡：用胡椒二百五十粒，蝎尾四个，生木香二钱半，研为末，粟米饭做成绿豆大小的丸药。每次服用二十丸，橘皮汤送下。名为磨积丸。（《济生方》）
房劳导致的阴毒：胡椒七粒，葱心二寸半，麝香一分，捣烂，用黄蜡溶化和，做成条状，插入阴道内，片刻出汗即愈。（孙氏《集效方》）
惊风内钓：胡椒、木鳖子仁等分。研为末，醋调黑豆末，混合捣杵，做成绿豆大小的丸药。每次服用三、四十丸，荆芥汤送下。（《圣惠方》）
发散寒邪：胡椒、丁香各七粒。碾碎，用葱白捣膏，混合涂在两手心，合掌握定，夹在大腿内侧，温覆取汗则愈。（《伤寒蕴要》）
伤寒咳嗽气逆，日夜不止，寒气攻胃：胡椒三十粒（打碎），麝香半钱，酒一钟，煎至半钟，热服。（《圣惠方》）
风虫牙痛：《卫生易简方》：用胡椒、荜茇等分，研为末，蜡丸做成麻子大小。每次用一丸，塞入蛀孔中。《韩氏医通》：治疗风、虫、客寒三种牙痛，呻吟不止。用胡椒九粒，绿豆十一粒，布包裹捶碎，以丝绵包作一粒，患处咬定，流出涎液吐出，立即痊愈。《普济方》：用胡椒一钱半，用羊脂拌打四十丸，擦拭以追出涎液。
阿伽陀丸：治疗妇人血崩。用胡椒、紫檀香、郁金、茜根、小柏皮等分。研为末，水丸做成梧桐子大小。每次服用二十丸，阿胶汤送下。李时珍说：按《酉阳杂俎》记载：胡椒出产于摩伽陀国。此方之名，因此讹传而来。
沙石淋痛：胡椒、朴硝等分。研为末。每次服用二钱，白开水送下，每日两次。名为二拗散。（《普济方》）
蜈蚣咬伤：嚼碎胡椒敷贴伤口，即不痛。（《多能鄙事》）
(From *Tang Bencao*)
[Correction] Moved from the Wood section to here.
[Names] Meiluzhi.
Li Shizhen said: Pepper (*Huajiao*, Piper nigrum) gets its name "Jiao" (pepper/chili) because its pungency resembles that of Zanthoxylum (*Huajiao*), but it is actually not Zanthoxylum.
[Collected Explanations] Su Gong said: Pepper grows in the Western Regions. Its shape is like a rat plum; it is used for seasoning food and has a very pungent taste.
Shenwei said: According to Duan Chengshi's *Youyang Zazu*: Pepper originates from Magadha country and is called Meiluzhi. It is a vine with extremely tender stems and leaves about one and a half cun long. Fine strips grow level with the leaves, bearing fruits in pairs. The leaves open in the morning and close at night; when closed, they wrap around the fruits. Its shape resembles Han pepper (*Zanthoxylum*), is extremely pungent, harvested in the sixth month, and is now used as a condiment.
Li Shizhen said: Pepper is now grown in various southern foreign countries, as well as Jiaozhi, southern Yunnan, and Hainan. It is a climbing vine attached to trees or trellises. The leaves resemble those of common bean (*Dolichos lablab*) or yam (*Dioscorea* spp.). It blooms yellowish-white flowers in the first lunar month, producing clusters of peppercorns that coil along the vines. They resemble paulownia seeds, have no pits, are green when raw and red when ripe.
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, greatly warm, non-toxic.
Li Shizhen said: It is pungent, hot, and purely yang. It moves qi and aids fire, causing blurred vision and inducing sores.
A certain physician said: Excessive consumption damages the lungs and causes hemoptysis.
[Indications] Descends qi and warms the middle jiao, dispels wind-cold from the zang-fu organs (*Tang Bencao*). Removes deficiency-cold qi from the stomach appetite, resolves retained food stagnation, treats vomiting and regurgitation due to Huoluan (cholera-like syndrome) with rebellious qi, sudden heart and abdominal pain, and upward rushing of cold qi (Li Xun). Regulates the five zang organs, strengthens kidney qi, treats cold dysentery, and detoxifies all fish, meat, turtle, and mushroom poisons (Da Ming). Removes cold-induced vomiting of clear fluids and cold-slippery diarrhea of the large intestine (Kou Zongshi). Warms the intestines and stomach, dispels cold-dampness... [Text fragment]
[Elucidations] Kou Zongshi said: Pepper removes cold-phlegm from the stomach; it is very effective for vomiting clear fluid after eating. It can also be used for cold-slippery large intestine, but must be assisted by other herbs; excessive dosage scatters qi.
Zhenheng (Zhu Zhenheng) said: Pepper belongs to fire and is dry in nature. Eating it feels refreshing to the chest and diaphragm, and many people enjoy it, but long-term accumulation severely damages the spleen, stomach, and lung qi. For patients with qi disorders, it exacerbates the condition. Peppercorn (*Piperis Longi Fructus*) and Long Pepper (*Bibo*) must be used for toothache to disperse floating heat within.
Li Shizhen said: Pepper is greatly pungent and hot, a purely yang substance, suitable for those with cold-dampness in the intestines and stomach. Patients with heat syndromes who consume it will stir up fire and damage qi, suffering harm to their yin. I, Li Shizhen, loved it since childhood and suffered from eye diseases every year without suspecting it. Later, realizing its drawbacks, I resolutely abstained from it, and my eye disease ceased. Consuming even one or two grains immediately caused blurring and astringency. This was untested by previous scholars. This is because pungency moves qi and heat aids fire, and the flavor and nature of this substance are both intense. Those with throat or dental diseases should also avoid it.
Recent physicians often use Mung Bean (*Moutong*) together, finding it effective. This is likely because the bean is cold and the pepper is hot, achieving a proper balance of yin and yang, and using the bean to control the toxicity of the pepper. Note: Zhang Congzheng's *Rumen Shiqin* states: Dysphagia (Yige) may result from alcohol, qi stagnation, or stomach fire. Physicians fail to examine carefully, roasting ginger in fire and boiling cinnamon twig (*Guizhi Tang* ingredient) in soup; after Clove (*Dingxiang*), Cardamom (*Doukou*) follows; after Long Pepper (*Bibo*), Peppercorn (*Huajiao*) follows. Although claimed to harmonize the stomach, the stomach is originally not cold; although claimed to tonify the stomach, the stomach is originally not deficient. Moreover, if the three yang meridians are knotted, food must reflux upwards; only small doses of decoctions or pills for moistening and descending are appropriate. Li Shizhen privately considers this view reasonable, yet there are cases where food enters but comes out again (fire-deficiency syndrome), and cases of phlegm-qi knotting temporarily opened by pungent-hot substances. One cannot adhere rigidly to one theory.
[Attached Formulas] Two old formulas, twenty-two new formulas.
Cold pain in heart and abdomen: Swallow 37 peppercorns with clear wine. Or say one grain per year of age. (Meng Shen *Shiliao*)
Severe pain below the heart: *Shouyu Fang*: Use 49 grains of Zanthoxylum (*Huajiao*), 1 qian of Frankincense (*Ruxiang*), grind evenly. Men take with Ginger (*Shengjiang*) wine, women with Angelica sinensis (*Danggui*) wine. Another formula: Use 0.5 fen of Zanthoxylum, 3 qian of Myrrh (*Moyao*), grind fine. Divide into two doses, take with warm wine. Another formula: Grind 49 grains each of Peppercorn and Mung Bean (*Moutong*) into a paste, take with wine; divine effect.
Cholera with vomiting and diarrhea: Sun Simiao: Swallow 30 peppercorns with water. *Zhizhi Fang*: Use 49 grains of Peppercorn, 149 grains of Mung Bean. Grind evenly, take 1 qian with Quince (*Mugua*) decoction.
Rebellious vomiting: Dai Yuanli's formula: Soak Peppercorn in vinegar, sun-dry, repeat seven times, grind to powder, make pills with wine paste the size of paulownia seeds. Take 30-40 pills each time with vinegar water. *Shenghui Fang*: Use 7.5 qian of Peppercorn, 1 liang of Roasted Ginger (*Wei Jiang*), decoct in water, divide into two doses. *Shizhai Baiyi Fang*: Use equal parts Peppercorn and Pinellia (*Banxia*, soaked in boiling water), grind to powder...
Summer cold diarrhea and cholera: Grind Peppercorn to powder, make rice pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 40 pills with rice drink. (*Weisheng Yijian Fang*)
Red and white dysentery: Peppercorn and Mung Bean, one grain per year of age. Grind to powder, make pills with paste the size of paulownia seeds. Red dysentery taken with Ginger decoction, white dysentery with Rice water. (*Jijian Fang*)
Obstruction of urination and defecation, Guan-Ge syndrome, distension and stifling sensation killing within 2-3 days: Crush 21 peppercorns, decoct in 1 cup of water until 0.6 cup remains, strain, add 0.5 liang of Mirabilite (*Mangxiao*), melt and take. (*Zonglu*)
Infantile deficiency bloating: Taqi Wan: Use 1 liang of Peppercorn, 0.5 liang of Scorpion Tail (*Xiewei*). Grind to powder, make millet-sized pills with flour paste. Take 5-7 pills with aged rice drink. Add 0.5 liang of Radish Seed (*Laifuzi*). (Qian Yi's formula) Deficiency-cold accumulation outside the back membrane, flowing to both hypochondria, causing rebellious qi and panting, leading to coagulation of Ying and Wei, ulcerating into carbuncles and sores, often fatal: Use 250 peppercorns, 4 scorpion tails, 2.5 qian fresh Costus Root (*Muxiang*), grind to powder, make bean-sized pills with millet rice. Take 20 pills with Tangerine Peel (*Chenpi*) decoction. Named Moji Wan. (*Jisheng Fang*)
Yin toxin from sexual exhaustion: 7 peppercorns, 2.5 cun of Green Onion Heart (*Congxin*), 1 fen of Musk (*Shexiang*), pound into paste, mix with melted yellow beeswax, form strips, insert into vagina; sweating shortly after indicates cure. (Sun Shi *Jixiao Fang*)
Convulsion with internal drawing: Equal parts Peppercorn and Monkshood Seed (*Mubiezi*). Grind to powder, mix with black soybean powder and vinegar, pound into bean-sized pills. Take 30-40 pills with Schizonepeta (*Jingjie*) decoction. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Dispersing cold pathogen: 7 grains each of Peppercorn and Clove. Grind, mix with White Onion (*Congbai*) paste, apply to palms, clasp hands, place between inner thighs, cover warmly to induce sweat for cure. (*Shanghan Yunyao*)
Cold damage with cough and rebellious qi, day and night without cease, cold qi attacking stomach: Crush 30 peppercorns, 0.5 qian Musk, decoct in 1 zhong of wine until 0.5 zhong remains, take hot. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Wind-worm toothache: *Weisheng Yijian Fang*: Equal parts Peppercorn and Long Pepper (*Bibo*), grind to powder, make wax pills the size of hemp seed. Insert one pill into the carious hole. *Han Shi Yitong*: Treats wind, worm, and exogenous cold toothaches with continuous groaning. Wrap 9 peppercorns and 11 mung beans in cloth, crush, wrap in silk as one pill, bite on affected area, spit out saliva, immediate cure. *Puji Fang*: Use 1.5 qian Peppercorn, beat with sheep fat 40 times, rub to induce salivation.
Agato Pill: Treats uterine bleeding in women. Equal parts Peppercorn, Rosewood (*Zitan*), Turmeric (*Yujin*), Madder Root (*Qigen*), and Small Cypress Bark (*Xiaobapi*). Grind to powder, make water pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 20 pills with Donkey-hide Gelatin (*Ejiao*) decoction. Li Shizhen says: According to *Youyang Zazu*, Pepper originates from Magadha country. The name of this formula is an error derived from this.
Sand-stone strangury pain: Equal parts Peppercorn and Thenardite (*Puxiao*). Grind to powder. Take 2 qian each time with plain boiled water, twice daily. Named Er'ao San. (*Puji Fang*)
Centipede bite: Chew Peppercorn and apply to wound; pain ceases immediately. (*Duoneng Bishi*)