（《拾遗》）
【释名】 蜴
藏器曰∶ （音窒当），《尔雅》
（音侄唐），
【集解】藏器曰∶ 是处有之。
时珍曰∶ 蜴，即《尔雅》土蜘蛛也，土中布网。按段成式《酉阳杂俎》云∶斋前雨
后多颠当窠，深如蚓穴
翻盖捕之。才入复闭，与地一色，无隙可寻，而蜂复食之。秦中儿谣云∶颠当颠当牢守门，
寇汝无处奔。
【气味】有毒。
【主治】一切疔肿、附骨疽蚀等疮。宿肉赘瘤，烧为末，和腊月猪脂敷之。亦可同诸药
敷疔肿，出根为上（藏器）。
（《开宝》）
【释名】 （音伊芳祁。《蜀本》）主
志曰∶段成式《酉阳杂俎》云∶江南旧无蝎
有之，故俗称为主簿虫。
时珍曰∶按∶《唐史》云∶剑南本无蝎，有主簿将至，遂呼为主簿虫。又张揖《广雅》
云∶杜伯，蝎也。陆玑《诗疏》云∶虿一名杜伯，幽州人谓之蝎。观此，则主簿乃杜伯之讹，
而后人遂附会
为虿。古语云∶蜂、虿垂芒，其毒在尾。今入药有全用者，谓之全蝎；有用尾者，谓之蝎梢，
其力尤紧。
【集解】志曰∶蝎出青州。形紧小者良。段成式云∶鼠负虫巨者，多化为蝎。蝎子多负
于背，子色白，才如稻粒。陈州古仓有蝎，形如钱，螫人必死。蜗能食之，先以迹规之，不
复去也。
宗 曰∶今青州山中石下捕得，慢火逼之，或烈日中晒，至蝎渴时，食以青泥；既饱，
以火逼杀之，故其色多赤。欲其体重而售之也。用者当去其土。
颂曰∶今汴洛、河陕州郡皆有之。采无时，以火逼干死收之。陶隐居《集验方》言∶蝎
有雄雌∶雄者螫人痛止在一处，用井泥敷之；雌者痛牵诸处，用瓦屋沟下泥敷之。皆可画地
作十
有咒禁法，亦验。
时珍曰∶蝎形如水黾，八足而长尾，有节色青。今捕者多以盐泥食之，入药去足焙用。
《古今录验》云∶被蝎螫者，但以木碗合之，神验不传之方也。
【气味】甘，辛，平，有毒。
【主治】诸风瘾疹，及中风半身不遂，口眼 斜，语涩，手足抽掣（《开宝》）。小儿惊
痫风
【发明】宗 曰∶大人、小儿通用，惊风尤不可阙。
颂曰∶古今治中风抽掣，及小儿惊搐方多用之。《箧中方》，治小儿风痫有方。
时珍曰∶蝎产于东方，色青属木，足厥阴经药也，故治厥阴诸病。诸风掉眩搐掣，疟疾
寒热，耳聋无闻，皆属厥阴风木。故东垣李杲云∶凡疝气、带下，皆属于风。蝎乃治风要药，
俱宜加而用之。
【附方】旧四，新十九。
小儿脐风∶宣风散∶治初生断脐后伤风湿，唇青口撮，出白沫，不乳。用全蝎二十一个，
无灰酒涂炙为末，入麝
小儿风痫∶取蝎五枚，以一大石榴割头剜空，纳蝎于中，以头盖之。纸筋和黄泥封裹，
微火炙干，渐加火 赤。候冷去泥，取中焦黑者细研。乳汁调半钱，灌之便定。儿稍大，以
防风汤调服。（《箧中方》）
慢脾惊风∶小儿久病后，或吐泻后生惊，转成慢脾。用蝎梢一两为末，以石榴一枚剜空，
用无灰酒调末，填入盖定。坐文武火上，时时搅动，熬膏，取出放冷。每服一字，金、银、
薄荷汤调下。《本事方》∶治吐利后虚困昏睡，欲生风
节）等分为末。二岁以下一字，三岁以上半钱。薄荷汤下
天钓惊风，翻眼向上∶用干蝎（全者）一个（瓦炒好），朱砂三绿豆大，为末，饭丸绿
豆大。
外以朱砂少许，同酒化下一丸，顿愈。（《圣惠》）
小儿胎惊∶蝎一枚，薄荷叶包，炙为末，入朱砂、麝香少许。麦门冬煎汤，调下一字，
效（《汤
小儿惊风∶用蝎一个（头尾全者），以薄荷四叶裹定，火上炙焦
白汤下。（《经验方》）
大人风涎∶即上方，作一服。
风淫湿痹∶手足不举，筋节挛疼。先与通关，次以全蝎七个瓦炒，入麝香一字研匀，酒
三盏，空心调服。如觉已透则止，未透再服。如病未尽除，自后专以婆蒿根洗
二服。（《直指方》）
破伤中风∶《普济方》∶用干蝎、麝香各一分，为末。敷患处，令风速愈。《圣惠》∶用
干蝎（酒炒）、天麻各半两为末，以蟾酥二钱，汤
豆淋酒下（甚者加至三丸），取汗。
肾气冷痛∶《圣惠》定痛丸∶治肾脏虚，冷气攻脐腹，疼痛不可忍，及两胁疼痛
干蝎七钱半，焙为末。以酒及童便各三升，煎如稠膏，丸梧子大。每温酒下二十丸。又
散∶用
淋
醋一升入内。待渗干，匀排 于坑
胡椒三十粒，槟榔、肉豆蔻各一个。
小肠疝气∶用紧小全蝎焙为末。每发时服一钱，入麝香半字，温酒调
效。
肾虚耳聋∶十年者，二服可愈。小蝎四十九个，生
为
度。研末，温酒服之。至一二更时，更进一服，至醉
壬方》）。
耳暴聋闭∶全蝎，去毒，为末，酒服一钱，以耳中闻水声即效。（周密《志雅堂杂钞》）
脓耳疼痛∶蝎梢
为度。（《杨
偏正头风，气上攻不可忍∶用全蝎二十一个，地龙六条，土狗三个，五倍子五钱。为末。
酒调，摊贴太阳穴上。（《德生堂经验方》）。
风牙疼痛∶全蝎三个，蜂房二钱，炒研，擦之。（《直指方》）。
肠风下血∶干蝎（炒）、白矾（烧）
子肠不收∶全蝎，炒，研末。口噙水，鼻中 之，立效。（《卫生宝鉴》）
诸痔发痒∶用全蝎不以多少，烧烟熏之，即效，秘法也。（《袖珍方》）
诸疮毒肿∶全蝎七枚，栀子七个，麻油煎黑，去滓，入黄蜡，化成膏，敷之。（《澹寮
方》）
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】 蜴
陈藏器说：（音同“窒当”），《尔雅》中称为（音同“侄唐”）。
【集解】 陈藏器说：这种虫到处都有。
李时珍说：蜴，就是《尔雅》中记载的土蜘蛛，在土中结网。根据段成式《酉阳杂俎》记载：斋房前雨后多有颠当（即蜴）的巢穴，深得像蚯蚓洞一样，翻开盖子捕捉它。刚进去巢穴就关闭了，颜色与地面相同，没有缝隙可寻，但蜜蜂会捕食它。秦地儿童歌谣唱道：颠当颠当牢守门，寇贼无处可逃奔。
【气味】 有毒。
【主治】 各种疔疮肿毒、附骨疽等腐蚀性疮疡。以及宿存的肉赘和肿瘤，将其烧成粉末，用腊月猪脂调和外敷。也可以与其他药物配合外敷疔疮肿毒，能拔出病根为最佳（陈藏器）。
（出自《开宝本草》）
【释名】 （音同“伊芳祁”，见《蜀本》）。
韩保志说：段成式《酉阳杂俎》记载：江南以前没有蝎子，有了这种虫子后，所以俗称为主簿虫。
李时珍说：按《唐史》记载：剑南地区原本没有蝎子，主簿到来后就有了，于是被称为主簿虫。又张揖《广雅》记载：杜伯，就是蝎子。陆玑《毛诗疏义》记载：虿又名杜伯，幽州人称之为蝎。由此看来，“主簿”是“杜伯”的讹误，而后人便附会为虿。古语说：蜂、虿垂下毒刺，毒性在于尾部。现在入药有的全用，称为全蝎；有的只用尾部，称为蝎梢，其药力尤为强劲。
【集解】 韩保志说：蝎子出产于青州。形体紧小者质量优良。段成式说：巨大的鼠负虫多化为蝎子。蝎子多在背上背负幼虫，幼虫颜色白，大小如稻粒。陈州古粮仓中有蝎子，形状像铜钱，被螫咬必死无疑。蜗牛能吃掉它们，先用痕迹引诱它们，它们就不再离开了。
苏颂说：现在青州山中的石头下可以捕捉到，用慢火逼出，或在烈日下暴晒，等到蝎子口渴时，喂以青泥；吃饱后，再用火逼死，所以颜色多为赤色。这是为了增加重量以便出售。使用者应当去除其中的泥土。
苏颂还说：现在汴洛、河陕各州郡都有蝎子。采集没有固定时间，用火逼干死后采收。陶隐居《集验方》中说：蝎子有雌雄之分：雄蝎螫人疼痛只局限在一处，用井泥外敷即可；雌蝎螫人疼痛牵连全身各处，用瓦屋沟下的泥土外敷即可。都可以画地为阵并念咒禁法，也有效验。
李时珍说：蝎子外形像水黾，八条腿且长尾，有节，颜色青。现在捕猎的人多以盐和泥喂食它们，入药时需去掉足部焙干使用。《古今录验》记载：被蝎子螫伤的人，只用木碗扣住患处，是神效且不传之方。
【气味】 甘，辛，平，有毒。
【主治】 各种风邪引起的瘾疹，以及中风半身不遂、口眼歪斜、言语涩滞、手足抽搐（《开宝本草》）。小儿惊痫风证。
【发明】 苏颂说：大人、小儿通用，治疗惊风尤其不可缺少的药物。
苏颂又说：古今治疗中风抽搐及小儿惊搐的方剂多用此药。《箧中方》中有治疗小儿风痫的方子。
李时珍说：蝎子产于东方，色青属木，是足厥阴肝经的药物，所以能治疗厥阴经的各种疾病。各种风邪引起的摇动眩晕、抽搐，疟疾寒热往来，耳聋听不见声音，都属于厥阴风木范畴。所以东垣李杲说：凡是疝气、带下病，都归属于风邪。蝎子是治疗风证的要药，都适宜加入使用。
【附方】 旧方四个，新方十九个。
小儿脐风：宣风散：治疗初生断脐后感染风湿，嘴唇发青、口唇撮聚、流出白沫、不能吸乳。用全蝎二十一个，用无灰酒涂抹炙烤后研成粉末，加入麝香……（原文此处似有缺漏，依文意补全逻辑）
小儿风痫：取蝎子五枚，将一个大石榴割去顶部并挖空，将蝎子放入其中，盖上顶部。用纸筋和黄泥密封包裹，用微火慢慢烤干，逐渐加大火力烤至焦红。冷却后去掉泥土，取出中间焦黑的部分细研。用乳汁调服半钱，灌下即可安定。孩子稍大一些，用防风汤调服。（《箧中方》）
慢脾惊风：小儿久病之后，或吐泻后产生惊风，转变成慢脾风。用蝎梢一两研成粉末，将一个石榴挖空，用无灰酒调匀粉末，填入石榴内盖好。放在文武火上，不时搅拌，熬成膏状，取出放冷。每次服用一字量，用金银花、薄荷汤送服。《本事方》：治疗吐利后虚弱困倦昏睡，欲生风……（原文此处似有缺漏）
天钓惊风，眼睛上翻：用干蝎（全虫）一个（瓦片炒好），朱砂三颗绿豆大小，研成粉末，饭丸制成绿豆大小。外用少许朱砂，同酒化开一丸，顿服即愈。（《圣惠方》）
小儿胎惊：蝎子一枚，用薄荷叶包裹，炙烤后研成粉末，加入少许朱砂、麝香。用麦门冬煎汤，调服一字量，有效。（《汤液》）
小儿惊风：用蝎子一个（头尾齐全），用四片薄荷叶包裹定，在火上炙烤焦黄，用白开水送服。（《经验方》）
大人风涎：即上方，作一次服用。
风淫湿痹：手足不能抬举，筋节挛缩疼痛。先给予通关药，然后用全蝎七个瓦炒，加入一字麝香研匀，用酒三盏，空腹调服。如果觉得药效已透则停止，未透再服。如果病未尽除，此后专门用婆蒿根洗……（原文此处似有缺漏）二服。（《直指方》）
破伤中风：《普济方》：用干蝎、麝香各一分，研成粉末。敷于患处，使风邪迅速痊愈。《圣惠方》：用干蝎（酒炒）、天麻各半两研成粉末，用蟾酥二钱，汤……（原文此处似有缺漏）豆淋酒送下（严重者加至三丸），取汗。
肾气冷痛：《圣惠方》定痛丸：治疗肾脏虚寒，冷气攻冲脐腹，疼痛难以忍受，以及两胁疼痛。干蝎七钱半，焙干研成粉末。用酒及童便各三升，煎煮成稠膏，制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次温酒送下二十丸。又一方：用……（原文此处似有缺漏）淋……醋一升入内。待渗入干燥，均匀排列在坑……胡椒三十粒，槟榔、肉豆蔻各一个。
小肠疝气：用紧小全蝎焙干研成粉末。每次发作时服用一钱，加入麝香半字，温酒调服，有效。
肾虚耳聋：十年病程者，服用两次可愈。小蝎四十九个，生……（原文此处似有缺漏）为……度。研成粉末，温酒送服。到了半夜时分，再进服一次，直至醉……（《壬方》）。
耳暴聋闭：全蝎，去毒，研成粉末，酒服一钱，听到耳中有水声即有效。（周密《志雅堂杂钞》）
偏正头风，气上攻不可忍受：用全蝎二十一个，地龙六条，土狗三个，五倍子五钱。研成粉末。酒调匀，摊贴于太阳穴上。（《德生堂经验方》）
风牙疼痛：全蝎三个，蜂房二钱，炒后研碎，擦患处。（《直指方》）
子肠不收：全蝎，炒，研成粉末。口中含水，从鼻中吹入，立即见效。（《卫生宝鉴》）
(From *Bencao Shiyi* / Supplement to Materia Medica)
[Names] Yi (蜴)
Chen Zangqi stated: (Pronounced "Zhi Dang"), in *Erya* it is called (Pronounced "Zhi Tang").
[Collected Explanations] Chen Zangqi stated: This insect is found everywhere.
Li Shizhen stated: Yi is the earth spider mentioned in *Erya*, which spins webs in the soil. According to Duan Chengshi's *Youyang Zazu*: After rain before the study, there are often nests of Dian Dang (i.e., Yi), deep like earthworm holes; flip the cover to catch them. Once entered, the nest closes immediately, blending with the ground color, leaving no gap to find, yet bees prey upon them. The folk rhyme in Qin region sings: Dian Dang, Dian Dang, guard the door firmly, thieves have nowhere to flee.
[Properties and Flavors] Toxic.
[Indications] All types of Ding sores (hard, painful skin infections), Fugu Ju (bone-abscessing ulcers), and other corrosive wounds. Also for old flesh polyps and tumors. Burn into powder, mix with lard from the twelfth lunar month, and apply externally. It can also be combined with other herbs to apply on Ding sores; extracting the root is considered superior (Chen Zangqi).
(From *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] (Pronounced "Yi Fang Qi", see *Shu Ben*).
Han Baozhi stated: Duan Chengshi's *Youyang Zazu* records: Scorpions were previously absent in Jiangnan; after this insect appeared, it was commonly known as the "Zhubu Insect" (Chief Clerk Insect).
Li Shizhen stated: According to *Tang Shi*: Jianan region originally had no scorpions; after the arrival of the Zhubu (Chief Clerk), they appeared, hence called Zhubu Insect. Furthermore, Zhang Yi's *Guangya* states: Dubo is a scorpion. Lu Ji's commentary on *Shi Jing* states: Chai is also named Dubo, and people in Youzhou call it Xie (Scorpion). Observing this, "Zhubu" is an error for "Dubo", and later generations conflated it with Chai. Ancient saying goes: Bees and Chai hang their stingers, their poison lies in the tail. Now, for medicinal use, some use the whole body, called Quan Xie (Whole Scorpion); some use only the tail, called Xie Shao (Scorpion Tail), whose potency is particularly strong.
[Collected Explanations] Han Baozhi stated: Scorpions are produced in Qingzhou. Those with tight, small bodies are of good quality. Duan Chengshi said: Giant Shufu insects often transform into scorpions. Scorpions often carry young on their backs; the young are white, size like rice grains. There are scorpions in ancient granaries in Chenzhou, shaped like coins, whose sting is fatal. Snails can eat them; first lure them with traces, then they do not leave.
Su Song stated: Now scorpions are found under stones in mountains of Qingzhou. They are forced out by slow fire or dried in intense sunlight. When thirsty, they are fed green mud; once full, they are killed by fire, thus becoming reddish. This is done to increase weight for sale. Users should remove the soil. Su Song also stated: Scorpions are now present in Bianluo, Heshan prefectures. Collection has no fixed time; they are dried and killed by fire for storage. Tao Hongjing's *Jiyan Fang* says: Scorpions have male and female distinctions: Male scorpion stings cause pain localized in one area, treated with well mud; female scorpion stings cause pain radiating throughout the body, treated with mud from under tile roofs. Drawing lines on the ground and reciting spells also proves effective.
Li Shizhen stated: Scorpions resemble water striders, having eight legs and a long segmented tail, colored green. Hunters often feed them salt and mud; for medicine, legs are removed and roasted. *Gujin Luyan* records: For scorpion stings, covering the affected area with a wooden bowl is a miraculous, unshared method.
[Properties and Flavors] Sweet, Pungent, Neutral, Toxic.
[Indications] Various wind-induced urticaria, hemiplegia from stroke, deviation of mouth and eyes, slurred speech, and convulsions of hands and feet (*Kaibao Bencao*). Pediatric epilepsy and wind syndromes.
[Elucidation] Su Song stated: Suitable for both adults and children, indispensable for treating wind convulsions.
Su Song further stated: Ancient and modern formulas for treating stroke convulsions and pediatric wind spasms frequently use this herb. *Qiezhong Fang* contains a formula for pediatric wind epilepsy.
Li Shizhen stated: Scorpions originate from the East, color green corresponds to Wood, making them a drug for the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian, thus treating various Jueyin diseases. Various wind-induced tremors, dizziness, and convulsions, malaria with alternating chills and fever, deafness, all belong to Jueyin Wind-Wood. Therefore, Li Gao of Dongyuan stated: All hernias and leukorrhea belong to wind. Scorpion is a key herb for treating wind syndromes and should be added appropriately.
[Attached Formulas] Four old formulas, nineteen new formulas.
Pediatric Umbilical Wind: Xuanfeng San: Treats wind-damp invasion after umbilical cord cutting in newborns, presenting with cyanotic lips, puckered mouth, white foam, and inability to suckle. Use 21 Whole Scorpions, coat with non-grain alcohol, roast, and grind into powder... (Text implies addition of Musk).
Pediatric Wind Epilepsy: Take 5 Scorpions, cut the top off a large pomegranate and hollow it out. Place scorpions inside, cover with the top. Seal with paper pulp and yellow mud. Roast slowly over low heat until charred red. Cool, remove mud, take the charred center, and grind finely. Mix with half a qian of milk and administer to stop seizures. For older children, administer with Fangfeng Decoction (*Qiezhong Fang*).
Slow Spleen Wind Convulsion: Following prolonged illness or vomiting/diarrhea in children, leading to Slow Spleen Wind. Use 1 liang of Xie Shao (Scorpion Tail), grind to powder. Hollow out one pomegranate, mix powder with non-grain alcohol, fill into pomegranate, and cover. Simmer over mild fire, stirring occasionally, until paste forms. Cool. Administer one zi dose with Jin Yin Hua (Honeysuckle) and Bohe (Mint) decoction. *Benshi Fang*: Treats post-vomiting/diarrhea weakness, lethargy, and impending wind... (Text incomplete).
Tian Diao Wind Convulsion, Eyes Rolling Upward: Use 1 Dry Scorpion (whole, roasted on tile), Cinnabar equivalent to 3 mung beans. Grind into powder, form pills the size of mung beans with rice paste. Externally, dissolve one pill in wine with a little Cinnabar and drink at once for immediate cure (*Shenghui Fang*).
Pediatric Congenital Shock: 1 Scorpion wrapped in Mint leaves, roasted and ground. Add a little Cinnabar and Musk. Mix with Ophiopogon Decoction, administer one zi dose for effect (*Tangye*).
Pediatric Wind Convulsion: Use 1 Scorpion (head and tail intact), wrap in 4 Mint leaves, roast until scorched. Administer with plain boiled water (*Jingyan Fang*).
Adult Wind Phlegm: Same as above, taken as one dose.
Wind-Damp Bi Syndrome: Inability to lift limbs, tendon joint spasms and pain. First administer Tongguan medicine, then use 7 Whole Scorpions (roasted on tile) mixed with one zi of Musk. Mix with three zhan of wine, take on empty stomach. Stop if efficacy penetrates; repeat if not. If disease persists, subsequently wash with Po Hao Root... (Text incomplete) two doses (*Zhizhi Fang*).
Traumatic Wind Stroke: *Puji Fang*: Use 1 fen each of Dry Scorpion and Musk, grind to powder. Apply to affected area to expel wind quickly. *Shenghui Fang*: Use 0.5 liang each of Dry Scorpion (wine-fried) and Tianma (Gastrodia), grind to powder. Mix with 2 qian of Toad Venom... (Text incomplete) Doulin Wine to induce sweating (add up to 3 pills for severe cases).
Kidney Qi Cold Pain: *Shenghui Fang* Dingtong Wan: Treats Kidney deficiency with cold qi attacking navel/abdomen causing unbearable pain, and hypochondriac pain. Use 7.5 qian of Dry Scorpion, roast and grind. Decoct with wine and child's urine (3 sheng each) until thick paste forms. Make pills the size of wutong seeds. Take 20 pills with warm wine. Another formula: Use... (Text incomplete) ...pour in vinegar. Wait for absorption, arrange evenly in pit... 30 Pepper grains, 1 each of Areca Nut and Nutmeg.
Small Intestine Hernia: Use tight, small Whole Scorpions, roast and grind. Take 1 qian at onset of attack, add half a zi of Musk, mix with warm wine. Effective.
Kidney Deficiency Deafness: Ten-year duration can be cured in two doses. Use 49 small Scorpions, raw... (Text incomplete) ...grind to powder, take with warm wine. At midnight, take another dose until drunk (*Ren Fang*).
Sudden Ear Deafness/Closure: Whole Scorpion, detoxified, ground to powder. Take 1 qian with wine; effective when water sound is heard in ear (Zhou Mi *Zhiyatang Zacao*).
Suppurative Ear Pain: Xie Shao (Scorpion Tail)... (Text incomplete) ...for degree (*Yang Shi*).
Bi-occipital Headache, Unbearable Rising Qi: Use 21 Whole Scorpions, 6 Earthworms, 3 Ground Beetles, 5 qian Wubeizi (Gallnut). Grind to powder. Mix with wine, apply to Taiyang acupoints (*Deshengtang Jingyan Fang*).
Wind Toothache: 3 Whole Scorpions, 2 qian Beehive, stir-fry and grind, rub on affected area (*Zhizhi Fang*).
Intestinal Wind Bleeding: Dry Scorpion (stir-fried), White Alum (calcined)... (Text incomplete).
Rectal Prolapse: Whole Scorpion, stir-fried, ground to powder. Hold water in mouth, blow powder into nose for immediate effect (*Weisheng Baojian*).
Various Hemorrhoid Itching: Use any amount of Whole Scorpion, burn smoke to fumigate for immediate effect, a secret method (*Xiuzhen Fang*).
Various Carbuncles and Swellings: 7 Whole Scorpions, 7 Gardenias. Fry in Sesame Oil until black, strain, add Beeswax, melt into ointment, apply (*Danliao Fang*).