（《本经》下品）
【校正】自木部移入此。
【释名】巴椒（《别录》）、汉椒（《日华》）、
（唐毅）、点椒。
时珍曰∶蜀，古国名。汉，水名。今川西成都、广汉、潼川诸处是矣。巴亦国名，又水
名。今川东重庆、夔州、顺庆、阆中诸处是矣。川则巴蜀之总称，因岷、沱、黑、白四大水，
分东、西、南、北为四川也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶蜀椒生武都山谷及巴郡。八月采实，阴干。
弘景曰∶蜀郡北部人家种之。皮肉浓，腹里白，气味浓。江阳、晋康及建平间亦有而
细赤，辛而不香，力势不如巴郡者。
恭曰∶今出金州西城者最佳。
颂曰∶今归陕及蜀川、陕洛间人家，多作园圃种之。木高四、五尺，似茱萸而小，有针
刺。叶坚而滑，可煮饮食。四月结子无花，但生于枝叶间，颗如小豆而圆，皮紫赤色，八月
采实
时珍曰∶蜀椒肉浓皮皱，其子光黑，如人之瞳仁，故谓之椒目。他椒子虽光黑，亦不似
之。若土椒，则子无光彩矣。
【修治】 曰∶凡使南椒须去目及闭口者，以酒拌湿蒸，从巳至午，放冷密盖，无气后
取出，便入瓷器中，勿令伤风也。
宗 曰∶凡用秦椒、蜀椒，并微炒使出汗，乘热入竹筒中，以梗捣去里面黄壳，取红用
，未尽再捣。或只炒热，隔纸铺地上，以碗覆，待冷碾取红用。
椒红
【气味】辛，温，有毒。
《别录》曰∶大热。多食，令人乏气喘促。口闭者杀人。
诜曰∶十月食椒，损气伤心，令人多忘。
李鹏飞曰∶久食，令人失明，伤血脉。
之才曰∶杏仁为之使，得盐味佳，畏款冬花、防风、附子、雄黄。可收水银。中其毒者
，凉水、麻仁浆解之。
【主治】邪气咳逆，温中，逐骨节皮肤死肌，寒湿痹痛，下气。久服头不白，轻身增年
（《本经》）。除六腑寒冷，伤寒温疟大风汗不出，心腹留饮宿食，肠 下痢，泄精，女子
字乳余疾，散风邪瘕结，水肿黄胆，鬼疰蛊毒，杀虫、鱼毒。久服开腠理，通血脉，坚齿发，
明目，调关节，耐寒暑，可作膏药（《别录》）。治头风下泪，腰脚不遂，虚损留结，破血，
下诸石水，治咳嗽，腹内冷痛，除齿痛（甄权）。破症结开胸，治天行时气，产后宿血，壮
阳，疗阴汗，暖腰膝，缩小便，止呕逆（大明）。通神去老，益血，利五脏，下乳汁，灭瘢，
生毛发（孟诜）。散寒除湿，解郁结，消宿食，通三焦，温脾胃，补右肾命门，杀蛔虫，止
泄泻（时珍）。
【发明】颂曰∶服食方∶单服椒红补下，宜用蜀椒乃佳。段成式言椒气下达，饵之益下，
不上冲也
时珍曰∶椒纯阳之物，乃手足太阴、右肾命门气分之药。其味辛而麻，其气温以热。
禀南方之阳，受西方之阴。故能入肺散寒，治咳嗽；入脾除湿，治风寒湿痹，水肿泻痢；入
右肾补火，治阳衰溲数，足弱久痢诸证。一妇年七十余，病泻五年，百药不效。予以感应丸
五十丸投之，大便二日不行。再以平胃散加椒红、茴香，枣肉为丸与服，遂瘳。每因怒食举
发，服之即止。此除湿消食，温脾补肾之验也。按∶《岁时记》言∶岁旦饮椒柏酒以辟疫疠。
椒乃玉衡星精，服之令人体健耐老；柏乃百木之精，为仙药，能伏邪鬼故也。吴猛真人《服
椒诀》云∶椒禀五行之气而生，叶青、皮红、花黄、膜白、子黑。其气馨香，其性下行，能
使火热下达，不致上薰，芳草之中，功皆不及（其方见下）。时珍窃谓椒红丸虽云补肾，不
分
水火，未免误人。大抵此方惟脾胃及命门虚寒有湿郁者相宜。若肺胃素热者，大宜远之。故
丹溪朱氏云∶椒属火，有下达之能。服之既久，则火自水中生。故世人服椒者，无不被其毒
也。又《上清诀》云∶凡人吃饭伤饱，觉气上冲，心胸痞闷者，以水吞生椒一、二十颗即散。
取其能通三焦，引正气，下恶气，消宿食也。又戴原礼云∶凡人呕吐，服药不纳者，必有蛔
在膈间。蛔闻药则动，动则药出而蛔不出。但于呕吐药中，加炒川椒十粒良，盖蛔见椒则头
伏也。观此，则张仲景治蛔厥乌梅丸中用蜀椒，亦此义也。许叔微云∶大凡肾气上逆，须以
川椒引之归经则安。
【附方】旧十二，新二十三。
椒红丸∶治元脏伤惫，目暗耳聋。服此百日，觉身轻少睡，足有力，是其效也。服及三
年，心智爽悟，目明倍常，面色红悦，髭发光黑。用蜀椒去目及合口者，炒出汗，曝干，捣
取红一斤。以生地黄捣自然汁，入铜器中煎至一升，候稀稠得所，和椒末丸梧桐子大。每空
心暖酒下三十丸。合药时勿令妇人、鸡、犬见。诗云∶其椒应五行，其仁通六义。欲知先有
功，夜间无梦寐。四时去烦劳，五脏调元气。明目腰不痛，身轻心健记。别更有异能，三年
精自秘。回老返婴童，康强不思睡。九虫顿消亡，三尸自逃避。若能久饵之，神仙应可冀。
补益心肾∶《仙方》椒苓丸∶补益心肾，明目驻颜，顺气祛风延年。真川椒一斤（炒去
汗），
白茯苓十两（去皮）。为末，炼蜜丸梧桐子大。每服五十丸，空心盐汤下。忌铁器。（邵真人
《经验方》）
虚冷短气∶川椒三两，去目并合口者，以生绢袋盛，浸无灰酒五升中三日，随性饮之。
腹内虚冷∶用生椒择去不拆者，用四十粒，以浆水浸一宿，令合口，空心新汲水吞下。
久服暖脏腑，驻颜黑发、明目，令人思饮食。（《斗门方》）
心腹冷痛∶以布裹椒安痛处，用熨斗熨令椒出汗，即止。（孙真人方）
冷虫心痛∶川椒四两，炒出汗，酒一碗淋之，服酒。（《寿域神方》）
阴冷入腹∶有人阴冷，渐渐冷气入阴囊肿满，日夜疼闷欲死。以布裹椒包囊下，热气大
通，日再易之，以消为度。（《千金》）
呃噫不止∶川椒四两，炒研，面糊丸梧桐子大。每服十丸，醋汤下，神效。（邵以正《经
验方》）
传尸劳疰∶最杀劳虫。用真川椒红色者，去子及合口，以黄草纸二重隔之，炒出汗，取
放地上，以砂盆盖定，以火灰密遮四旁，约一时许，为细末，去壳，以老酒浸白糕和，丸梧
子大。每服四十丸，食前盐汤下。服至二斤，其疾自愈。此药兼治诸痹，用肉桂煎汤下；腰
痛，用茴香汤下；肾冷，用盐汤下。昔有一人病此，遇异人授是方，服至二斤，吐出一虫如
蛇而安，遂名神授丸。（陈言《三因方》）
历节风痛∶白虎历节风，痛甚，肉理枯虚，生虫游走痒痛，兼治痹疾，半身不遂。即上
治劳疰神授丸方。（《世医得效方》）
寒湿香港脚∶川椒二、三升，稀布囊盛之，日以踏脚。贵人所用。（
诸疮中风∶生蜀椒一升，以少面和溲裹椒，勿令漏气，分作两裹，于 灰火中烧熟，刺
头作孔，当疮上罨之，使椒气射入疮中，冷即易之。须臾疮中出水，及遍体出冷汗，即瘥也。
（
疮肿作痛∶生椒末、釜下土、荞麦粉等分研，醋和敷之。（《外台秘要》）
囊疮痛痒∶红椒七粒，葱头七个，煮水洗之。一人途中苦此，湘山寺僧授此方，数日愈。
名
手足皴裂∶椒四合，以水煮之，去渣渍之，半食顷，出令燥，须臾再浸，候干，涂猪羊
脑髓，极妙。（《深师方》）
漆疮作痒∶谭氏方∶用汉椒煎汤洗之。《相感志》云∶凡至漆所，嚼川椒涂鼻上，不生
漆疮。
夏月湿泻∶川椒（炒取红）、肉豆蔻（煨）各一两，为末，粳米饭丸梧桐子大。每量人
米饮服百
飧泻不化及久痢∶小椒一两（炒），苍术二两（土炒），碾末，醋糊丸梧桐子大。每米饮
服
久冷下痢或不痢，腰腹苦冷∶用蜀椒三升。酢渍一宿，曲三升，同椒一升，拌作粥食，
不过
老小泄泻∶小儿水泻、及人年五十以上患泻。用椒二两，醋二升，煮醋尽，慢火焙干，
碾末
水泻奶疳∶椒一分，去目碾末，酥调，稍稍涂脑上，日三度。（姚和仲《延龄方》）
食茶面黄∶川椒红，炒碾末，糊丸梧桐子大。每服十丸，茶汤下。（《胜金方》）
伤寒齿衄∶伤寒呕血，继而齿缝出血不止。用开口川椒四十九粒。入醋一盏，同煎熟，
入白
风虫牙痛∶《总录》∶用川椒红末，水和白面丸皂子大，烧热咬之，数度愈。一方∶花椒
四钱，牙皂七七个，醋一碗，煎漱之。
头上白秃∶花椒末，猪脂调敷，三、五度便愈。（《普济方》）
妇人秃鬓∶汉椒四两，酒浸，密室内日日搽之，自然长也。（《圣惠方》）
蝎螫作痛∶川椒嚼细涂之，微麻即止。（《杏林摘要》）
百虫入耳∶川椒碾细，浸醋灌之，自出。（危氏方）
毒蛇咬螫∶以闭口椒及叶，捣封之，良。（《肘后方》）
蛇入人口∶因熟取凉，卧地下，有蛇入口，不得出者。用刀破蛇尾，纳生椒二、三粒，
裹定，须臾即自退出也。（《圣惠方》）
小儿暴惊，啼哭绝死∶蜀椒、左顾牡蛎各六铢，以酢浆水一升，煮五合。每灌一合。（《千
金方
舌謇语吃∶川椒，以生面包丸。每服十粒，醋汤送下。（《救急方》）
痔漏脱肛∶每日空心嚼川椒一钱，凉水送下，三、五次即收。（同上）
肾风囊痒∶川椒、杏仁研膏，涂掌心，合阴囊而卧，甚效。（《直指方》
椒目
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。权曰∶苦、辛，有小毒。
【主治】水腹胀满，利小便（苏恭）。治十二种水气，及肾虚耳猝鸣聋，膀胱急（甄权）。
止气喘（震亨）。
【发明】权曰∶椒气下达，故椒目能治肾虚耳鸣。用巴豆、菖蒲同碾细，以松脂、黄蜡
溶和为挺，纳耳中抽之。治肾气虚，耳中如风水鸣，或如打钟磬之声，猝暴聋者。一日一易，
神验。
宗 曰∶椒目治盗汗有功。将目微炒碾细，用半钱，以生猪上唇煎汤一合，睡时调服，
无不效。盖椒目能行水，又治水蛊也。
震亨曰∶诸喘不止，用椒目炒碾二钱，白汤调服二、三服以上劫之，后乃随痰、火用药
时珍曰∶椒目下达，能行渗道，不行谷道，所以能下水燥湿、定喘消蛊也
【附方】新六。
水气肿满∶椒目炒，捣如膏，每酒服方寸匕。（《千金方》）
留饮腹痛∶椒目二两，巴豆一两（去皮心）。熬捣，以枣膏和丸麻子大。每服二丸，吞
下其痛即止。又方∶椒目十四枚，巴豆一枚，豉十六枚，合捣为二丸。服之，取吐利。（《肘
后方》）
痔漏肿痛∶椒目一撮，碾细。空心水服三钱，如神。（《海上方》）
崩中带下∶椒目炒碾细，每温酒服一勺。（《金匮钩玄》）
眼生黑花∶年久不可治者。椒目（炒）一两，苍术（炒）一两。为末，醋糊丸梧桐子大。
每服二十丸，醋汤下。（《本事方》）
叶
【气味】辛，热，无毒。
【主治】奔豚、伏梁气，及内外肾钓，并霍乱转筋，和艾及葱碾，以醋拌罨之（大明）。
杀虫，洗香港脚
根
【气味】辛，热，微毒。
【主治】肾与膀胱虚冷，血淋色瘀者，煎汤细饮。色鲜者勿服（时珍。出《证治要诀》）。
（收录于《神农本草经》下品）
【校正】从木部移至此处。
【释名】巴椒（出自《名医别录》）、汉椒（出自《日华子本草》）、蜀椒、点椒。
李时珍说：蜀，是古国名。汉，是水名。如今四川西部的成都、广汉、潼川等地就是这些地方。巴也是国名，又是水名。如今四川东部的重庆、夔州、顺庆、阆中等地就是这些地方。四川则是巴蜀的总称，因为岷江、沱江、黑水、白水四大水系，将这里分为东、西、南、北四部分，所以称为四川。
【集解】《名医别录》说：蜀椒生长在武都山谷及巴郡。八月采集果实，阴干。
陶弘景说：蜀郡北部的人家种植它。皮肉厚实，内部白色，气味浓郁。江阳、晋康及建平之间也有，但细小赤色，辛辣而不香，药力不如巴郡产的。
苏恭说：现在金州西城出产的最好。
苏颂说：现在陕西及四川、陕西洛阳一带的人家，多在园圃中种植。树高四五尺，像茱萸但较小，有针刺。叶子坚硬而光滑，可以煮食。四月结子无花，只生长在枝叶间，颗粒像小豆一样圆，皮呈紫红色，八月采集果实。
李时珍说：蜀椒肉厚皮皱，其种子光亮黑色，像人的瞳孔，所以叫作椒目。其他椒的种子虽然也光亮黑色，但不像这样。如果是土椒，则种子没有光泽。
【修治】雷敩说：凡是使用南椒，必须去掉椒目及闭口的果实，用酒拌湿蒸，从巳时至午时，放冷后严密盖好，待无气味后取出，立即放入瓷器中，不要让风邪侵入。
寇宗奭说：凡是使用秦椒、蜀椒，都要微炒使其出汗，趁热放入竹筒中，用梗捣去里面的黄壳，取红色的部分使用，如果没捣完再捣。或者只炒热，隔纸铺在地上，用碗覆盖，待冷却后碾碎取红色部分使用。
椒红
【气味】辛，温，有毒。
《名医别录》说：大热。多吃会让人气短喘促。闭口的果实会杀人。
陈藏器说：十月吃椒，损伤元气伤心，让人多忘事。
李鹏飞说：长期食用，让人失明，损伤血脉。
徐之才说：杏仁作为它的辅佐药，得到盐味更好，畏惧款冬花、防风、附子、雄黄。可以收敛水银。中毒者，用凉水、麻仁浆解毒。
【主治】邪气引起的咳嗽气逆，温中散寒，驱逐骨节皮肤中的死肌，寒湿痹痛，降气。长期服用头发不白，身体轻便，延年益寿（出自《神农本草经》）。祛除六腑寒冷，伤寒温疟大风汗不出，心腹留饮宿食，肠澼下痢，遗精，女子产后余疾，疏散风邪瘕结，水肿黄疸，鬼疰蛊毒，杀虫、鱼毒。长期服用开通腠理，通血脉，坚固牙齿头发，明目，调和关节，耐寒暑，可制作膏药（出自《名医别录》）。治疗头风流泪，腰脚不遂，虚损留结，破血，治疗各种石水，治疗咳嗽，腹内冷痛，祛除齿痛（甄权）。破除症结开胸，治疗天行时气，产后宿血，壮阳，治疗阴汗，暖腰膝，缩小便，止呕逆（大明）。通神去老，益血，利五脏，下乳汁，灭瘢痕，生毛发（孟诜）。散寒除湿，解郁结，消宿食，通三焦，温脾胃，补右肾命门，杀蛔虫，止泄泻（李时珍）。
【发明】苏颂说：服食方：单服椒红补下焦，宜用蜀椒效果更佳。段成式说椒气下达，服用有益下焦，不上冲。
李时珍说：椒是纯阳之物，是手足太阴经、右肾命门气分的药物。它的味道辛而麻，气温且热。禀受南方之阳，受西方之阴。所以能入肺散寒，治疗咳嗽；入脾除湿，治疗风寒湿痹，水肿泻痢；入右肾补火，治疗阳衰尿频，足弱久痢等各种证候。有一位七十多岁的妇女，患腹泻五年，百药无效。我给她服用感应丸五十丸，大便两天未行。再用平胃散加椒红、茴香，枣肉为丸让她服用，于是痊愈。每次因愤怒饮食引发，服用即止。这是除湿消食，温脾补肾的验证。按：《岁时记》说：元旦喝椒柏酒以辟疫疠。椒是玉衡星精华，服用让人体健耐老；柏是百木精华，是仙药，能伏邪鬼的缘故。吴猛真人《服椒诀》说：椒禀五行之气而生，叶青、皮红、花黄、膜白、子黑。其气馨香，其性下行，能使火热下达，不至于上熏，芳草之中，功效都不如它（其方见下）。李时珍私下认为椒红丸虽说是补肾，不分水火，未免误导人。大抵此方只适合脾胃及命门虚寒有湿郁的人。如果肺胃素来有热的人，非常应该远离它。所以丹溪朱氏说：椒属火，有下达的能力。服用久了，则火自水中生。所以世人服用椒的人，无不受到它的毒性影响。又《上清诀》说：凡人吃饭伤饱，觉得气上冲，心胸痞闷的，用水吞服生椒一二十颗即可消散。取其能通三焦，引正气，下恶气，消宿食。又戴原礼说：凡人呕吐，服药不纳的，必有蛔虫在膈间。蛔虫闻到药就会动，动了药就出来而蛔虫不出来。只要在呕吐药中加入炒川椒十粒很好，大概蛔虫见到椒头就伏下了。看这个，那么张仲景治疗蛔厥乌梅丸中使用蜀椒，也是这个意思。许叔微说：大凡肾气上逆，必须用川椒引导它归经才安。
【附方】旧方十二首，新方二十三首。
椒红丸：治疗元脏伤惫，目暗耳聋。服用此药一百天，觉得身体轻便少睡，脚有力，就是它的效验。服用到三年，心智爽悟，眼睛明亮倍常，面色红润，胡须头发光黑。用蜀椒去掉椒目及合口者，炒出汗，晒干，捣取红色部分一斤。用生地黄捣取自然汁，放入铜器中煎至一升，等到稀稠适中，和椒末做成梧桐子大小的丸。每次空腹用暖酒送下三十丸。制药时不要让妇人、鸡、狗看见。诗云：其椒应五行，其仁通六义。欲知先有功，夜间无梦寐。四时去烦劳，五脏调元气。明目腰不痛，身轻心健记。别更有异能，三年精自秘。回老返婴童，康强不思睡。九虫顿消亡，三尸自逃避。若能久饵之，神仙应可冀。
补益心肾：《仙方》椒苓丸：补益心肾，明目驻颜，顺气祛风延年。真川椒一斤（炒去汗），白茯苓十两（去皮）。研为末，炼蜜做成梧桐子大小的丸。每次服用五十丸，空腹盐汤送下。忌铁器。（邵真人《经验方》）
虚冷短气：川椒三两，去掉椒目并合口者，用生绢袋盛装，浸泡在无灰酒五升中三天，随意饮用。
腹内虚冷：用生椒挑选不去皮的，用四十粒，用浆水浸泡一夜，令其合口，空腹用新汲水吞下。
长期服用温暖脏腑，驻颜黑发、明目，让人思饮食。（《斗门方》）
心腹冷痛：用布包裹椒放在痛处，用熨斗熨令椒出汗，即止。（孙真人方）
冷虫心痛：川椒四两，炒出汗，用一碗酒淋之，服酒。（《寿域神方》）
阴冷入腹：有人阴冷，渐渐冷气进入阴囊肿满，日夜疼闷欲死。用布包裹椒包囊下，热气大通，每天更换两次，以消除为度。（《千金方》）
呃噫不止：川椒四两，炒研，面糊做成梧桐子大小的丸。每次服用十丸，醋汤送下，神效。（邵以正《经验方》）
传尸劳疰：最杀劳虫。用真川椒红色者，去掉子及合口，用黄草纸两层隔开，炒出汗，取出来放在地上，用砂盆盖定，用火灰严密遮盖四周，约一时许，研为细末，去掉壳，用老酒浸白糕和，做成梧桐子大小的丸。每次服用四十丸，饭前盐汤送下。服用到二斤，疾病自愈。此药兼治诸痹，用肉桂煎汤送下；腰痛，用茴香汤送下；肾冷，用盐汤送下。昔日有一人患此病，遇到异人传授此方，服用到二斤，吐出一条像蛇一样的虫子而安，于是名叫神授丸。（陈言《三因方》）
历节风痛：白虎历节风，疼痛剧烈，肌肉纹理枯虚，生虫游走痒痛，兼治痹疾，半身不遂。即上面治疗劳疰神授丸方。（《世医得效方》）
寒湿香港脚：川椒二、三升，用稀布囊盛装，每天用来踏脚。贵人所用。
诸疮中风：生蜀椒一升，用少量面和匀包裹椒，不要让漏气，分作两裹，在灰火中烧熟，刺头作孔，对着疮上敷之，使椒气射入疮中，冷了就换。一会儿疮中出水，及遍体出冷汗，就好了。
疮肿作痛：生椒末、釜下土、荞麦粉等分研，醋和敷之。（《外台秘要》）
囊疮痛痒：红椒七粒，葱头七个，煮水洗之。一人在途中苦于此病，湘山寺僧传授此方，数日愈。
手足皴裂：椒四合，用水煮之，去渣渍之，半顿饭顷，出来让它干燥，一会儿再浸，等干了，涂猪羊脑髓，极好。（《深师方》）
漆疮作痒：谭氏方：用汉椒煎汤洗之。《相感志》说：凡是到漆的地方，嚼川椒涂鼻上，不生漆疮。
夏月湿泻：川椒（炒取红）、肉豆蔻（煨）各一两，研为末，粳米饭做成梧桐子大小的丸。每次根据人数米饮服用一百丸。
飧泻不化及久痢：小椒一两（炒），苍术二两（土炒），碾末，醋糊做成梧桐子大小的丸。每次米饮服用。
久冷下痢或不痢，腰腹苦冷：用蜀椒三升。醋浸泡一夜，曲三升，同椒一升，拌作粥食，不超过。
老小泄泻：小儿水泻、及人年五十以上患泻。用椒二两，醋二升，煮醋尽，慢火焙干，碾末。
水泻奶疳：椒一分，去掉椒目碾末，酥调，稍稍涂脑上，每天三次。（姚和仲《延龄方》）
食茶面黄：川椒红，炒碾末，糊做成梧桐子大小的丸。每次服用十丸，茶汤送下。（《胜金方》）
伤寒齿衄：伤寒呕血，继而齿缝出血不止。用开口川椒四十九粒。入醋一盏，同煎熟，入白。
风虫牙痛：《总录》：用川椒红末，水和白面做成皂子大小的丸，烧热咬之，数次愈。一方：花椒四钱，牙皂七个，醋一碗，煎漱之。
头上白秃：花椒末，猪脂调敷，三、五次便愈。（《普济方》）
妇人秃鬓：汉椒四两，酒浸，密室内日日搽之，自然长也。（《圣惠方》）
蝎螫作痛：川椒嚼细涂之，微麻即止。（《杏林摘要》）
百虫入耳：川椒碾细，浸醋灌之，自出。（危氏方）
毒蛇咬螫：以闭口椒及叶，捣封之，良。（《肘后方》）
蛇入人口：因熟取凉，卧地下，有蛇入口，不得出者。用刀破蛇尾，纳生椒二、三粒，裹定，须臾即自退出也。（《圣惠方》）
小儿暴惊，啼哭绝死：蜀椒、左顾牡蛎各六铢，用酢浆水一升，煮五合。每次灌一合。（《千金方》）
舌謇语吃：川椒，用生面包丸。每次服用十粒，醋汤送下。（《救急方》）
痔漏脱肛：每日空腹嚼川椒一钱，凉水送下，三、五次即收。（同上）
肾风囊痒：川椒、杏仁研膏，涂掌心，合阴囊而卧，甚效。（《直指方》）
椒目
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。甄权说：苦、辛，有小毒。
【主治】水腹胀满，利小便（苏恭）。治疗十二种水气，及肾虚耳猝鸣聋，膀胱急（甄权）。止气喘（震亨）。
【发明】甄权说：椒气下达，所以椒目能治疗肾虚耳鸣。用巴豆、菖蒲同碾细，用松脂、黄蜡溶和做成挺，纳入耳中抽之。治疗肾气虚，耳中如风水鸣，或如打钟磬之声，猝暴聋的。一天一换，神验。
寇宗奭说：椒目治疗盗汗有功。将目微炒碾细，用半钱，用生猪上唇煎汤一合，睡觉时调服，没有无效的。大概椒目能行水，又治水蛊。
震亨说：诸喘不止，用椒目炒碾二钱，白汤调服二、三服以上劫之，然后随痰、火用药。
李时珍说：椒目下达，能行渗道，不行谷道，所以能下水燥湿、定喘消蛊。
【附方】新方六首。
水气肿满：椒目炒，捣如膏，每次酒服方寸匕。（《千金方》）
留饮腹痛：椒目二两，巴豆一两（去皮心）。熬捣，用枣膏和做成麻子大小的丸。每次服用二丸，吞下其痛即止。又方：椒目十四枚，巴豆一枚，豉十六枚，合捣为二丸。服之，取吐利。（《肘后方》）
痔漏肿痛：椒目一撮，碾细。空腹水服三钱，如神。（《海上方》）
崩中带下：椒目炒碾细，每次温酒服一勺。（《金匮钩玄》）
眼生黑花：年久不可治者。椒目（炒）一两，苍术（炒）一两。研为末，醋糊做成梧桐子大小的丸。每次服用二十丸，醋汤送下。（《本事方》）
叶
【气味】辛，热，无毒。
【主治】奔豚、伏梁气，及内外肾钓，并霍乱转筋，和艾及葱碾，用醋拌敷之（大明）。杀虫，洗香港脚。
根
【气味】辛，热，微毒。
【主治】肾与膀胱虚冷，血淋色瘀的，煎汤细饮。色鲜的勿服（李时珍。出自《证治要诀》）。
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Correction] Transferred from the Wood Section to this section.
[Names] Ba Jiao (from *Mingyi Bielu*), Han Jiao (from *Rizhenzi Bencao*), Shu Jiao, Dian Jiao.
Li Shizhen said: Shu was an ancient state name. Han was a river name. Today's Chengdu, Guanghan, Tongchuan and other places in western Sichuan are these areas. Ba is also a state name and a river name. Today's Chongqing, Kuizhou, Shunqing, Langzhong and other places in eastern Sichuan are these areas. Sichuan is the general term for Ba and Shu, because the Min River, Tuo River, Black Water, and White Water divide the region into east, west, south, and north, hence called Sichuan.
[Collection] *Mingyi Bielu* states: Shu Jiao grows in the valleys of Wudu and Ba Commandery. Collect the fruits in August and dry them in the shade.
Tao Hongjing said: People in northern Shu Commandery cultivate it. The skin and flesh are thick, the interior is white, and the aroma is strong. It is also found in Jiangyang, Jinkang, and Jianping, but it is thin and red, pungent but not fragrant, and its potency is inferior to that from Ba Commandery.
Su Gong said: The best quality today comes from Xicheng in Jinzhou.
Su Song said: Nowadays, people in Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Luoyang often plant it in gardens. The tree is four or five chi high, resembling Zhenyu (Cornus officinalis) but smaller, with thorns. The leaves are firm and smooth, suitable for cooking food. It bears fruit in April without flowers, growing among branches and leaves, round like small beans, with purple-red skin. Fruits are collected in August.
Li Shizhen said: Shu Jiao has thick flesh and wrinkled skin; its seeds are lustrous and black, resembling human pupils, hence called Jiaomu (Sichuan Pepper Seed). Other pepper seeds, though lustrous and black, do not resemble this. If it is Tu Jiao (local pepper), the seeds lack luster.
[Processing] Lei Xiao said: When using Nan Jiao (Southern Pepper), one must remove the Jiaomu and closed-mouth fruits. Mix with wine, steam from Si hour to Wu hour, cool, cover tightly until odorless, then take out and place immediately in porcelain jars to avoid exposure to wind.
Kou Zongshi said: When using Qin Jiao or Shu Jiao, stir-fry lightly until "sweat" appears. While hot, put into bamboo tubes and pound with stems to remove the yellow shell inside, keeping the red part. If not fully pounded, pound again. Alternatively, stir-fry hot, spread on ground through paper, cover with a bowl, wait until cool, then grind to obtain the red part.
Jiaohong (Pepper Red)
[Aroma and Flavor] Pungent, Warm, Toxic.
*Mingyi Bielu* states: Greatly Hot. Excessive consumption causes shortness of breath and panting. Closed-mouth fruits can be fatal.
Chen Cangqi said: Eating pepper in October damages Qi and harms the Heart, causing forgetfulness.
Li Pengfei said: Long-term consumption causes blindness and damages blood vessels.
Xu Zhicai said: Xingren (Apricot Seed) acts as its assistant. It tastes better with salt. It fears Kuaandonghua (Adoxophyllum Flower), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root), Fuzi (Aconite Lateral Root), and Xionghuang (Realgar). It can absorb mercury. Poisoning is treated with cold water or Hemp Seed decoction.
[Indications] Treats cough and rebellious Qi caused by pathogenic factors, warms the Middle, expels dead tissue in bones, joints, and skin, treats Bi syndrome pain due to Cold-Damp, directs Qi downward. Long-term use prevents graying of hair, lightens the body, and prolongs life (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Expels Cold from the Six Fu organs, treats Shanghan (Cold Damage) and Wen Nue (Warm Malaria) with inability to sweat, treats retained fluid and old food in the Heart and Abdomen, treats intestinal dysentery, spermatorrhea, postpartum residual diseases, disperses Wind-pathogen masses, edema, and jaundice, treats Gui Zhu (wandering pestilence) and Gu Du (poison), kills parasites and fish poison. Long-term use opens the Cou Li (pores), unblocks Blood vessels, strengthens teeth and hair, brightens eyes, harmonizes joints, resists Cold and Heat, and can be used for plasters (*Mingyi Bielu*). Treats Tou Feng (head Wind) with tearing, immobility of waist and legs, deficiency with stagnation, breaks Blood stasis, treats various Shi Shui (stone-type edema), cough, cold pain in the abdomen, and toothache (Zhen Quan). Breaks masses and opens the chest, treats epidemic febrile diseases, postpartum retained Blood, tonifies Yang, treats Yin Han (cold sweat in genital area), warms waist and knees, reduces urination, stops vomiting and rebellious Qi (Da Ming). Enhances spirit, delays aging, benefits Blood, promotes Five Zang organs, promotes lactation, removes scars, promotes hair growth (Meng Shen). Disperses Cold and removes Damp, resolves depression and stagnation, eliminates old food, unblocks the San Jiao (Triple Burner), warms Spleen and Stomach, tonifies the Right Kidney Ming Men (Gate of Life), kills roundworms, stops diarrhea (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Su Song said: In dietary therapy formulas: Single-use Jiaohong tonifies the Lower Jiao; Shu Jiao is preferred. Duan Chengshi stated that Pepper Qi descends; consuming it benefits the Lower Jiao without rising upward.
Li Shizhen said: Pepper is a Pure Yang substance, acting on the Hand and Foot Taiyin meridians and the Qi aspect of the Right Kidney Ming Men. Its flavor is pungent and numbing; its temperature is warm and hot. It inherits Southern Yang and receives Western Yin. Thus, it enters the Lung to disperse Cold and treat cough; enters the Spleen to remove Dampness and treat Wind-Cold-Damp Bi, edema, and diarrhea; enters the Right Kidney to tonify Fire and treat Yang deficiency with frequent urination, weak legs, and chronic diarrhea. A woman over seventy suffered from diarrhea for five years with no effect from various medicines. I administered fifty pills of Yinggan Wan. Her bowels did not move for two days. Then I gave her Pingwei San added with Jiaohong and Huixiang (Fennel), formed into pills with Jujube paste, which cured her. Attacks triggered by anger and diet were stopped immediately. This verifies the efficacy of removing Dampness, eliminating food stagnation, warming the Spleen, and tonifying the Kidney. Note: *Suishi Ji* states: Drinking Jiao Bai Jiu (Pepper and Cypress Wine) on New Year's Day wards off epidemics. Pepper is the essence of the Yu Heng star; consuming it makes the body robust and resistant to aging. Cypress is the essence of all trees, a celestial medicine that subdues evil spirits. Wu Meng Zhenren's *Fu Jiao Jue* says: Pepper is born from the Qi of the Five Elements; leaves are green, skin red, flowers yellow, membrane white, seeds black. Its aroma is fragrant, its nature descends, directing Fire-Heat downward to prevent upward flaring; among aromatic herbs, none surpass it (formula below). Li Shizhen privately believes that although Jiaohong Wan claims to tonify the Kidney, it does not distinguish between Water and Fire, potentially misleading people. Generally, this formula is suitable only for those with Spleen-Stomach and Ming Men deficiency-Cold with Damp stagnation. Those with inherent Heat in the Lung and Stomach should strictly avoid it. Thus, Danxi Zhu Shi said: Pepper belongs to Fire and has the ability to descend. Long-term consumption generates Fire from Water. Therefore, those who consume Pepper are inevitably affected by its toxicity. Also, *Shangqing Jue* states: For fullness after eating with Qi rushing upward and chest oppression, swallowing one to twenty raw Pepper grains with water dissipates the condition. This utilizes its ability to unblock the San Jiao, guide righteous Qi, direct evil Qi downward, and eliminate food stagnation. Dai Yuanli said: In cases of vomiting where medicine is rejected, there must be Ascaris (roundworms) in the diaphragm. Roundworms move upon smelling medicine, causing the medicine to be expelled while worms remain. Adding ten stir-fried Chuan Jiao (Sichuan Pepper) grains to anti-emetic medicine is effective, as roundworms submit when they see Pepper. This explains why Zhang Zhongjing used Shu Jiao in Wumei Wan for treating Rebellious Qi due to roundworms. Xu Shuwei said: For rebellious Kidney Qi, Chuan Jiao must be used to guide it back to its meridian for stability.
[Attached Formulas] Twelve old formulas, twenty-three new formulas.
Jiaohong Wan: Treats injury and exhaustion of the Yuan Zang (Original Viscera), dim vision, and deafness. After 100 days of use, one feels light, sleeps less, and has strength in the feet. After three years, mental clarity improves, vision doubles, complexion becomes ruddy, and beard/hair become dark and shiny. Use Shu Jiao, remove seeds and closed-mouth fruits, stir-fry until sweating, dry in sun, grind to obtain 1 jin of red powder. Crush fresh Dihuang (Rehmannia Root) to extract juice, boil in a copper vessel to 1 sheng. When consistency is appropriate, mix with pepper powder to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 30 pills on an empty stomach with warm wine. Do not let women, chickens, or dogs see the preparation. Poem: This pepper corresponds to the Five Elements... [Poem continues describing benefits].
Tonify Heart and Kidney: *Xianfang* Jiaoling Wan: Tonifies Heart and Kidney, brightens eyes, preserves youth, regulates Qi, dispels Wind, and prolongs life. Zhen Chuan Jiao 1 jin (stir-fried to remove sweat), Baifuling (Poria) 10 liang (peeled). Grind to powder, mix with refined honey to form Sophora seed-sized pills. Take 50 pills on an empty stomach with salt water. Avoid iron vessels. (Shao Zhenren *Experience Formula*)
Deficiency-Cold and Shortness of Breath: Chuan Jiao 3 liang, remove seeds and closed-mouth fruits, place in raw silk bag, soak in 5 sheng of non-gray wine for three days. Drink as desired.
Empty Cold in Abdomen: Select 40 raw peppers (do not peel), soak in sour rice water overnight until closed-mouth. Swallow on an empty stomach with fresh well water. Long-term use warms viscera, preserves youth, darkens hair, brightens eyes, and stimulates appetite. (*Doumen Fang*)
Cold Pain in Heart and Abdomen: Wrap pepper in cloth, apply to painful area, heat with an iron to make pepper sweat, then stop. (Sun Simiao's Formula)
Cold Worm Heartache: Chuan Jiao 4 liang, stir-fry until sweating, pour 1 bowl of wine over it, drink the wine. (*Shouyu Shenfang*)
Cold Entering Genitals: Someone experienced gradual cold entering the scrotum causing swelling and unbearable pain day and night. Wrap pepper in cloth, apply to scrotum. Heat flows freely. Change twice daily until resolved. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Persistent Hiccups: Chuan Jiao 4 liang, stir-fry and grind, bind with flour paste into Sophora seed-sized pills. Take 10 pills with vinegar water. Divine efficacy. (Shao Yizheng *Experience Formula*)
Consumptive Disease (Lao Zhu): Kills wasting parasites. Use true red Chuan Jiao, remove seeds and closed-mouth fruits, stir-fry between two layers of yellow grass paper until sweating. Place on ground, cover with clay pot, seal around edges with ash for about one hour. Grind to fine powder, remove shells, mix with aged wine and steamed cake to form Sophora seed-sized pills. Take 40 pills before meals with salt water. After taking 2 jin, the disease heals spontaneously. This drug also treats various Bi syndromes; take with Cinnamon decoction for Bi pain, Fennel decoction for lower back pain, Salt water for Cold Kidney. Once, a patient received this formula from an immortal, took 2 jin, vomited a snake-like worm, and recovered. Named Shenshou Wan. (Chen Yan *San Yin Fang*)
Joint Pain (Li Jie Feng): Severe Baihu Li Jie Feng pain, emaciation, parasitic itching, Bi syndrome, hemiplegia. Use the above Shenshou Wan formula. (*Shiyi Dexiao Fang*)
Cold-Damp Hong Kong Foot (Gout/Edema): Chuan Jiao 2-3 sheng, place in loose cloth bag, step on daily. Used by nobles.
Wind Stroke in Various Sores: Raw Shu Jiao 1 sheng, mix with small amount of flour to wrap pepper, ensure airtight, divide into two wraps. Roast in ashes until cooked, puncture holes, apply to sore to penetrate pepper Qi. Replace when cool. Soon, fluid exudes from sore and cold sweat covers body, then cures.
Swollen Sore Pain: Mix raw pepper powder, soil from under cauldron, and buckwheat flour equally. Grind, mix with vinegar, apply externally. (*Waitai Miyao*)
Scrotal Sore Itching: 7 red peppers, 7 green onion heads. Boil, wash with water. A traveler suffering from this was cured in a few days by a monk at Xiangshan Temple.
Cracked Hands and Feet: 4 he of pepper, boil in water, strain, soak hands/feet. Dry for half a meal time, soak again, dry, apply pig or sheep brain marrow. Excellent. (*Shenshi Fang*)
Lacquer Dermatitis Itching: Tan's Formula: Wash with decoction of Han Jiao. *Xianganzhi* states: When exposed to lacquer, chew Chuan Jiao and apply to nose to prevent dermatitis.
Summer Damp Diarrhea: Chuan Jiao (stir-fried to get red), Rou Doukou (Nutmeg, baked) each 1 liang. Grind, form pills with rice paste the size of Sophora seeds. Take 100 pills with rice water according to age.
Sporadic Diarrhea and Chronic Dysentery: Xiao Jiao 1 liang (stir-fried), Cangzhu 2 liang (soil-fried). Grind, bind with vinegar paste into Sophora seed-sized pills. Take with rice water.
Chronic Cold Diarrhea or Non-diarrhea with Cold Waist/Abdomen: Use 3 sheng of Shu Jiao. Soak in vinegar overnight. Mix with 3 sheng of Qu (yeast starter) and 1 sheng of pepper. Cook as porridge and eat.
Diarrhea in Old and Young: For infant watery diarrhea or adults over 50 with diarrhea. Use 2 liang of pepper, 2 sheng of vinegar. Boil until vinegar is absorbed, dry slowly, grind to powder.
Watery Diarrhea and Infant Malnutrition: 1 fen of pepper, remove seeds, grind to powder. Mix with butter, apply slightly to head three times daily. (Yao Hezhong *Yanling Fang*)
Yellow Complexion from Tea/Noodles: Chuan Jiao red, stir-fry and grind to powder, bind with paste into Sophora seed-sized pills. Take 10 pills with tea water. (*Shengjin Fang*)
Shanghan Dental Bleeding: Shanghan with vomiting blood followed by continuous bleeding from gums. Use 49 open-mouth Chuan Jiao grains. Add 1 cup of vinegar, boil together, add white [ingredient missing in text, likely sugar or similar].
Wind-Worm Toothache: *Zonglu*: Use Chuan Jiao red powder, mix with water and white flour into soap-seed sized pills. Heat and bite. Cured in several times. Another formula: 4 qian of Huajiao, 7 Tianmao (Soap Pod), 1 bowl of vinegar. Boil and gargle.
White Baldness on Head: Huajiao powder, mix with pig fat, apply. Cured in 3-5 applications. (*Puji Fang*)
Female Temporal Hair Loss: Han Jiao 4 liang, soak in wine. Apply daily in a sealed room; hair will grow naturally. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Scorpion Sting Pain: Chew Chuan Jiao finely and apply. Slight numbness stops pain. (*Xinglin Zhaiyao*)
Insects in Ear: Grind Chuan Jiao finely, soak in vinegar, drip into ear. Insects come out. (Wei Shi's Formula)
Venomous Snake Bite: Pound closed-mouth pepper and leaves, apply externally. Good. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Snake Entered Mouth: After cooling cooked food, lie on ground. If a snake enters mouth and cannot exit, cut snake tail, insert 2-3 raw pepper grains, wrap firmly. Snake retreats shortly. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Sudden Infant Shock and Cessation of Crying: Shu Jiao and Zuogu Muli (Oyster Shell) each 6 zhu. Boil in 1 sheng of sour rice water to 5 he. Administer 1 he per dose. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Stiff Tongue and Slurred Speech: Wrap Chuan Jiao in raw dough into pills. Take 10 pills with vinegar water. (*Jiuji Fang*)
Hemorrhoids, Fistula, Rectal Prolapse: Chew 1 qian of Chuan Jiao on an empty stomach daily, swallow with cool water. Recedes in 3-5 times. (Same source)
Kidney Wind Scrotal Itching: Grind Chuan Jiao and Xingren (Apricot Seed) into paste. Apply to palms, press against scrotum while lying down. Very effective. (*Zhizhi Fang*)
Jiaomu (Pepper Seed)
[Aroma and Flavor] Bitter, Cold, Non-toxic. Zhen Quan said: Bitter, Pungent, Slightly toxic.
[Indications] Treats abdominal distension due to water, promotes urination (Su Gong). Treats twelve types of water qi, sudden tinnitus/deafness due to Kidney deficiency, bladder urgency (Zhen Quan). Stops wheezing (Zhen Heng).
[Elucidation] Zhen Quan said: Since Pepper Qi descends, Jiaomu can treat Kidney deficiency tinnitus. Grind Badou (Croton Seed) and Changpu (Acorus) finely, mix with pine resin and beeswax to form suppositories, insert into ear and pull. Treats Kidney Qi deficiency with wind-water sound in ear or bell-like sounds, sudden deafness. Change once daily. Divine efficacy.
Kou Zongshi said: Jiaomu is effective for night sweats. Lightly stir-fry Jiaomu, grind finely. Take 0.5 qian, mix with decoction of pig upper lip (1 he), take before sleep. Effective generally. Jiaomu moves water and treats water gu (ascites).
Zhen Heng said: For persistent wheezing, stir-fry and grind 2 qian of Jiaomu, take with hot water in 2-3 doses to "rob" the pathogen, then treat according to Phlegm or Fire.
Li Shizhen said: Jiaomu descends, acting on the渗道 (fluid passages), not the grain passage (digestive tract), thus promoting water elimination, drying Dampness, calming wheezing, and resolving gu.
[Attached Formulas] Six new formulas.
Water Edema: Stir-fry Jiaomu, grind to paste. Take with wine using a square-inch measure. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Retained Fluid Abdominal Pain: Jiaomu 2 liang, Badou 1 liang (remove skin and heart). Roast and grind, mix with jujube paste into hemp seed-sized pills. Take 2 pills swallowed; pain stops immediately. Another formula: 14 Jiaomu, 1 Badou, 16 Dou (fermented soybean). Grind together into 2 pills. Take to induce vomiting and diarrhea. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Hemorrhoid/Fistula Swelling Pain: A pinch of Jiaomu, grind finely. Take 3 qian with water on empty stomach. Like magic. (*Haishang Fang*)
Metrorrhagia and Leukorrhea: Stir-fry and grind Jiaomu finely. Take 1 spoon with warm wine. (*Jingui Gouxuan*)
Black Spots in Eyes: Chronic untreatable cases. Jiaomu (stir-fried) 1 liang, Cangzhu (stir-fried) 1 liang. Grind, bind with vinegar paste into Sophora seed-sized pills. Take 20 pills with vinegar water. (*Benshi Fang*)
Leaves
[Aroma and Flavor] Pungent, Hot, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats Ben Tun (running piglet sensation), Fu Liang Qi (mass below diaphragm), internal/external kidney tension, and Huoluan with muscle cramps. Mix with Ai Ye (Mugwort) and Cong Bai (Green Onion White), grind, mix with vinegar, apply externally (Da Ming). Kills parasites, washes Hong Kong foot.
Root
[Aroma and Flavor] Pungent, Hot, Slightly toxic.
[Indications] Treats Kidney and Bladder deficiency-cold, bloody stranguria with dark urine. Decoct and sip slowly. Do not use if color is fresh/bright (Li Shizhen. From *Zhengzhi Yaojue*).