（《别录》中品）
【校正】并入《开宝》生银。
【释名】白金（《纲目》）、鋈。
时珍曰∶《尔雅》∶白金谓之银，其美者曰 。《说文》云∶鋈，白金也。梵书谓之阿路
巴。
【集解】《别录》曰∶银屑生永昌，采无时。
弘景曰∶银之所出处，亦与金同，但是生土中也。炼饵法亦似金。永昌属益州，今属宁
州。
恭曰∶银与金，生不同处，所在皆有，而以虢州者为胜，此外多铅秽为劣。高丽作帖者
，云非银矿所出，然色青不如虢州者。
志曰∶生银出饶州乐平诸坑银矿中，状如硬锡，纹理粗错自然者真。
颂曰∶银在矿中与铜相杂，土人采得，以铅再三煎炼方成，故为熟银。生银则生银矿中
，状如硬锡。其金坑中所得，乃在土石中渗漏成条，若丝发状，土人谓之老翁须，极难得。
方书用生银，必得此乃真。
曰∶按《南越志》∶波斯国有天生药银，用为试药指环。又烧朱粉瓮下，多年沉积有
银，号杯铅银，光软甚好，与波斯银功力相似，只是难得。今时烧炼家，每一斤生铅，只得
一、二铢。《山海经》云∶东北乐平郡堂少山出银甚多。黔中生银体硬，不堪入药。
宗 曰∶银出于矿，须煎炼成，故名熟银。其生银即不自矿中出而特然生者，又谓之老
翁须，其入用不同。世之术士，以朱砂而成，以铅汞而成，以焦铜而成者，既无造化之气，
岂可入药，不可不别。
时珍曰∶闽、浙、荆、湖、饶、信、广、滇、贵州诸处，山中皆产银，有矿中炼出者，
有沙土中炼出者。其生银，俗称银笋、银牙者也，亦曰出山银。独孤滔《丹房镜源》所谓铅
坑中出褐色石，形如笋，打破即白，名曰自然牙，曰自然铅，亦曰生铅，此有变化之道，不
堪服食者，是也。《管子》云∶上有铅，下有银。《地镜图》云∶山有葱，下有银。银之气，
入夜正白，流散在地，其精变为白雄鸡。《宝藏论》云∶银有十七种，又外有四种。天生牙，
生银坑内石缝中，状如乱丝，色红者上，入火紫白如草根者次之，衔黑石者最奇，生乐平、
鄱阳产铅之山，一名龙牙，一名龙须，是正生银，无毒，为至药根本也。生银生石矿中，成
片块、大小不定，状如硬锡。母砂银，生五溪丹砂穴中，色理红光。黑铅银，得子母之气。
此四种为真银。有水银银、草砂银、曾青银、石绿银、雄黄银、雌黄银、硫黄银、胆矾银、
灵草银，皆是以药制成者；丹阳银、铜银、铁银、白锡银，皆以药点化者，十三种皆假银也。
外有四种∶新罗银、波斯银、林邑银、云南银，并精好。
银屑
【修治】弘景曰∶医方镇心丸用之，不可正服。为屑，当以水银研，令消也。
恭曰∶方家用银屑，取见成银箔，以水银消之为泥，合硝石及盐研为粉，烧出水银，淘
去盐石，为粉极细，用之乃佳，不得只磨取屑耳。
时珍曰∶入药只用银箔易细，若用水银盐硝制者，反有毒矣。
《龙木论》谓之银液。又有锡箔可伪，宜辨之。
【气味】辛，平。有毒。
曰∶大寒，无毒。详生银下。
【主治】安五脏，定心神，止惊悸，除邪气，久服轻身长年（《别录》）。定志，去惊痫，
小儿癫疾狂走（甄权）。破冷除风（青霞子）。银箔∶坚骨，镇心明目，去风热癫痫。入丸散
用（李 ）。
生银
【气味】辛，寒，无毒。独孤滔云∶铅内银∶有毒。
保升曰∶畏黄连、甘草、飞廉、石亭脂、砒石，恶羊血、马目毒公。
大明曰∶冷，微毒。畏磁石，恶锡，忌生血。
时珍曰∶荷叶、蕈灰能粉银。羚羊角、乌贼鱼骨、鼠尾、龟壳、生姜、地黄、磁石，俱
能瘦银。羊脂、紫苏子，皆能柔银。
【主治】热狂惊悸，发痫恍惚，夜卧不安谵语，邪气鬼祟。
服之明目镇心，安神定志。小儿诸热丹毒，并以水磨服之，功胜紫雪（《开宝》）。小儿
中恶，热毒烦闷，水磨服之（大明）。煮水，入葱白、粳米作粥食，治胎动不安，漏血（时
珍）。
【发明】好古曰∶白银属肺。
颂曰∶银屑，葛洪《肘后方》治痈肿五石汤中用之。
宗 曰∶本草言银屑有毒，生银无毒，释者略漏不言。盖生银已发于外，无蕴郁之气，
故无毒；矿银蕴于石中，郁结之气全未敷畅，故有毒也。
时珍曰∶此说非矣。生银初煎出如缦理，乃其天真，故无毒。熔者投以少铜，则成丝纹
金花，铜多则反败银，去铜则复还银。而初入少铜终不能出，作伪者又制以药石铅锡。且古
法用水银煎消，制银箔成泥入药，所以银屑有毒。银本无毒，其毒则诸物之毒也。今人用银
器饮食，遇毒则变黑；中毒死者，亦以银物探试之，则银之无毒可征矣。其入药，亦是平肝
镇怯之义。故《太清服炼书》言∶银禀西方辛阴之神，结精为质，性刚戾，服之能伤肝，是
也。《抱朴子》言银化水服，可成地仙者，亦方士谬言也，不足信。
曰∶凡使金银铜铁，只可浑安在药中，借气生药力而已，勿入药服，能消人脂。
【附方】旧二，新四。
妊娠腰痛如折者∶银一两，水三升，煎二升，服之。（《子母秘录》）
胎动欲堕，痛不可忍∶银五两，苎根二两。清酒一盏，水一大盏，煎一盏，温服。（《妇
人良方》）
胎热横闷∶生银五两，葱白三寸，阿胶（炒）半两。水一盏，煎服。亦可入糯米，作粥
食。（《圣惠方》）
风牙疼痛∶文银一两，烧红淬烧酒一盏，热漱饮之，立止。（《集简方》）口鼻疳蚀，穿
唇透颊∶银屑一两，水三升，铜器煎一升，日洗三、四次。（《圣济录》）
身面赤疵∶常以银揩，令热，久久自消。（《千金翼》）
【附录】黄银（《拾遗》）
恭曰∶黄银，本草不载，俗云为器辟恶，乃为瑞物。
藏器曰∶黄银载在《瑞物图经》，既堪为器，明非瑞物。
时珍曰∶按《方勺泊宅编》云∶黄银出蜀中，色与金无异，但上石则白色。《熊太古冀
越集》云∶黄银绝少，道家言鬼神畏之。《六帖》载唐太宗赐房玄龄带云∶世传黄银鬼神畏
之。《春秋运斗枢》云∶人君秉金德而生，则黄银见世。人以 石为黄银，非也。 石，即
药成黄铜也。
乌银
藏器曰∶今人用硫黄熏银，再宿泻之，则色黑矣。工人用为器。养生者以器煮药，兼于
庭中高一、二丈处，夜承露醴饮之，长年辟恶。
【校正】并入《开宝本草》中的生银。
【释名】白金（《本草纲目》）、鋈（wù，镀金或白铜）。
李时珍说：《尔雅》记载：白银称为银，其中品质优良的称为“錧”（guàn，一种银饰）。《说文解字》说：鋈，就是白金。梵文称之为阿路巴。
【集解】《名医别录》说：银屑产于永昌，采集没有固定时间。
陶弘景说：银的产地与金相同，只是生于土中。炼制和服食的方法也与金相似。永昌属于益州，现在属于宁州。
苏恭说：银与金的产地不同，各地都有出产，但以虢州（今河南灵宝一带）产的为优，其他地方多混杂铅而质量低劣。高丽国制作的银箔，声称不是从银矿中开采出来的，但颜色发青，不如虢州产的。
寇宗奭说：生银产于饶州乐平等地的银矿坑中，形状像硬锡，纹理粗糙交错、自然形成的才是真品。
苏颂说：银在矿中与铜混杂，当地人开采后，用铅反复煎炼才成为熟银。生银则是直接从生银矿中取出，形状像硬锡。在金矿坑中所得到的，是在土石中渗漏成条状，像丝发一样，当地人称为“老翁须”，极难得到。医方书中使用的生银，必须得到这种才算真品。
唐慎微说：据《南越志》记载：波斯国有天然生成的药银，用来制作试药指环。又在烧制朱砂粉的瓮下，多年沉积有银，称为“杯铅银”，光泽柔软极好，与波斯银的功效相似，只是难得。现在的冶炼家，每一斤生铅，只能得到一两铢银。《山海经》说：东北乐平郡堂少山出产很多银。黔地生产的银质地坚硬，不适合入药。
陈承说：银出于矿，必须经过煎炼才能使用，所以叫熟银。其生银即不是从矿中开采出来而是自然生成的，又叫做“老翁须”，两者的用途不同。世上的术士，用朱砂合成、用铅汞合成、用焦铜合成的，既然没有造化之气，怎么可以入药？不可不加以辨别。
李时珍说：福建、浙江、荆湖、饶州、信州、广州、云南、贵州等地，山中都产银，有的从矿中炼出，有的从沙土中炼出。那种生银，俗称银笋、银牙，也叫出山银。独孤滔《丹房镜源》所说的铅坑中出的褐色石头，形状像笋，打破后里面是白色的，名叫自然牙、自然铅、生铅，这是有变化之道的，不能服用，指的就是这种东西。《管子》说：上面有铅，下面就有银。《地镜图》说：山上有葱，下面就有银。银的气，入夜后正白，流散在地面上，其精华变为白雄鸡。《宝藏论》说：银有十七种，另外还有四种。天生牙，生长在银矿坑内的石缝中，形状像乱丝，颜色红的为上品，遇火变紫白如草根色的次之，衔着黑石的最奇特，产于乐平、鄱阳产铅的山中，一名龙牙，一名龙须，是真正的生银，无毒，是极好的药物根本。生银生于石矿中，成片块状，大小不定，形状像硬锡。母砂银，生于五溪丹砂穴中，色泽纹理泛红光。黑铅银，得子母之气。这四种是真银。还有水银银、草砂银、曾青银、石绿银、雄黄银、雌黄银、硫黄银、胆矾银、灵草银，都是用药物制成的；丹阳银、铜银、铁银、白锡银，都是用药物点化而成的，这十三种都是假银。另外有四种：新罗银、波斯银、林邑银、云南银，都非常精好。
银屑
【修治】陶弘景说：医方中镇心丸用到它，不能直接服用。制成银屑，应当用水银研磨，使其溶解。
苏恭说：方家用银屑，取现成的银箔，用水银将其消解成泥，加入硝石及盐研磨成粉，烧去水银，淘去盐石，得到的粉极细，使用效果才好，不得只磨取碎屑而已。
李时珍说：入药只用银箔容易弄细，如果用水银、盐、硝石制备的，反而有毒了。
《龙木论》称之为银液。又有锡箔可以假冒，应当辨别。
【气味】辛，平。有毒。
唐慎微说：大寒，无毒。详见生银项下。
【主治】安五脏，定心神，止惊悸，除邪气，久服轻身延年（《名医别录》）。定志，去惊痫，治疗小儿癫疾狂走（甄权）。破冷除风（青霞子）。银箔：坚骨，镇心明目，去风热癫痫。入丸散使用（李珣）。
生银
【气味】辛，寒，无毒。独孤滔说：铅内银有毒。
保升说：畏黄连、甘草、飞廉、石亭脂、砒石，恶羊血、马目毒公（一种毒虫）。
大明说：冷，微毒。畏磁石，恶锡，忌生血。
李时珍说：荷叶、蕈灰能使银变粉。羚羊角、乌贼鱼骨、鼠尾、龟壳、生姜、地黄、磁石，都能使银变薄（瘦银）。羊脂、紫苏子，都能使银变柔。
【主治】热狂惊悸，发作癫痫恍惚，夜间卧不安稳谵语，邪气鬼祟。
服用它能明目镇心，安神定志。小儿各种热毒丹毒，用水磨服下，功效胜过紫雪（《开宝本草》）。小儿中恶，热毒烦闷，用水磨服下（大明）。煮水，加入葱白、粳米做成粥食用，治疗胎动不安，漏血（李时珍）。
【发明】王好古说：白银属肺。
苏颂说：银屑，葛洪《肘后备急方》治痈肿五石汤中使用。
陈承说：本草说银屑有毒，生银无毒，解释者遗漏未言。大概生银已经发散于外，没有蕴郁之气，所以无毒；矿银蕴藏在石头中，郁结之气完全未舒展，所以有毒。
李时珍说：这种说法不对。生银初煎出时像缦理（无纹路的银），是其天真本性，所以无毒。熔炼时投入少量铜，就会形成丝纹金花，铜多了反而败坏银，去掉铜则恢复为银。而且初入少量铜最终不能去除，造假者又用药石铅锡制作。况且古法用水银煎消，将银制成箔泥入药，所以银屑有毒。银本身无毒，其毒性则是其他物质的毒性。现在人用银器饮食，遇到毒药会变黑；中毒死者，也用银物探试，那么银无毒是可以证实的。其入药，也是平肝镇怯的意思。所以《太清服炼书》说：银禀受西方辛阴之神，凝结精华为质，性刚戾，服用能伤肝，这是对的。《抱朴子》说银化成水服用，可以成为地仙，这也是方士的谬言，不值得相信。
唐慎微说：凡是金银铜铁，只可整体放在药中，借其气来生发药力罢了，不要入药服用，会消耗人的脂肪。
【附方】旧方二首，新方四首。
妊娠腰痛如折断者：银一两，水三升，煎至二升，服用。（《子母秘录》）
胎动欲堕，痛不可忍：银五两，苎根二两。清酒一盏，水一大盏，煎至一盏，温服。（《妇人良方》）
胎热横闷：生银五两，葱白三寸，阿胶（炒）半两。水一盏，煎服。也可以加入糯米，做成粥食用。（《圣惠方》）
风牙疼痛：文银一两，烧红后淬入烧酒一盏，热漱饮之，立即停止。（《集简方》）口鼻疳蚀，穿唇透颊：银屑一两，水三升，铜器煎至一升，每日洗三、四次。（《圣济录》）
身面赤疵：经常用银擦拭，令其发热，久而久之自然消除。（《千金翼方》）
【附录】黄银（《本草拾遗》）
苏恭说：黄银，本草不记载，俗传做器物辟邪，认为是瑞物。
藏器说：黄银记载在《瑞物图经》，既然可以做器物，明确不是瑞物。
李时珍说：按《方勺泊宅编》说：黄银产于蜀中，颜色与金无异，但沾上石头则变白色。《熊太古冀越集》说：黄银极少，道家说鬼神畏惧它。《六帖》记载唐太宗赐给房玄龄的带子上说：世传黄银鬼神畏惧它。《春秋运斗枢》说：君主秉金德而生，则黄银出现于世。人们把某种石头当作黄银，是不对的。这种石头，就是药成后的黄铜。
乌银
藏器说：现在的人用硫黄熏银，过两晚再冲洗，颜色就变黑了。工匠用它做器物。养生者用这种器物煮药，并且在庭院中高高一、二丈的地方，夜里承接露水饮用，可以延年益寿，辟除邪恶。
[Correction] Merged with Raw Silver (Sheng Yin) from *Kaibao Bencao*.
[Names] White Metal (Bai Jin, *Bencao Gangmu*), Wu (Wu, gilding or white copper).
Li Shizhen states: *Erya* records that silver is called "Yin," and the finest quality is called "Guan" (Guàn, a type of silver ornament). *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Wu is white metal." The Sanskrit term is Aluba.
[Collection and Explanation] *Mingyi Bielu* states: Silver flakes are produced in Yongchang, collected at any time.
Tao Hongjing states: The sources of silver are the same as gold, but it is found in the earth. The methods of refining and ingesting are also similar to gold. Yongchang belonged to Yizhou, and now belongs to Ningzhou.
Su Gong states: Silver and gold have different origins; silver is found everywhere, but the best comes from Guozhou (modern Lingbao, Henan). Others often contain lead impurities and are inferior. Silver foil from Goryeo claims not to be mined from silver ore, but its color is bluish and inferior to that of Guozhou.
Kou Zongshi states: Raw silver is found in silver mines in Leping and other areas of Raozhou. It resembles hard tin; those with rough, interlaced, and natural textures are genuine.
Su Song states: Silver in the ore is mixed with copper. Locals mine it and refine it repeatedly with lead to produce refined silver (Shu Yin). Raw silver (Sheng Yin) is taken directly from raw silver ore, resembling hard tin. In gold mines, silver seeps through soil and rock into strips like silk hairs, locally called "Old Man's Beard" (Lao Weng Xu), which is extremely rare. Medical texts specify that only this kind counts as genuine raw silver.
Tang Shenwei states: According to *Nanyue Zhi*, Persia has naturally occurring medicinal silver used for test rings. Silver accumulates under pots used for grinding cinnabar over many years, called "Cup-Lead Silver" (Bei Qian Yin), which is lustrous and soft, similar in efficacy to Persian silver, though rare. Modern smelters obtain only one or two zhu of silver per jin of raw lead. *Shan Hai Jing* states: Tangshao Mountain in Leping Commandery in the northeast produces much silver. Silver from Qian is hard and unsuitable for medicine.
Chen Cheng states: Silver comes from ore and must be refined before use, hence called refined silver. Raw silver refers to silver that forms naturally rather than being mined, also called "Old Man's Beard." Their uses differ. Alchemists synthesize silver from cinnabar, lead-mercury mixtures, or scorched copper. Since these lack the qi of creation, they cannot be used in medicine and must be distinguished.
Li Shizhen states: Silver is produced in mountains in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jinghu, Raozhou, Xinzhou, Guangzhou, Yunnan, and Guizhou. Some is smelted from ore, some from sand and soil. This raw silver is commonly known as "Silver Bamboo Shoot" (Yin Sun) or "Silver Tooth" (Yin Ya), also called "Mountain-Emerging Silver." Dugu Tao’s *Danfang Jingyuan* describes brown stones from lead pits shaped like shoots; when broken, they are white inside, named Natural Tooth, Natural Lead, or Raw Lead. These undergo transformation and are unfit for ingestion, referring to this substance. *Guanzi* states: Where there is lead above, there is silver below. *Dijing Tu* states: Where green onions grow on the mountain, silver lies beneath. The qi of silver appears pure white at night, dispersing on the ground, its essence transforming into a white rooster. *Baozang Lun* states there are seventeen types of silver plus four others. "Natural Tooth" grows in stone crevices within silver mines, looking like tangled silk; red ones are superior, those turning purple-white like root fibers upon heating are secondary, and those holding black stones are most peculiar. Produced in mountains producing lead in Leping and Poyang, also named Dragon Tooth or Dragon Whisker, this is true raw silver, non-toxic, and the fundamental basis for excellent medicine. Raw silver forms in stone ores into irregular blocks resembling hard tin. "Mother Cinnabar Silver" grows in cinnabar caves in Wuxi, with reddish luster. "Black Lead Silver" derives qi from mother and child. These four are true silver. Water Mercury Silver, Grass Cinnabar Silver, Tsengqing Silver, Malachite Silver, Realgar Silver, Orpiment Silver, Sulfur Silver, Chalcanthite Silver, and Spirit Grass Silver are all made by pharmaceutical processes. Danyang Silver, Copper Silver, Iron Silver, and White Tin Silver are chemically altered by reagents; these thirteen are fake silver. Additionally, there are four high-quality types: Silla Silver, Persian Silver, Linyi Silver, and Yunnan Silver.
Silver Flakes (Yin Xi)
[Processing] Tao Hongjing states: Used in medical formulas for calming the heart, but should not be taken directly. To make flakes, grind with mercury until dissolved.
Su Gong states: Physicians use ready-made silver foil, dissolving it in mercury to form a paste, mixing with saltpeter and salt, grinding into powder, heating to remove mercury, washing away salt and stones, resulting in very fine powder for optimal use. Simply grinding into fragments is insufficient.
Li Shizhen states: For medicinal use, thin silver foil is preferred. If prepared with mercury, salt, and saltpeter, it becomes toxic.
*Longmu Lun* calls it Silver Liquid (Yin Ye). Tin foil may be used as a counterfeit and should be distinguished.
[Taste and Property] Acrid, Neutral. Toxic.
Tang Shenwei states: Greatly Cold, Non-toxic. See details under Raw Silver.
[Indications] Calms the five viscera, stabilizes the mind and spirit, stops palpitations and fright, eliminates pathogenic factors. Long-term use lightens the body and prolongs life (*Mingyi Bielu*). Stabilizes will, removes fright and epilepsy, treats infantile convulsions and manic running (Zhen Quan). Breaks cold and dispels wind (Qingxiazi). Silver Foil: Strengthens bones, calms the heart and brightens eyes, eliminates wind-heat and epilepsy. Used in pills and powders (Li Xun).
Raw Silver (Sheng Yin)
[Taste and Property] Acrid, Cold, Non-toxic. Dugu Tao states: Lead-contained silver is toxic.
Baosheng states: Averse to Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian), Licorice Root (Gancao), Bidens Pilosa (Feilian), Stilbite (Shitingzhi), and Arsenic Trioxide (Pishi). Dislikes Sheep Blood and Ma Mu Du Gong (a venomous insect).
Daming states: Cold, slightly toxic. Averse to Magnetite (Cishi), dislikes Tin, avoids raw blood.
Li Shizhen states: Lotus leaf and mushroom ash can powder silver. Antelope Horn, Cuttlefish Bone, Rat Tail, Turtle Shell, Fresh Ginger, Rehmannia Root, and Magnetite can thin silver. Lamb fat and Perilla Seed can soften silver.
[Indications] Heat-induced mania and palpitations, onset of epilepsy with confusion, restless sleep with delirium, pathogenic factors and malevolent influences.
Ingestion brightens the eyes, calms the heart, and stabilizes the spirit. For various heat-toxin erysipelas in infants, grind with water and ingest; efficacy surpasses Zi Xue (*Kaibao Bencao*). For infantile evil invasion with heat-toxin and restlessness, grind with water and ingest (Daming). Boil in water with scallion white and rice to make porridge; treats restless fetus and bleeding (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Wang Haogu states: White silver corresponds to the Lung.
Su Song states: Silver flakes are used in Ge Hong’s *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* in the Five Minerals Decoction for carbuncles.
Chen Cheng states: Materia Medica states silver flakes are toxic while raw silver is non-toxic, an omission by commentators. Raw silver has dispersed outward, lacking stagnant qi, thus non-toxic. Ore silver remains trapped in stone with condensed, unventilated qi, thus toxic.
Li Shizhen states: This view is incorrect. Raw silver freshly smelted retains its natural texture and is non-toxic. When melted with a little copper, it forms golden flower patterns; too much copper ruins it, but removing copper restores it. However, residual copper cannot be fully removed, and forgers add mineral salts, lead, and tin. Ancient methods used mercury to dissolve silver into foil paste for medicine, rendering silver flakes toxic. Silver itself is non-toxic; the toxicity comes from additives. Modern people use silver vessels for food and drink; they turn black upon contact with poison. Silver objects are used to test for poisoning in deceased persons, proving silver is non-toxic. Its medicinal use aligns with soothing the liver and calming timidity. Thus, *Taiqing Fuliang Shu* states: Silver embodies the acrid-yin spirit of the West, condensing essence into substance. Its nature is rigid and harsh; ingestion harms the liver, which is correct. *Baopuzi* claims drinking liquid silver grants immortality, which is alchemical fallacy and unreliable.
Tang Shenwei states: Gold, silver, copper, and iron should only be placed whole in decoctions to impart their qi and enhance efficacy, not ingested, as they consume body fat.
[Attached Formulas] Two old, four new.
Pregnancy lower back pain like breaking: Silver 1 liang, water 3 sheng, decoct to 2 sheng, ingest (*Zimu Milu*).
Fetus moving dangerously with unbearable pain: Silver 5 liang, Ramie Root 2 liang. Clear wine 1 zhan, water 1 large zhan, decoct to 1 zhan, take warm (*Funren Liangfang*).
Fetal heat causing oppression: Raw Silver 5 liang, Scallion White 3 cun, Fried Donkey-hide Gelatin 0.5 liang. Water 1 zhan, decoct and ingest. Can add glutinous rice for porridge (*Shenghui Fang*).
Wind toothache: Wen Silver 1 liang, heat red-hot, quench in 1 zhan of distilled liquor, gargle and drink hot for immediate relief (*Jijian Fang*). Mouth/nose gangrene eroding lips and cheeks: Silver Flakes 1 liang, water 3 sheng, decoct in copper vessel to 1 sheng, wash 3-4 times daily (*Shengji Lu*).
Red spots on body/face: Rub frequently with silver until warm; gradually disappears (*Qianjin Yi Fang*).
[Appendix] Yellow Silver (Huang Yin, *Bencao Shiyi*)
Su Gong states: Yellow Silver is not recorded in Materia Medica. Folklore says it wards off evil as an auspicious object.
Zangqi states: Recorded in *Ruiwu Tujing*, since it can be made into vessels, it is clearly not an auspicious omen.
Li Shizhen states: According to *Fang Shuo Bozhai Bian*, Yellow Silver originates in Shu, looks like gold but turns white when touching stone. *Xiong Taigu Ji Yue Ji* states Yellow Silver is rare; Daoists say ghosts fear it. *Liutie* records Emperor Taizong granting Fang Xuanling a belt, noting folklore that ghosts fear Yellow Silver. *Chunqiu Yundou Shu* states if a ruler bears the virtue of Metal, Yellow Silver appears. People mistaking certain stones for Yellow Silver are wrong. That stone is actually yellow brass formed by alchemy.
Black Silver (Wu Yin)
Zangqi states: People smoke silver with sulfur, wait two nights, then wash it, turning it black. Craftsmen use it for vessels. Health cultivators use these vessels to boil medicine and collect dew at night from heights of one or two zhang in courtyards to drink, promoting longevity and warding off evil.