夫众病积聚，皆起于虚也，虚生百病。积者五脏之所积；聚者六腑之所聚。如斯等疾，
多从旧方，不假增损。虚而劳者，其弊万端，宜应随病增减。古之善为医者，皆自采药，审
其体性所主，取其时节早晚，早则药势未成，晚则盛势已歇。今之为医，不自采药，且不委
节气早晚，又不知冷热消息分两多少，徒有疗病之名，永无必愈之效，此实浮惑。聊更审其
冷热，记增损之主尔。
虚劳头痛复热，加（枸杞、葳蕤。） 虚而欲吐，加（人参。） 虚而不安，亦加（人
参。） 虚而多梦纷纭，加（龙骨。） 虚而多热，加（地黄、牡蛎、地肤子、甘草。） 虚
而冷，加（当归、芎 、干姜。） 虚而损，加（钟乳、棘刺、苁蓉、巴戟天。） 虚而
大热，加（黄芩、天门冬。） 虚而多忘，加（茯神、远志。） 虚而口干，加（麦门冬、
知母。） 虚而吸吸，加（胡麻、覆盆子、柏子仁。） 虚而多气兼微咳，加（五味子、
大枣。）
虚而惊悸不安，加（龙齿、沙参、紫石英、小草。若冷，则用紫石英、小草；若客热，即用
沙参、龙齿；不冷不热，皆用之。） 虚而身强，腰中不利，加（磁石、杜仲。） 虚而
多冷，加（桂心、吴茱萸、附子、乌头。） 虚而劳，小便赤，加（黄芩。） 虚而客热，
加（地骨皮、白水黄 。白水，地名。） 虚而冷，加（陇西黄 。） 虚而痰，复有气，
加（生姜、半夏、枳实。） 虚而小肠利，加（桑螵蛸、龙骨、鸡 。） 虚而小肠不
利，
加（茯苓、泽泻。） 虚而损，溺白，加（浓朴。） 髓竭不足，加（生地黄、当归。）
气不足，加（天麻、川芎。） 脾气不足，加（白术、白芍药、益智。） 肾气不足，加
（熟地黄、远志、牡丹皮。） 胆气不足，加（细辛、酸枣仁、地榆。） 神昏不足，加
（朱砂、预知子、茯神。）
大凡各种疾病积聚，都起源于虚损，虚损产生百病。积证是五脏的病变；聚证是六腑的病变。像这类疾病，大多沿用旧有的方剂，不需要增减变化。如果是虚损兼有劳倦的病证，其弊端千头万绪，应当根据具体病情进行增减。古代善于治病的医生，都亲自采集药材，仔细审察药性的主治功效，选取合适的采摘时节，过早则药力尚未形成，过晚则药势已经衰退。现在的医生，不亲自采药，也不了解节气早晚的差异，更不知道根据寒热情况调整剂量多少，徒有治病的名声，永远没有必定痊愈的效果，这实在是浮躁迷惑之举。姑且再仔细审察寒热情况，记录增减药物的主要原则罢了。
虚劳头痛并伴有发热，加用（枸杞、葳蕤）。虚损而想呕吐，加用人参。虚损而心神不安，也加用人参。虚损而多梦纷纭，加用龙骨。虚损而内热多，加用地黄、牡蛎、地肤子、甘草。虚损而畏冷，加用当归、川芎、干姜。虚损而有亏损，加用钟乳石、棘刺、肉苁蓉、巴戟天。虚损而大热，加用黄芩、天门冬。虚损而健忘多，加用茯神、远志。虚损而口干，加用麦门冬、知母。虚损而呼吸短促，加用胡麻、覆盆子、柏子仁。虚损而气多兼轻微咳嗽，加用五味子、大枣。
虚损而惊悸不安，加用龙齿、沙参、紫石英、小草。（如果偏冷，则只用紫石英、小草；如果有客热，就用沙参、龙齿；如果不冷不热，两者都用。）虚损而身体僵硬，腰部活动不利，加用磁石、杜仲。虚损而寒冷多，加用桂心、吴茱萸、附子、乌头。虚损而劳倦，小便色赤，加用黄芩。虚损而有客热，加用地骨皮、白水黄（白水，地名）。虚损而寒冷，加用陇西黄（指产于陇西的黄连或黄芪，此处依原文保留“陇西黄”）。虚损而有痰，兼有气滞，加用生姜、半夏、枳实。虚损而小肠滑利（尿频遗溺），加用桑螵蛸、龙骨、鸡肫金（原文“鸡 ”应为鸡肫金或鸡内金之略写，依古籍习惯补全意译或保留原字，此处按原文“鸡 ”处理，通常指鸡内金/鸡肫）。虚损而小肠不利（排尿困难），加用茯苓、泽泻。虚损而有亏损，尿色白，加用厚朴。精髓枯竭不足，加用生地黄、当归。气不足，加用天麻、川芎。脾气不足，加用白术、白芍药、益智仁。肾气不足，加用熟地黄、远志、牡丹皮。胆气不足，加用细辛、酸枣仁、地榆。神志昏沉不足，加用朱砂、预知子、茯神。
Generally, the accumulation of various diseases originates from deficiency, and deficiency gives rise to a hundred illnesses. "Ji" (accumulation) refers to disorders of the five Zang organs; "Ju" (gathering) refers to disorders of the six Fu organs. For such diseases, one mostly follows old prescriptions without needing to add or subtract ingredients. However, for conditions involving deficiency and overwork (Xu Lao), where complications are manifold, modifications should be made according to the specific disease presentation. Ancient skilled physicians all harvested medicinal materials themselves, carefully examining their properties and therapeutic indications, and selecting appropriate harvesting times: too early, and the medicinal potency is not yet formed; too late, and the peak potency has faded. Modern physicians, however, do not harvest medicines themselves, nor do they understand the differences in solar terms and timing, nor do they know how to adjust dosages based on cold and heat patterns. They merely bear the name of treating diseases but never achieve certain cures; this is truly superficial and confused. I briefly review the principles of adding or subtracting herbs based on cold and heat patterns.
For Xu Lao (deficiency and overwork) with headache and fever, add Gouqi (Lycii Fructus) and Weirui (Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma). For deficiency with nausea/vomiting tendency, add Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma). For deficiency with restlessness, also add Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma). For deficiency with frequent and chaotic dreams, add Longgu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi). For deficiency with excessive internal heat, add Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Muli (Concha Ostreae), Difuzi (Kochiae Fructus), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma). For deficiency with cold sensations, add Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), and Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma). For deficiency with depletion, add Zhongru (Stalactitum), Jici (Canthii Spina), Congrong (Cistanches Herba), and Bajitian (Morinda Officinalis Radix). For deficiency with intense heat, add Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) and Tianmendong (Asparagi Radix). For deficiency with forgetfulness, add Fushen (Poria cum Radice Pinelliae) and Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix). For deficiency with dry mouth, add Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix) and Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma). For deficiency with shortness of breath (labored respiration), add Huma (Sesami Fructus), Fupenzi (Rubiae Fructus), and Baiziren (Platycladi Semen). For deficiency with excessive Qi and mild cough, add Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) and Dazao (Jujubae Fructus).
For deficiency with palpitations and restlessness, add Longchi (Dent fossilis), Shashen (Glehniae Radix), Zhi Shiyuan (Flumen Fulguriti), and Xiaocao (Herba Siegesbeckiae). (If cold predominates, use only Zhi Shiyuan and Xiaocao; if external heat predominates, use Shashen and Longchi; if neither cold nor heat predominates, use both.) For deficiency with stiff body and impaired lumbar mobility, add Cishi (Magnetitum) and Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex). For deficiency with excessive cold, add Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), and Wutou (Aconiti Radix). For deficiency with overwork and red urine, add Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix). For deficiency with external heat, add Digupi (Bark of Ground Cherry Root) and Baishuihuang (Yellow Herb from Baishui place name). For deficiency with cold, add Longxi Huang (Yellow Herb from Longxi region). For deficiency with phlegm and Qi stagnation, add Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), Banxia (Pinelliae Tuber), and Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus). For deficiency with hyperactive small intestine (frequent urination/incontinence), add Sangpiaoxiao (Mantis Oötheca), Longgu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi), and Ji [Nei/Jin] (Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum - *Note: Original text says "Ji ", interpreted as Gallus gallus domesticus organ*). For deficiency with obstructed small intestine (dysuria), add Fuling (Poria) and Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma). For deficiency with depletion and white urine, add Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex). For exhaustion of marrow and insufficiency, add Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) and Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix). For Qi insufficiency, add Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) and Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma). For Spleen Qi insufficiency, add Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Baishaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), and Yizhi (Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus). For Kidney Qi insufficiency, add Shudihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix), and Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex). For Gallbladder Qi insufficiency, add Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Suanzaoren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen), and Diyü (Sanguisorbae Radix). For Spirit confusion and insufficiency, add Zhusha (Cinnabaris), Yuzhizi (Choerospondiadis Axillaris Fructus), and Fushen (Poria cum Radice Pinelliae).