（《日华》）
【释名】紫菊。
时珍曰∶其叶似兰而大，其花似菊而紫，故名。俗称物之大者，为马也。
【集解】藏器曰∶马兰生泽旁，如泽兰而气臭，《楚词》以恶草喻恶人，北人见其花呼
为紫菊，以其似单瓣菊花而紫也。又有山兰，生山侧，似刘寄奴，叶无桠，不对生，花心微
黄赤。亦大破血，皆可用。
时珍曰∶马兰，湖泽卑湿处甚多。二月生苗，赤茎白根，长叶有刻齿，状似泽兰，但不
香尔。南人多采 晒干，为蔬及馒馅。入夏高二三尺，开紫花，花罢有细子。《楚辞》无马
兰之名，陈氏指为恶草，何据？
根、叶
【气味】辛，平，无毒。
【主治】破宿血，养新血，止鼻衄吐血，合金疮，断血痢，解酒疸及诸菌毒、蛊毒。生
捣，涂蛇咬（大明）。主诸疟及腹中急痛，痔疮（
【发明】时珍曰∶马兰辛平，能入阳明血分，故治血与泽兰同功。近人用治痔漏云有效，
春夏取生，秋冬取干者，不用盐醋，白水煮食，并饮其汁。或以酒煮焙研，糊丸，米饮日日
服之。仍用煎水入盐少许，日日熏洗之。《医学集成》云∶治痔用马兰根，捣敷片时，看肉
平即去之。稍迟，恐肉反出也。
【附方】新六。
诸疟寒热∶赤脚马兰捣汁，入水少许，发日早服，或入少糖亦可。（《圣济总录》）绞肠
沙痛∶马兰根叶，细嚼咽汁，立安。（《寿域神方》）
打伤出血∶竹节草即马兰，同旱莲草、松香、皂子叶（即柜子叶，冬用皮）。为末。搽
入刀口。（《摘玄方》）
喉痹口紧∶用地白根即马兰根，或叶捣汁，入米醋少许，滴鼻孔中，或灌喉中，取痰自
开。（孙一松《试效方》）
水肿尿涩∶马兰菜一虎口，黑豆、小麦各一撮。酒、水各一钟，煎一钟，食前温服以利
小水，四五日愈。（杨起《简便方》）
缠蛇丹毒∶马兰、甘草擂醋搽之。（《济急方》）
【附录】麻伯 《别录》有名未用曰∶味酸、无毒。主益气出汗。一名君莒，一名衍草，
一名道止，一名自死。生平陵，如兰，叶黑浓白裹茎，实赤黑。九月采根。相乌又曰∶味苦。
主阴痿。一名乌葵。如兰香，赤茎，生山阳，五月十五日采，阴干。天雄草又曰∶味甘，温，
无毒。主益气阴痿。生山泽中，状如兰，实如大豆，赤色。
（引自《日华子本草》）
【释名】紫菊。
李时珍说：它的叶子像兰草但更大，花朵像菊花但呈紫色，所以得名。民间俗称物体中较大的为“马”。
【集解】
陈藏器说：马兰生长在沼泽旁边，形状像泽兰但气味臭秽，《楚辞》用恶草来比喻恶人。北方人看到它的花称为紫菊，因为它像单瓣菊花且颜色为紫色。还有山兰，生长在山侧，形状像刘寄奴，叶子没有分叉，不对生，花心微黄带赤色。同样具有强大的破血功效，都可以使用。
李时珍说：马兰在湖泽低洼潮湿的地方非常多。二月生出苗芽，茎为红色，根为白色，叶片长且有锯齿状边缘，形状像泽兰，只是没有香气。南方人多采集后晒干，作为蔬菜或馒头馅料。进入夏季后长高二三尺，开出紫色的花，花谢后有细小的种子。《楚辞》中没有马兰的名字，陈氏将其指认为恶草，有什么依据呢？
【部位】根、叶
【气味】辛味，平性，无毒。
【主治】破除陈旧的血瘀，滋养新的血液，止住鼻出血和吐血，促进金疮愈合，截断血痢，解除酒疸以及各类菌毒、蛊毒。将鲜品捣碎外涂，可治疗蛇咬伤。（引自《大明本草》）。主治各种疟疾及腹部拘急疼痛，痔疮。
【发明】
李时珍说：马兰味辛性平，能进入阳明经的血分，因此治疗血证的功效与泽兰相同。近代人用它治疗痔瘘据说有效。春夏季节取新鲜植株，秋冬季节取干燥植株，烹饪时不用盐和醋，用白水煮熟食用，并饮用煮汁。或者用酒煮后焙干研末，制成糊丸，每日用米汤送服。同时用煎好的药水加入少许盐，每日熏洗患处。《医学集成》记载：治疗痔疮使用马兰根，捣烂敷贴片刻，看到肌肉平整后即去除。如果时间稍长，恐怕肌肉反而增生突出。
【附方】新收录六首。
各种疟疾寒热往来：取赤脚马兰捣取汁液，加入少量水，在发作日前早晨服用，也可以加入少量糖。（出自《圣济总录》）
绞肠痧疼痛：细嚼马兰的根叶咽下汁液，疼痛立即缓解。（出自《寿域神方》）
打伤出血：竹节草即马兰，与旱莲草、松香、皂子叶（即柜子叶，冬季用树皮）一起研成粉末。涂抹于刀口处。（出自《摘玄方》）
喉痹口紧：用地白根即马兰根，或取叶子捣汁，加入少许米醋，滴入鼻孔中，或灌入喉中，促使痰液排出后自然通畅。（出自孙一松《试效方》）
水肿尿涩：取一把马兰菜，黑豆、小麦各一撮。用酒和水各一杯，煎至一杯量，饭前温服以利小便，四五日可愈。（出自杨起《简便方》）
缠蛇丹毒：将马兰、甘草研磨成浆，加醋调和后搽抹患处。（出自《济急方》）
【附录】
麻伯在《名医别录》中记载有名未用的药物说：味道酸，无毒。主补气益汗。又名君莒，又名衍草，又名道止，又名自死。生长在山陵上，形状像兰草，叶子黑浓，白色包裹茎干，果实红黑色。九月采收根部。
相乌又说：味道苦。主治阳痿。又名乌葵。像兰草一样香，茎为红色，生长在山的南面，五月十五日采收，阴干。
天雄草又说：味道甘，性温，无毒。主治补气益阳痿。生长在山泽之中，形状像兰草，果实像大豆，红色。
(Cited from *Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao*)
[Names] Purple Chrysanthemum.
Li Shizhen stated: Its leaves resemble those of *Iris* (Lan) but are larger, and its flowers resemble chrysanthemums but are purple; hence the name. In common parlance, objects that are large are referred to as "Ma" (Horse).
[Collected Explanations]
Chen Cangqi stated: *Kalimeris indica* (Malan) grows beside marshes; it resembles *Eupatorium fortunei* (Zelan) but has an offensive odor. The *Chu Ci* uses noxious weeds to metaphorize evil people. People in the north call its flower "Purple Chrysanthemum" because it resembles single-petaled chrysanthemums and is purple. There is also "Mountain Lan," which grows on the sides of mountains, resembling *Artemisia anomala* (Liujinu); its leaves have no branches and do not grow opposite each other, with a slightly yellowish-red flower center. It also possesses strong blood-breaking properties and can be used interchangeably.
Li Shizhen stated: *Kalimeris indica* is abundant in low-lying, damp areas around lakes and marshes. Seedlings emerge in February, with red stems and white roots. The leaves are long with serrated edges, resembling *Eupatorium fortunei*, except for the lack of fragrance. People in the south often harvest and dry them to use as vegetables or filling for steamed buns. By summer, they grow two to three feet tall, bloom with purple flowers, and produce fine seeds after flowering. The *Chu Ci* does not mention the name *Malan*; why did Chen designate it as a noxious weed?
[Parts Used] Roots and Leaves.
[Properties and Flavor] Acrid, Neutral, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Breaks old blood stasis, nourishes new blood, stops epistaxis and hematemesis, promotes healing of metal wounds, halts bloody dysentery, resolves jaundice caused by alcohol, and detoxifies various fungal poisons and gu poison. Freshly crushed and applied externally treats snake bites (Cited from *Da Ming Ben Cao*). Treats various types of malaria and acute abdominal pain, as well as hemorrhoids.
[Elucidation]
Li Shizhen stated: *Kalimeris indica* is acrid and neutral, entering the Blood aspect of the Yangming channel; thus, its efficacy in treating blood disorders is similar to that of *Eupatorium fortunei*. Recent practitioners use it to treat hemorrhoidal fistulas with reported effectiveness. Fresh plants are harvested in spring and summer, while dried ones are used in autumn and winter. They are boiled in plain water without salt or vinegar for consumption, and the decoction is drunk. Alternatively, they may be boiled in wine, dried, powdered, mixed with paste to form pills, and taken daily with rice water. Meanwhile, the decoction with a little salt is used for daily fumigation and washing of the affected area. *Yixue Jicheng* records: For treating hemorrhoids, crush the root of *Kalimeris indica* and apply it locally for a short period; remove it once the tissue levels out. If left too long, there is a risk of excessive tissue prolapse.
[Attached Prescriptions] Six new prescriptions.
Various Malaria with Alternating Chills and Fever: Crush fresh *Kalimeris indica* (specifically the variety known as Chi Jiao Malan) to extract juice, add a small amount of water, and take early on the day of onset. Adding a little sugar is also acceptable. (*Shengji Zonglu*)
Intestinal Colic (Jiaochang Sha): Chew the roots and leaves of *Kalimeris indica* finely and swallow the juice; relief is immediate. (*Shouyu Shenfang*)
Traumatic Injury with Bleeding: Bamboo-joint Grass, which is *Kalimeris indica*, combined with *Eclipta prostrata* (Hanliancao), Pine Rosin (Songxiang), and Ginkgo Biloba leaves (Zaoziye, i.e., Guanziye; use bark in winter). Grind into powder and apply to the wound. (*Zhai Xuan Fang*)
Sore Throat with Tight Mouth: Use the root of Di Bai, which is *Kalimeris indica*, or crush the leaves to extract juice. Add a little rice vinegar, drip into the nostrils or pour into the throat to induce expectoration and restore patency. (Sun Yisong, *Shixiao Fang*)
Edema with Dysuria: Take a handful of *Kalimeris indica* vegetable, one handful of black beans, and one handful of wheat. Decoct with one cup of wine and one cup of water until reduced to one cup. Take warm before meals to promote urination; recovery occurs within four to five days. (Yang Qi, *Jianbian Fang*)
Herpes Zoster (Chan She Dan Du): Pound *Kalimeris indica* and Licorice Root (Gancao) into a paste with vinegar and apply topically. (*Jiji Fang*)
[Appendix]
Ma Bo, in *Mingyi Bielu*, recorded herbs with names but unused applications: Sour flavor, non-toxic. Benefits Qi and induces sweating. Also known as Junju, Yancao, Daozhi, and Zisi. Grows on hills, resembling Iris leaves, dark green and thick, with white sheathing the stem. Fruits are reddish-black. Harvest roots in September.
Xiang Wu further stated: Bitter flavor. Treats impotence. Also known as Wukui. Fragrant like Iris, red stems, grows on sunny slopes. Harvested on the 15th day of the fifth lunar month, dried in shade.
Tianxiong Cao further stated: Sweet flavor, Warm, non-toxic. Benefits Qi and treats impotence. Grows in mountains and marshes, resembling Iris, fruits like soybeans, red in color.