味苦、甘，平，无毒。主治腰背痛强，骨节风寒湿，周痹，恶疮不瘳，热气，伤中恚怒，
阴痿失溺，关节老血，老人五缓。一名赤节。生真定山谷。二月、八月采根，曝干。（薏苡
为之使，畏葵根、大黄、茈胡、牡蛎、前胡。）
今处处有，亦似菝 而小异，根大，不甚有角节，色小浅。（《大观》卷八，《政和》二
一三页）
味甘，平、温，无毒。主治腰背寒痛，风痹，益血气，止小便利。生山野，二月、八月
采根，曝干。
此有三种，大略根苗并相类。菝 茎紫，短小多细刺，小减萆 而色深，人用作饮。（《
大观》卷八，《政和》二一四页）
味苦、甘，平，无毒。主治劳热邪气，五癃闭不通，利小便水道。止烦，下气，通膀胱
满，补五劳，安五脏，去恶风，益精气。一名石 ，一名石皮。用之去黄毛，毛射人肺，令
人咳，不可治。生华阴山谷石上，不闻水及人声者良。二月采叶，阴干。（滑石、杏仁、射
干为之使，得菖蒲良。）
蔓延石上，生叶如皮，故名石韦。今处处有，以不闻水声、人声者为佳。出建平者，叶
长
味辛、甘，平，无毒。主去恶虫，除脾胃寒热，通利九窍、血脉、关节，令人不忘，
治脾疸，常欲眠，心烦，哕出音声，治耳聋，散痈肿诸结不消，及金疮，恶疮，鼠 ，
折， 鼻，息肉，堕胎，去三虫。一名附支，一名丁翁。生石城山谷及山阳。正月采枝，
阴干。
今出近道。绕树藤生，汁白。茎有细孔，两头皆通。含一头吹之，则气出彼头者良。或
云
【萆薢】
味苦、甘，性平，无毒。主治腰背疼痛僵硬，骨节间的风寒湿邪，周身痹痛，恶疮久不愈合，热气，以及因内伤导致的愤怒情绪，阳痿和遗尿失禁，关节内的陈旧瘀血，老年人筋骨松弛无力。又名赤节。生长于真定的山谷中。二月、八月采集根部，晒干。（薏苡仁作为其引经药，忌与葵根、大黄、柴胡、牡蛎、前胡同用。）
如今各地都有，外形也类似菝葜但略有不同，根部较大，棱角节结不明显，颜色较浅。（《大观本草》卷八，《政和本草》二一三页）
【通草】
味甘，性平、温，无毒。主治腰背寒冷疼痛，风痹，补益气血，止小便频数。生长在山野中，二月、八月采集根部，晒干。
此药有三种，大致根茎苗叶都相似。菝葜的茎呈紫色，短小且多细刺，比萆薢稍小但颜色更深，人们用作茶饮。（《大观本草》卷八，《政和本草》二一四页）
【石韦】
味苦、甘，性平，无毒。主治劳热邪气，五种癃闭不通（排尿困难），通利小便水道。止烦渴，降逆气，通膀胱满闷，补五劳虚损，安五脏，去除恶风，益精气。又名石蜺，又名石皮。使用时需去掉黄色的绒毛，绒毛射入肺部，会导致咳嗽，且难以治愈。生长在华阴山谷的石头上，以听不到水声和人声的地方出产的为良。二月采集叶片，阴干。（滑石、杏仁、射干作为其引经药，得菖蒲配合效果良好。）
蔓延生长在石头上，叶子像皮革一样，所以名叫石韦。如今各地都有，以听不到水声、人声者为佳。建平出产的，叶片较长
【鸡矢藤】
味辛、甘，性平，无毒。主要去除恶虫，消除脾胃寒热，通利九窍、血脉、关节，使人不忘事，治疗脾疸（黄疸的一种），常想睡觉，心烦，呃逆出声，治疗耳聋，消散痈肿及各种结节不消，以及金疮，恶疮，鼠瘘（淋巴结核），骨折，鼻渊（鼻窦炎），息肉，堕胎，去除三虫。又名附支，又名丁翁。生长于石城山谷及山阳。正月采集枝条，阴干。
如今出自近道。缠绕树木藤蔓生长，汁液白色。茎上有细孔，两头都相通。含住一头吹气，若气从另一头出来的为良。有人说
[Bi Xie (Dioscorea Hypoglauca Rhizome)]
Taste: bitter, sweet; Nature: neutral; Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: lower back and back pain with stiffness, wind-cold-dampness in bone joints, generalized bi-syndrome (painful obstruction), malignant sores that do not heal, excess heat, internal injury leading to anger, impotence, and urinary incontinence, old blood stasis in joints, and the five slackening conditions of the elderly. Also known as Chi Jie (Red Joint). Grows in the valleys of Zhending. Roots are harvested in February and August and sun-dried. (Yiyi Ren (Coix Seed) serves as its guiding herb; contraindicated with Kuigen (Sunflower Root), Dahuang (Rhubarb Root), Zihu (Bupleurum Root), Muli (Oyster Shell), and Qianhu (Peucedani Radix).)
Now available everywhere, it resembles Baxianqian (Smilax Glabra Rhizome) but differs slightly; the root is larger, with less distinct angular nodes, and a lighter color. (Da Guan Ben Cao Vol. 8, Zheng He Ben Cao p. 213)
[Tong Cao (Tetrapanacis Medulla)]
Taste: sweet; Nature: neutral, warm; Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: cold pain in the lower back, wind-bi syndrome, benefits blood and qi, stops frequent urination. Grows in mountains and wilds. Roots are harvested in February and August and sun-dried.
There are three types, generally similar in roots, stems, and leaves. Baxianqian has purple stems, short and small with many fine thorns, slightly smaller than Bi Xie but darker in color; people use it for tea. (Da Guan Ben Cao Vol. 8, Zheng He Ben Cao p. 214)
[Shi Wei (Pyrrosiae Folium)]
Taste: bitter, sweet; Nature: neutral; Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: labor-heat and pathogenic qi, five types of strangury with blockage, promotes urination via the water passages. Stops thirst and irritability, directs rebellious qi downward, unblocks fullness in the bladder, tonifies the five labors (chronic deficiencies), calms the five zang organs, expels evil wind, and benefits essence and qi. Also known as Shi Ni, also known as Shi Pi. When used, remove the yellow hairs; if hairs penetrate the lungs, they cause coughing which is difficult to treat. Grows on rocks in the valleys of Huayin; those from places where no water sounds or human voices are heard are superior. Leaves are harvested in February and shade-dried. (Huashi (Talcum), Xingren (Apricot Seed), and Shegan (Belamcanda Rhizome) serve as its guiding herbs; works well with Changpu (Acorus Rhizome).)
It creeps over rocks, growing leaves like leather, hence the name Shi Wei. Now available everywhere, those from places without water or human noise are best. Those from Jianping have longer leaves.
[Ji Shi Teng (Caulis Paederiae)]
Taste: pungent, sweet; Nature: neutral; Toxicity: non-toxic. Main actions: expels harmful insects, eliminates cold and heat in the spleen and stomach, unblocks the nine orifices, blood vessels, and joints, prevents forgetfulness, treats pi-jaundice (a type of jaundice), constant drowsiness, heart irritability, hiccups with sound, deafness, dissipates abscesses and various unresolved nodules, treats metal wounds, malignant sores, shu-lou (scrofula/lymphatic tuberculosis), fractures, bi-yan (nasal sinusitis), polyps, induces abortion, and removes the three parasites. Also known as Fu Zhi, also known as Ding Weng. Grows in the valleys of Shicheng and Shanyang. Branches are harvested in January and shade-dried.
Now produced in nearby regions. It grows as a vine wrapping around trees, with white juice. The stem has fine holes open at both ends. If one end is held in the mouth and blown into, and air exits the other end, it is considered superior. Some say