止渴。
今人不甚服，当缘难得也。（《新修》一九○页，《大观》卷十六，《政和》三七三页）
微寒。主补虚羸，止渴，下气。
牛为佳，不用新被饮竟者。（《新修》一九○页，《大观》卷十六，《政和》三七三页）
温。补寒冷虚乏。
牛乳、羊乳实为补润，故北人皆多肥健。（《新修》一九○页，《大观》卷十六，《政和
》三七二页）
微寒。主补五脏，利大肠，主治口疮。
酥出外国，亦从益州来，本是牛羊乳所为，作之自有法。佛经称乳成酪，酪成酥。酥成
醍醐。醍醐色黄白作饼甚甘肥，亦时至江南。（《新修》一九一页，《大观》卷十六，《政和》）
三七
味甘，微寒、微温、无毒。主治风痹不仁，筋急，五脏腹中积聚，寒热，羸瘦。头疡白
秃，面 食饮呕吐。久服强志，不饥，轻身，长年。生雍州山谷。十一月取。
此脂即是熊白，是背上膏，寒月则有，夏月则无。其腹中肪及身中膏，煎取可作药，而
不
新修》一九一页，《大观》卷十六，《政和》三七○页）
味甘，平，微温，无毒。主治心腹邪气，诸惊痫 ，安五脏，诸不足，益气。补中，止
痛，解毒，除众病，和百药。养脾气，除心烦，食饮不下，止肠 ，肌中疼痛，口疮，明耳
目。久服强志，轻身，不饥，不老，延年神仙。一名石饴。生武都山谷、河源山谷及诸山石
中，色白如膏者良。
石蜜即崖蜜也。高山岩石间作之，色青、赤，味小 ，食之心烦。其蜂黑色似虻。又木
蜜，呼为食蜜，悬树枝作之，色青白，树空及人家养作之者，亦白而浓浓，味美。凡蜂作蜜，
皆须人小便以酿诸花，乃得和熟，状似作饴须 也。又有土蜜，于土中作之，色青白，味 。
今出晋安檀崖者，多土蜜，云最胜。出东阳临海诸处多木蜜；出于潜、怀安诸县多崖蜜，亦
有杂木蜜及人家养者，例皆被添，殆无淳者，必须亲自看取之，乃无杂尔，且又多被煎煮。
其江南向西诸蜜，皆是木蜜，添杂最多，不可为药用。道家丸饵，莫不须之。仙方亦单炼服
之。致长生不老也。（《大观》卷二十，《政和》四一○页）
止渴。
现在的人不太服用，大概是因为难以得到的缘故。（《新修本草》第190页，《大观本草》卷十六，《政和证类本草》第373页）
性微寒。主要功效是补益虚损消瘦，止渴，降气。
以牛乳为佳，不使用刚被小牛饮过的新奶。（《新修本草》第190页，《大观本草》卷十六，《政和证类本草》第373页）
性温。补益寒冷导致的虚弱乏力。
牛乳、羊乳确实是滋补润燥的，所以北方人都长得肥胖健壮。（《新修本草》第190页，《大观本草》卷十六，《政和证类本草》第372页）
性微寒。主要功效是补益五脏，通利大肠，主治口疮。
酥（乳制品精华）出自外国，也从益州传来，原本是由牛羊乳制成的，制作自有其方法。佛经称乳制成酪（发酵乳），酪制成酥，酥制成醍醐（精炼奶油）。醍醐色黄白，做成饼状非常甘甜肥美，有时也传到江南地区。（《新修本草》第191页，《大观本草》卷十六，《政和证类本草》第373页）
味甘，性微寒、微温，无毒。主治风痹（风湿痹痛导致的感觉麻木不仁）、筋脉拘急、五脏及腹中积聚、寒热往来、身体消瘦。头部的疮疡、白秃（头皮生癣脱发）、面部疾病、饮食呕吐。长期服用可增强意志，不感饥饿，身体轻健，延年益寿。产于雍州的山区峡谷。十一月采集。
这种脂膏就是熊白，即熊背上的脂肪，寒冬时有，夏季则无。熊腹中的脂肪及身上的膏脂，煎取后可入药，但……（此处原文有缺漏，据上下文推测为评价其药效或用法不及熊白）（《新修本草》第191页，《大观本草》卷十六，《政和证类本草》第370页）
味甘，性平，微温，无毒。主治心腹邪气，各种惊痫（惊厥癫痫），安五脏，治疗各种不足，益气。补中焦，止痛，解毒，消除多种疾病，调和诸药。养脾气，除心烦，治疗饮食不下，止肠鸣腹痛，肌中疼痛，口疮，明目聪耳。长期服用可增强意志，身体轻健，不感饥饿，不老，延年益寿如神仙。又名石饴。产于武都的山谷、河源的山谷及各山石中，颜色白如膏脂者为佳。
石蜜即崖蜜。在高山的岩石间由蜜蜂酿造，颜色青、赤，味道稍涩，食用后令人心烦。其蜂黑色似虻。又有木蜜，称为食蜜，悬挂在树枝上酿造，颜色青白；树洞及人家饲养的蜜蜂所酿的蜜，也是白色且浓稠，味道甜美。大凡蜜蜂酿蜜，都需要人的小便来促使百花发酵，才能成熟，状态类似制作饴糖需要搅拌。又有土蜜，在土中酿造，颜色青白，味道……（此处原文有缺漏，通常指味淡或特殊）。现在晋安檀崖出产的多为土蜜，据说最好。东阳临海等处多出产木蜜；出于潜县、怀安县等地的多出产崖蜜，也有混杂木蜜及人家饲养的，大多都被掺杂，几乎没有纯正的，必须亲自查看选取，才没有杂质，而且又多被煎煮浓缩。江南向西的各地产蜜，都是木蜜，掺杂最多，不可作为药用。道家炼丹服饵，无不需用此蜜。仙方中也单独炼制服用它，以达到长生不老的目的。（《大观本草》卷二十，《政和证类本草》第410页）
Relieves thirst.
People nowadays do not consume it much, likely because it is difficult to obtain. (Xinxiu Bencao, p. 190; Daguan Bencao, Vol. 16; Zhenghe Zhenglei Bencao, p. 373)
Nature: Slightly cold. Main actions: Tonifies deficiency and emaciation, relieves thirst, directs Qi downward.
Cow's milk is the best; do not use fresh milk that has just been drunk by a calf. (Xinxiu Bencao, p. 190; Daguan Bencao, Vol. 16; Zhenghe Zhenglei Bencao, p. 373)
Nature: Warm. Tonifies deficiency and fatigue caused by cold.
Cow's milk and sheep's milk are truly nourishing and moistening; therefore, people in the North tend to be fat and robust. (Xinxiu Bencao, p. 190; Daguan Bencao, Vol. 16; Zhenghe Zhenglei Bencao, p. 372)
Nature: Slightly cold. Main actions: Tonifies the Five Viscera (Wu Zang), benefits the Large Intestine, treats mouth ulcers.
Su (Clarified Butter/Ghee) comes from foreign lands or Yizhou. It is originally made from cow or sheep milk, with its own specific preparation method. Buddhist scriptures state that milk becomes luo (fermented milk/yogurt), luo becomes su (clarified butter), and su becomes tihu (pure ghee/cream). Tihu is yellowish-white, formed into cakes, very sweet and rich, and occasionally reaches the Jiangnan region. (Xinxiu Bencao, p. 191; Daguan Bencao, Vol. 16; Zhenghe Zhenglei Bencao, p. 373)
Flavor: Sweet. Nature: Slightly cold, slightly warm. Non-toxic. Main actions: Treats Fengbi (Wind-Damp Bi syndrome characterized by numbness and pain), tendon stiffness, accumulations in the Five Viscera and abdomen, alternating chills and fever, and emaciation. Treats head sores, white alopecia (tinea capitis), facial diseases, and vomiting after eating or drinking. Long-term consumption strengthens the will, prevents hunger, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Grows in the valleys of Yongzhou. Harvested in the eleventh month.
This fat is known as Xiong Bai (Bear Back Fat), which is the fat on the bear's back. It exists in winter but disappears in summer. The fat in the bear's abdomen and the grease throughout its body can be rendered for medicinal use, but... [Text fragment missing] (Xinxiu Bencao, p. 191; Daguan Bencao, Vol. 16; Zhenghe Zhenglei Bencao, p. 370)
Flavor: Sweet. Nature: Neutral, slightly warm. Non-toxic. Main actions: Treats pathogenic factors in the heart and abdomen, various convulsions and epilepsy, calms the Five Viscera, addresses various deficiencies, tonifies Qi. Tonifies the Middle Jiao, stops pain, detoxifies, eliminates various diseases, and harmonizes other herbs. Nourishes Spleen Qi, relieves mental restlessness, treats inability to eat or drink, stops intestinal rumbling and pain, muscle pain, mouth ulcers, and brightens the eyes and ears. Long-term consumption strengthens the will, lightens the body, prevents hunger, prevents aging, and prolongs life like an immortal. Also known as Shi Yi (Stone Maltose). Grows in the valleys of Wudu, Heyuan, and among rocks in various mountains; those white like paste are superior.
Shi Mi (Rock Honey) is also called Ya Mi (Cliff Honey). It is produced in high mountain rock crevices, appearing green or red, with a slightly astringent taste that causes mental restlessness when consumed. The bees are black and resemble horseflies. There is also Mu Mi (Tree Honey), called Shi Mi (Edible Honey), produced hanging from tree branches, appearing greenish-white. Honey produced in tree hollows or by domesticated bees is also white, thick, and delicious. Generally, bees require human urine to ferment flowers to produce mature honey, similar to the stirring process in making maltose. There is also Tu Mi (Earth Honey), produced in the soil, appearing greenish-white, with a [text missing] taste. Currently, the honey from Tan Ya in Jin'an is mostly Tu Mi, considered the best. Linhai in Dongyang produces much Mu Mi; Qian County and Huaian County produce much Ya Mi, often mixed with Mu Mi or domesticated bee honey. Most are adulterated, lacking purity; one must personally inspect and select them to avoid impurities. Moreover, they are often boiled and concentrated. The honey from regions west of Jiangnan is all Mu Mi, heavily adulterated, and unsuitable for medicinal use. Daoist pill preparations invariably require this honey. Immortal formulas also prescribe taking refined honey alone to achieve longevity and immortality. (Daguan Bencao, Vol. 20; Zhenghe Zhenglei Bencao, p. 410)