\r淄州柴胡\pj52.bmp\r
\r江宁府柴胡\pj53.bmp\r
味苦，气平、微寒。气味俱轻，升也，阳也，阴中之阳。无毒。州土各处俱生，银夏
（州名，属陕西。）出者独胜。根须长如鼠尾，一二尺余；香气直上云端，有鹤翔集。八月
收
采
，折净芦头。疗病上升，用根酒渍；中行下降，用梢宜生。畏女菀藜芦，使半夏一味。乃手
足少阳、厥阴四经行经药也。泻肝火，去心下痰结热烦，用黄连（猪胆汁炒。）为佐；治疮
疡
，散诸经血凝气聚，与连翘同功。止偏头疼，胸胁刺疼及胆瘅疼痛；解肌表热，早晨潮热并
寒热往来。伤寒门实为要剂，温疟证诚作主方。且退湿痹拘挛，可作浓汤浴洗。在脏主血，
在经主气。亦妇人胎前产后，血热必用之药也。经脉不调，加四物秦艽牡丹皮治之最效；产
后
积血，佐巴豆三棱莪术攻之即安。又引清气顺阳道而上行，更引胃气司春令以首达。亦堪
久服，明目轻身。叶名芸蒿，辛香可食。
（谟）按∶《衍义》云∶《本经》并无一字治劳，今人治劳方中，鲜有不用，误世甚多。
尝原
劳
怯，虽有一种，真脏虚损，复受邪热，热因虚致，故曰劳者牢也。亦须斟酌微加，热去即当
急已也。设若无热，得此愈增。《经验方》治劳热青蒿煎丸，少佐柴胡正合宜尔，故服之无
不效者。《日华子》竟信为实，就注《本经》条下，谓补五劳七伤，除烦而益气力。《药性
论》又谓∶治劳乏羸瘦，是皆不智，妄自作俑者也。若此等病，苟无实热，医者执而用之，
不死何待！本草注释，岂可半字卤莽耶？万世之后，所误无穷，谁之咎也。明
达之医，固知去取；中下之士，宁不蹈其辙哉！非比仲景治伤寒，寒热往来如疟之证，制大
小柴胡及柴胡加龙骨、柴胡加芒硝等汤，此诚切要之药，万世之所宗仰，而无罅议者也。
味苦，气平、微寒。气味都轻清，主升发，属阳，是阴中之阳。无毒。各地都有生长，但银夏（州名，属于陕西）出产的特别优良。根须长得像老鼠尾巴，有一二尺多长；香气直冲云端，有鹤鸟飞翔聚集。八月采收，折断并洗净芦头。治疗疾病时若需药力上升，用根部酒浸；若需药力在中行且下降，用梢部宜生用。畏忌女菀和藜芦，以半夏为使药。这是手足少阳经、厥阴经这四条经脉的行经药。能泻肝火，去除心下的痰结、热烦，配伍黄连（用猪胆汁炒制）作为佐药；治疗疮疡，消散各经的血凝气聚，功效与连翘相同。能止偏头痛、胸胁刺痛以及胆瘅疼痛；解肌表之热，治疗早晨潮热以及寒热往来。在伤寒门类中实为重要药剂，温疟证诚然将其作为主方。而且能退除湿痹引起的拘挛，可以煎成浓汤洗浴。在脏主要作用于血，在经主要作用于气。也是妇女胎前产后，血热时必须使用的药物。经脉不调，加入四物汤、秦艽、牡丹皮治疗效果最显著；产后积血，配合巴豆、三棱、莪术攻逐即可安宁。又能引导清气顺着阳道向上运行，更引导胃气顺应春令之气首先到达。也可以久服，明目轻身。叶子名叫芸蒿，辛香可食用。
（陈嘉谟）按语：《衍义》说：《本经》中没有一字提到治疗劳损，现在人治疗劳损的方剂中，很少有不用柴胡的，误导世人很多。我曾经推究劳怯病，虽然有一种情况是真脏虚损，又感受邪热，热是因为虚而导致的，所以说“劳”就是“牢”。也必须斟酌微量添加，热去之后就应该立即停止使用。如果没有热症，用了此药反而会增加病情。《经验方》治疗劳热的青蒿煎丸，少量佐以柴胡正合适，所以服用没有不有效的。《日华子》竟然相信这是事实，就在《本经》条目下注释，说补五劳七伤，除烦益气力。《药性论》又说：治疗劳乏羸瘦，这都是不智之举，妄自开创错误先例的人。像这类疾病，如果确实没有实热，医生固执地使用它，不死还等什么！本草注释，怎么可以半字马虎呢？万世之后，所误害无穷无尽，是谁的过错呢？明达的医生，自然知道取舍；中等以下的医者，难道不会重蹈覆辙吗！不像张仲景治疗伤寒，寒热往来如疟疾的症状，制定大小柴胡汤及柴胡加龙骨汤、柴胡加芒硝汤等方剂，这确实是切要的药剂，万世所宗仰，而没有瑕疵可议的。
Zizhou Chaihu [pj52.bmp]
Jiangningfu Chaihu [pj53.bmp]
Bitter in taste, neutral and slightly cold in nature. The aroma and flavor are both light; it ascends, belongs to Yang, and is the Yang within Yin. Non-toxic. It grows in various regions, but the variety from Yinxia (a prefecture name, belonging to Shaanxi) is superior. The rootlets are long like a rat's tail, over one or two chi in length; its fragrance rises straight to the clouds, attracting cranes to gather. Harvested in the eighth month, the rhizome head is snapped off and cleaned. For treating ailments requiring ascending action, use the root soaked in wine; for actions moving centrally and descending, use the tips raw. It is inhibited by *Pulsatilla chinensis* (Nüwan) and *Veratrum nigrum* (Lilu), and uses *Pinellia ternata* (Banxia) as an guiding herb. It is a drug that travels through the four meridians of the Hand-Shaoyang, Foot-Shaoyang, Hand-Jueyin, and Foot-Jueyin. It drains Liver Fire, removes phlegm-heat accumulation and irritability in the epigastrium, assisted by *Coptis chinensis* (Huanglian) stir-fried with pig bile; treats sores and ulcers, dissipates blood stasis and Qi stagnation in various meridians, functioning similarly to *Forsythia suspensa* (Lianqiao). It stops hemi-crania, stabbing pain in the chest and hypochondrium, and Dan-dan pain; releases muscle-layer heat, treats morning tidal fever, and alternating chills and fever. In the category of Shanghan (Cold Damage), it is truly an essential agent; in Wenmai (Warm Malaria), it serves as the principal formula. Furthermore, it alleviates spasms and contractures caused by damp-bi, which can be treated by bathing in a strong decoction. Within the Zang organs, it primarily governs Blood; within the Jing meridians, it primarily governs Qi. It is also an indispensable medicine for women during pregnancy and postpartum periods involving blood-heat. For irregular menstruation, adding Siwu Tang, *Gentiana macrophylla* (Qinjiao), and *Paeonia suffruticosa* var. *anceps* (Mudanpi) yields the most effective results; for retained blood after childbirth, assisting with *Ricinus communis* seed (Badou), *Sparganium stoloniferum* (Sanleng), and *Curcuma wenyujin* (Ezhu) for purgation brings immediate relief. It also guides clear Qi upward along the Yang pathways, and further guides Stomach Qi to arrive first in accordance with the Spring command. It may also be taken for a long time to brighten the eyes and lighten the body. The leaves are called Yunhao, pungent and aromatic, and edible.
(Chen Jiamo) Commentary: *Yanyi* states: "The *Shennong Bencao Jing* contains not a single word regarding the treatment of Lao (consumptive disease). Yet today, few formulas for treating Lao do not include this herb, misleading many people." I have traced the origin of Laoqie (consumptive weakness). Although there is a type characterized by true Zang deficiency compounded by pathogenic heat—where heat arises due to deficiency, hence "Lao" implies "firmness"—one must exercise caution and add it only in minute doses. Once the heat is eliminated, administration should cease immediately. If there is no heat, using this herb will exacerbate the condition. The *Jingyan Fang* (Experience Formulas) for treating Lao-heat features Qinghao Jian Wan, with a small addition of Chaihu being perfectly appropriate, thus ensuring efficacy. *Rihua Zi* mistakenly accepted this as fact, annotating under the *Bencao Jing* entry that it tonifies the five Laos and seven injuries, eliminates irritability, and boosts Qi and strength. *Yaoxing Lun* further claims it treats fatigue, emaciation, and thinness. These are all unwise acts, creating erroneous precedents. For such conditions, if there is no excess heat, and physicians persist in using it, death is inevitable! How can annotations in Materia Medica be half-hearted or careless? After ten thousand generations, the harm inflicted will be endless. Whose fault is it? Enlightened physicians certainly know what to select and discard; inferior practitioners will surely tread the same path. This is unlike Zhang Zhongjing’s treatment of Shanghan, where symptoms present as alternating chills and fever resembling malaria. He formulated Da Chaihu Tang, Xiao Chaihu Tang, Chaihu Jia Longgu Tang, and Chaihu Jia Mangxiao Tang. These are indeed crucial medicines, revered for all generations without flaw or criticism.