\r滁州升麻\pj54.bmp\r
\r汉州升麻\pj55.bmp\r
味苦、甘，气平、微寒。气味俱薄，浮而升，阳也。无毒。虽多陕地，惟尚益州。（
属四川，今改成都府。）入药宜根，逢秋才采。曝干形轻实者第一，削出青绿色者亦佳。择
鸡骨相同，去黑皮腐烂。乃足阳明太阴行经之药，凡补脾胃必此引之。若得白芷葱白同煎，
又走手经阳明太阴。非此四经，不可用也。解百毒，杀百精殃鬼；释诸瘴，辟诸疫瘟邪。
去伤风于皮肤，散发热于肌肉。倘太阳证具误服，是先引贼寇破家。（东坦云∶初病太阳证
，便服升麻葛根汤，是遗太阳不惟遗经，反引太阳邪气入于阳明不能解也，故曰引贼破家云
。）务认分明，切勿卤莽。止头痛喉痛齿痛，并中恶腹痛；理口疮疥疮斑疮，及豌豆烂疮。
治
风肿风痫，疗肺痈肺痿。故圣药为疮家之号，的药来风家之称。升提元阳，不下陷阴分；挟
引诸药，同行达四经。东垣云∶引葱白，散手阳明风邪；引石膏，止阳明齿痛是也。
梢子收取，堪治脾瘅。久服不夭，轻身益寿。
（谟）按∶仲景《伤寒论》云∶瘀血入里，若衄血、吐血者，犀角地黄汤主之。夫犀角，
乃阳
明圣药也。又曰∶如无犀角，代以升麻。其犀角、升麻气味大相远隔，何以代云？不过知升
麻亦阳明经药，用之以引地黄及诸药同入阳明经尔。舍此他用，岂复能乎？
味苦、甘，气平、微寒。气味都较淡薄，性质轻浮而上升，属于阳。无毒。虽然陕西多地也有出产，但唯独推崇益州（属四川，今改为成都府）的入药最佳。入药宜用根部，要在秋季才采收。晒干后形体轻盈、质地坚实的为第一等，削去外皮呈青绿色的也很好。选择与鸡骨相似的，去掉黑色的皮和腐烂的部分。这是足阳明胃经和足太阴脾经的行经药物，凡是补益脾胃必须用它来引导。如果得到白芷、葱白同煎，又能走入手经的手阳明大肠经和手太阴肺经。如果不是这四条经络的病证，不可使用。能解除各种毒素，杀灭各种精怪邪祟；消除各种瘴气，辟除各种瘟疫邪气。去除皮肤上的伤风之邪，发散肌肉中的热邪。倘若太阳病（太阳经受邪所致的病证）症状具备时误服，是先引贼寇破家。（王东垣说：初起就是太阳病证，就服用升麻葛根汤，是遗留了太阳经病不愈，反而将太阳经的邪气引入阳明经而不能解，所以说是“引贼破家”。）务必辨认清楚，切勿鲁莽草率。只治疗头痛、喉痛、齿痛，以及中恶腹痛；调理口疮、疥疮、斑疮，以及豌豆烂疮。治疗风肿、风痫，疗治肺痈、肺痿。所以它是圣药，也是疮家的称号，风家的良药。提升元阳，不使其下陷于阴分；挟带引导诸药，共同到达这四条经络。李东垣说：引导葱白，可散手阳明经的风邪；引导石膏，可止阳明经的齿痛。梢子收取，可以治疗脾瘅（脾热引起的口甜、多涎等症）。长期服用不会夭折，轻身益寿。
（陈嘉谟）按语：张仲景《伤寒论》中说：瘀血入里，如果出现衄血、吐血的症状，由犀角地黄汤主治。犀角，是阳明经的圣药。又说：如果没有犀角，可以用升麻代替。犀角和升麻的气味大相径庭，为什么可以代替呢？不过是知道升麻也是阳明经的药物，用它来引导地黄及诸药一同进入阳明经罢了。舍弃这个用途用于其他地方，难道还能行吗？
Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) from Chuzhou
Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) from Hanzhou
Bitter, sweet; neutral, slightly cold. Its flavor and qi are both thin, floating and ascending, belonging to Yang. Non-toxic. Although produced in many places in Shaanxi, only that from Yizhou (belonging to Sichuan, now Chengdu Prefecture) is preferred for medicinal use. The root should be used for decoction, harvested only in autumn. Those dried in the sun, light in form and solid in texture, are of the first grade; those peeled to reveal a greenish color are also good. Select those resembling chicken bones, removing the black skin and rotten parts. It is a herb that travels through the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian and Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian. Whenever tonifying the Spleen and Stomach, it must be used as a guide. If decocted with Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) and Cong Bai (Sclerium Allii Cepae), it can also enter the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian and Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. It should not be used unless the disease involves these four meridians. It resolves hundred toxins, kills hundred spirits and evil ghosts; dispels various miasmas, wards off various epidemic pathogens. It expels wind-cold from the skin, disperses heat from the muscles. If taken mistakenly when Taiyang Syndrome (a syndrome caused by pathogenic invasion of the Taiyang meridian) symptoms are present, it is like inviting thieves to break up the home. (Li Dongyuan said: If one takes Shengma Gegen Tang at the onset of Taiyang Syndrome, it leaves the Taiyang meridian unresolved and instead draws the Taiyang pathogenic qi into the Yangming meridian, making it impossible to resolve. Hence, it is called "inviting thieves to break up the home.") One must recognize clearly, never act rashly. It treats headache, sore throat, toothache, and abdominal pain due to sudden evil; regulates mouth ulcers, scabies, macules, and pock-like sores. It treats wind swelling, wind epilepsy, lung abscess, and lung萎 (flaccidity). Thus, it is known as the Holy Medicine for wound cases, and the True Medicine for wind cases. It raises Yuan Yang, preventing it from sinking into the Yin aspect; it guides other herbs, traveling together to reach the four meridians. Li Dongyuan said: Guiding Cong Bai, it disperses wind-pathogen of the Hand-Yangming meridian; guiding Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum), it stops toothache of the Yangming meridian. The tips collected can treat Pi Dan (spleen-heat causing sweet taste and excessive salivation). Long-term use prevents premature death, lightens the body and benefits longevity.
(Chen Jiamo) Commentary: Zhang Zhongjing's *Treatise on Cold Damage* states: When blood stasis enters the interior, if there is epistaxis or hematemesis, Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction) is the primary formula. Xi Jiao (Horn Rhinocerotis) is the holy medicine of the Yangming meridian. It also says: If Xi Jiao is unavailable, substitute with Shengma. How can Xi Jiao and Shengma, whose flavors and qi are vastly different, be substituted? It is merely because Shengma is also a herb of the Yangming meridian, used to guide Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata) and other herbs to enter the Yangming meridian together. If used for purposes other than this, how could it possibly work?