味甘、苦，气微温。无毒。稠粘如粥，故名饴糖。系糯或粟熬成，入脾能补虚乏。因
色紫类琥珀，方中又谓胶饴。干枯名饧，不入汤药。和脾润肺，止渴消痰。建中汤内用之，
盖亦取其甘缓。治喉 鱼骨，疗误吞钱环。中满莫加，呕吐切忌。小儿多食，损齿生虫。丹
溪书内曾云，大发湿中之热。
味甘、酸，气微温。无毒。所造之法， 仙（江西宁王。）备云。节择清明，熟炊粟饭
。乘热投磁缸内，冷水浸五六朝。味渐酸而生白花，色类浆故名浆水。或酷热当茶饮下，或
薄暮作粥啜之。醒睡除烦，消食止渴。调和脏腑，滑白肌肤。霍乱立建神功，泻痢即臻速效
。水酱（冬成冰者）至冷，孕妇忌尝。
\r冬葵子\pj354.bmp\r
（臣） 葵菜子也。味甘，气寒。性滑利。无毒。主五脏六腑寒热，羸瘦五癃，利小便
；疗妇人乳难内闭，久服坚骨，长肌肉。轻身延年，生少室山。今处处有之。十二月采。（
黄
芩为之使。）陶隐居云∶其子是秋种葵覆养，经冬至春作子者。谓之冬葵子。古方入药用最
多，苗叶作菜茹更甚美。大抵性滑利，能宣导积壅。服丹石人尤宜，煮汁单饮亦佳，仍利小
肠。孕妇临产煮叶食之，则胎滑易生。曝干叶及烧灰，同作末，治金疮。或煮汁饮，主治
时行黄病。生葵菜叶绞汁少服，治小儿发斑，散恶毒瓦斯。根治消渴及口吻疮，烧灰傅之，蓐
疮恶疮俱效。小儿吞钱，煮汁饮之立出。凡患一切痈肿无头，以葵子一粒，新汲水吞之，须
臾即破。如要破处多，逐粒加服之。凡妇人倒生，手足冷口噤，以葵子炒令黄，捣末二钱，
酒调服则顺。妊妇患淋，葵子一升，水三升，煮取二升，分为二服。无葵子，用葵根一把亦
效。凡卒关格，大小便不通，支满欲死，用葵子二升，水四升，煮取一升，顿服。小儿死腹
中，葵子末酒调服。若口噤不开。格开灌之，药下即活。
味甘、苦，气微温。无毒。质地稠粘如粥，所以名叫饴糖。由糯米或粟米熬制而成，入脾经能补益虚损乏力。因为颜色紫红类似琥珀，在方剂中又被称为胶饴。干燥坚硬的称为饧，不用于煎煮汤药。能调和脾胃、滋润肺脏，止渴并消除痰液。在建中汤（Jianzhong Tang, Middle-Jian Decoction）中使用它，大概是取其甘缓之性。治疗咽喉中有鱼骨卡住，疗治误吞钱币戒指等异物。腹部胀满者不可添加，呕吐者切忌使用。小儿多吃会损伤牙齿并生虫。丹溪（Zhu Danxi）的书里曾说，它能大发湿中之热。
味甘、酸，气微温。无毒。其制作方法，宁王朱权（Ning Wang Zhu Quan）在《仙》书中记载得很详细。选择清明时节，将粟米饭煮熟。趁热投入磁缸内，用冷水浸泡五六天。味道逐渐变酸并产生白色泡沫，颜色像浆汁所以叫浆水。或在酷热时当茶饮下，或在傍晚做粥喝。能让人清醒睡眠、去除烦闷，消食止渴。调和脏腑，使肌肤光滑洁白。霍乱（Huoluan, Cholera-like disease）立即建立神效，泻痢（Xieli, Diarrhea and dysentery）即刻达到速效。水酱（冬天结成冰的）极冷，孕妇忌尝。
冬葵子（Dongkuizi, Winter Okra Seed）
是葵菜的种子。味甘，气寒。性质滑利。无毒。主治五脏六腑的寒热病证，身体消瘦及五种淋证（Wu Long, five types of stranguria），通利小便；治疗妇人乳汁不通及内部闭塞，长期服用能坚固骨骼，生长肌肉。轻身延年，生长在少室山。如今到处都有。十二月采集。（黄芩 Huangqin, Scutellariae Radix 为其引经药。）陶隐居（Tao Hongjing）说：它的种子是秋天种植葵菜覆盖养护，经过冬至春结籽的，叫做冬葵子。古方入药用的最多，苗叶作为蔬菜食用更美味。大致性质滑利，能宣通导滞积壅塞。服用丹药的人尤其适宜，煮汁单独饮用也很好，仍能利小肠。孕妇临产时煮叶子吃，则胎儿滑利容易生产。晒干叶子及烧成灰，一同研末，治疗金疮（Jinchuang, metal wounds）。或者煮汁饮用，主治时行黄病（Shixing Huangbing, epidemic jaundice）。新鲜葵菜叶绞汁少量服用，治疗小儿发斑疹，散除恶毒之气。根部根治疗消渴（Xiaoke, diabetes-like syndrome）及口吻疮，烧成灰外敷，产后恶疮都有效。小儿吞食钱币，煮汁饮用立即排出。凡是患一切无头痈肿，用一粒葵子，新汲水吞服，片刻即破溃。如果要破溃多处，逐粒加服。凡是妇人胎位不正（倒生），手足冰冷口噤，将葵子炒至黄色，捣成末二钱，酒调服则顺产。孕妇患淋证，葵子一升，水三升，煮取二升，分两次服用。没有葵子，用一把葵根也有效。凡是突然关格（Guan Ge, obstruction syndrome with inability to urinate or defecate），大小便不通，胸腹胀满欲死，用葵子二升，水四升，煮取一升，一次性服用。小儿死胎在腹中，葵子末酒调服。如果口噤不开，撬开灌之，药下即活。
Sweet and bitter in flavor, slightly warm in nature. Non-toxic. Its consistency is thick and sticky like porridge, hence the name Yitang (Maltose). It is made by boiling glutinous rice or millet. Entering the Spleen channel, it can tonify deficiency and fatigue. Because its color is purple resembling amber, it is also referred to as Jiaoyi (Glutinous Maltose) in prescriptions. When dry and hard, it is called Xing, and is not used for decoctions. It harmonizes the Spleen and moistens the Lungs, relieves thirst, and eliminates phlegm. It is used in Jianzhong Tang (Middle-Jian Decoction), presumably to take advantage of its sweet and緩 (gentle/moderating) property. It treats fish bones stuck in the throat and remedies the accidental swallowing of coins or rings. It should not be added when there is abdominal fullness, and is strictly contraindicated in vomiting. Excessive consumption by children damages teeth and causes worms. In Danxi's writings, it was stated that it can vigorously disperse heat within dampness.
Sweet and sour in flavor, slightly warm in nature. Non-toxic. The method of preparation is detailed in the book "Xian" by Prince Ning (Zhu Quan). Select the Qingming solar term, cook millet rice thoroughly. While hot, pour into a ceramic vat, and soak in cold water for five or six days. The taste gradually becomes sour and white foam appears; because the color resembles liquid mash, it is named Jiangshui (Fermented Rice Water). It can be drunk as tea during intense heat, or consumed as porridge at dusk. It promotes wakefulness and sleep, removes irritability, aids digestion, and relieves thirst. It harmonizes the Zang-Fu organs and makes the skin smooth and fair. For Huoluan (Cholera-like disease), it establishes miraculous effects immediately; for Xieli (Diarrhea and Dysentery), it achieves rapid results. Shuijiang (Water sauce that freezes in winter) is extremely cold, and pregnant women are advised to avoid tasting it.
Dongkuizi (Winter Okra Seed)
It is the seed of the Malva plant. Sweet in flavor, cold in nature. Its nature is slippery and purgative. Non-toxic. It primarily treats cold and heat disorders of the five Zang and six Fu organs, emaciation, and the five types of stranguria (Wu Long); it promotes urination. It treats difficulty in lactation and internal closure in women. Long-term use strengthens bones and builds muscle. It lightens the body and prolongs longevity. It grows on Mount Shaoshi. It is now found everywhere. Harvested in the twelfth lunar month. Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) serves as its guiding herb. Tao Hongjing stated: Its seeds come from Malva plants sown in autumn, covered and nurtured, producing seeds after passing through winter into spring. These are called Dongkuizi (Winter Okra Seeds). They are used most frequently in ancient prescriptions, while the seedlings and leaves are even more delicious as vegetables. Generally, its nature is slippery and purgative, capable of promoting the discharge of accumulated stagnation. It is particularly suitable for those taking mineral pills (Dan Shi). Boiling it into juice and drinking it alone is also good, and it benefits the Small Intestine. Pregnant women eating boiled leaves near delivery facilitate easy birth due to the slippery nature. Dried leaves and ash, ground together, treat metal wounds. Drinking the decoction treats epidemic jaundice. Fresh Malva leaf juice taken in small amounts treats infantial exanthems and disperses malignant toxic vapors. The root treats Xiaoke (Diabetes-like syndrome) and perioral ulcers; applied as ash, it is effective for postpartum and malignant sores. If a child swallows a coin, drinking the decoction expels it immediately. For any unruptured carbuncles or abscesses, swallow one Dongkuizi seed with fresh well water; it will rupture in an instant. If multiple ruptures are needed, add doses sequentially. For women with breech presentation, cold limbs, and trismus, stir-fry Dongkuizi until yellow, grind into powder (2 qian), and take with wine to ensure normal delivery. For pregnant women suffering from stranguria, use one sheng of Dongkuizi with three sheng of water, boil down to two sheng, and divide into two doses. If Dongkuizi is unavailable, a handful of Malva root is also effective. For sudden Guan Ge (Obstruction Syndrome with inability to urinate or defecate), severe abdominal distension, and impending death, use two sheng of Dongkuizi with four sheng of water, boil down to one sheng, and take in one dose. For dead fetus in utero in children, administer Dongkuizi powder mixed with wine. If trismus prevents opening the mouth, pry it open and灌 (pour/administer); upon ingestion, life is restored.