此树七月结子。粒如小豆而扁。生青熟微紫。其核淡绿。形状如肾。核外薄皮上有薄盐。
滇蜀人采为木盐。叶上有虫。结成五倍子。八月采之。
气味酸咸。微寒。阴中阴也。主治生津降火。化痰润肺。滋肾消毒。止痢收汗。治风湿
眼病
痰。入
水之功。所以痰涎盗汗风湿下泪涕唾之证。皆宜用之。（濒湖）未尽之义。详五倍子百药
条下。
早采为茶。晚采为茗。种类极多。方宜大异。要皆以味甘不涩。气芬如兰。摘于夏
为良。其粗恶苦涩品类。服之贻害。
气味苦甘。微寒。入手足厥阴经。清头目。利小便。去痰热。止渴。令人少睡。治中风
昏愦
煎饮。
秽滓。专
烦。百节不
之气。味虽苦
惟饮食后浓茶
治痢。姜助阳。
皆良。（仁斋）按
阴。不惟伤阳。而
阴亦由其化气以
生枣仁通草莲子
火者。热毒下痢
〔论〕 海藏谓茶气寒味苦。入手足厥阴经。夫足厥阴肝。乃由阴中达阳以上升者。手
厥阴
达阳
立孤
黄瘦
气乎
患则不
然暗中损阳
不宜饮于酒后
〔辨治〕 入药有名腊茶者。惟建州北苑数处产之。研治作饼。日晒。得火愈良。
即甜瓜蒂。瓜类不同。一曰果瓜。西瓜甜瓜是也。一曰菜瓜。胡瓜越瓜是也。甜瓜南北
种莳甚多。其类最繁。有团有长。有尖有扁。大或径尺。小或一捻。其棱或有或无。其色
青或绿。或黄斑糁斑。或白路黄路。入药用瓜之团而短者良。若长如瓠子不可用。（濒
味苦。气寒。有小毒。气薄味浓。浮而升。阴多于阳。（酸苦涌泄为阴）入手太阴足阳
明太阴
眩头痛
于本。故
蒂而已。
剂通剂也
热之药。能
除偏头痛有
纳鼻出黄水。
用瓜蒂散。若
枝证。头不痛。
之。太阳中 。身
寒热。脉紧不大。是
浊唾。下利日十余行
当吐之。宿食在上脘
赤小豆二钱半。为
乃止。高者越之。
（无己）身面浮肿。
一用。瘥乃止。湿家
仆。瓜蒂为末。每用
下咽即出。诸风膈
加蝎梢半钱。湿气
分。立吐虫出。
〔论〕 用蒂。须取甜瓜。蒂味苦而瓜味甘。舍甘用苦。以苦能达甘之用也。甜瓜吐华
五六月。禀火之气以致于土。其色黄。自吐华即有蒂。而实即结于蒂。故蒂禀火气。瓜味甘。
蒂之苦即联于甘。故禀火气以致土。即所谓以苦而达甘之用也。夫甘之用。不止达水以至土。
必先达水以至火。此以二月下种。蔓延末大。浓孕于水气。至夏火毕达而实乃成。火之毕达
者。正水之必达也。此彻下炎上之用。所以致土用也。夫土兼四气。而以水火为中气之元。
至于水火毕达。则土之用得际于极上。胃气之至于肺以布四脏者。皆由此也。（是以治证多
亦散。至湿热黄胆。是病于土之体也。土用达。又何不达之有。诚涌泄之宣剂通剂哉。但
达土用者无如此。为土病者亦即在此。故胃弱人忌之。嘉谟云。代以参芦可也。性急能损
胃气。胃弱者切忌。病后产后。尤宜深戒。（丹溪）味极苦而性上涌。能损胃伤血。耗气
损神。切
勿
这棵树在七月结果。果实像小豆一样但形状扁平。未成熟时呈青色，成熟后微带紫色。果核呈淡绿色，形状像肾脏。核外面的薄皮上有一层薄薄的盐霜。
云南和四川的人采集它作为木盐（植物性盐）。叶子上有虫子寄生，结成五倍子。八月时采收。
味道酸、咸，性质微寒，属于阴中之阴。主要功效是生津液、降虚火、化痰润肺、滋肾解毒、止泻痢、收敛止汗。治疗风湿引起的眼病、痰证。入水能溶解。所以，对于痰涎、盗汗、风湿下泪、流涕唾多等症状，都适宜使用。（李时珍）未尽的含义，详见“五倍子”及“百药煎”条目下。
早采的称为茶，晚采的称为茗。种类极多，方剂应用差异很大。总之以味道甘甜不涩、香气芬芳如兰、在夏季采摘的为优良。那些粗劣苦涩的品种，服用后会带来危害。
味道苦、甘，性质微寒。归手厥阴心包经和足厥阴肝经。清利头目，通利小便，去除痰热，止渴，使人少睡。治疗中风昏愦。煎煮饮用。
秽浊的渣滓，专门治疗烦闷。全身关节不适之气。味道虽然苦，只有在饮食之后喝浓茶才能治疗痢疾。姜能助阳。
都良好。（杨仁斋）按：阴。不仅伤阳，而且阴也由其化气以生枣仁、通草、莲子等。火者，热毒下痢。
〔论述〕 海藏（张元素）认为茶气寒味苦，归入手足厥阴经。足厥阴肝，是由阴中达阳以上升的。手厥阴心包经……达阳……立孤……黄瘦……气乎……患则不然……暗中损阳……不宜饮于酒后。
〔辨治〕 入药有名“腊茶”的。只有建州北苑几处产地出产。研磨制成饼状，日晒，遇火烤制更好。
就是甜瓜蒂。瓜类不同。一种叫果瓜，如西瓜、甜瓜。一种叫菜瓜，如黄瓜、越瓜。甜瓜南北种植很多，种类最繁杂。有圆的有长的，有尖的有扁的。大的直径一尺，小的仅一捻。其棱或有或无。颜色青或绿，或有黄斑糁斑，或有白路黄路。入药用圆形而短的瓜蒂为好。如果长得像葫芦那样不可用。（李时珍）
味道苦，性质寒，有小毒。气薄味浓，浮而上升，阴多于阳。（酸苦涌泄为阴）归入手太阴肺经、足阳明胃经、足太阴脾经……眩头痛……于本。故……蒂而已。
剂通剂也……热之药。能……除偏头痛有……纳鼻出黄水。
用瓜蒂散。若……枝证。头不痛。……之。太阳中……身寒热。脉紧不大。是……浊唾。下利日十余行……当吐之。宿食在上脘……赤小豆二钱半，为……乃止。高者越之。
（王好古）身面浮肿。……一用。瘥乃止。湿家……仆。瓜蒂为末。每用……下咽即出。诸风膈……加蝎梢半钱。湿气……分。立吐虫出。
〔论述〕 用蒂，须取甜瓜。蒂味苦而瓜味甘。舍甘用苦，以苦能达甘之用也。甜瓜在五六月开花，禀受火之气以致于土。其色黄。自吐花即有蒂，而实即结于蒂。故蒂禀火气，瓜味甘。蒂之苦即联于甘，故禀火气以致土，即所谓以苦而达甘之用也。夫甘之用，不止达水以至土，必先达水以至火。此以二月下种，蔓延末大，浓孕于水气，至夏火毕达而实乃成。火之毕达者，正水之必达也。此彻下炎上之用，所以致土用也。夫土兼四气，而以水火为中气之元。至于水火毕达，则土之用得际于极上。胃气之至于肺以布四脏者，皆由此也。（是以治证多……亦散。至湿热黄疸，是病于土之体也。土用达，又何不达之有。诚涌泄之宣剂通剂哉。但达土用者无如此。为土病者亦即在此。故胃弱人忌之。嘉谟云：代以参芦可也。性急能损胃气，胃弱者切忌。病后产后，尤宜深戒。（朱丹溪）味极苦而性上涌。能损胃伤血，耗气损神。切勿……
This tree bears fruit in the seventh month. The grains are like small beans but flat. They are green when raw and slightly purple when ripe. The kernel is pale green, shaped like a kidney. There is a thin layer of salt on the thin skin outside the kernel.
People in Yunnan and Sichuan harvest it as "Mu Yan" (Wood Salt). Insects on the leaves form Galla Chinensis (Wubeizi, 五倍子). It is harvested in the eighth month.
The taste is sour and salty, with a slightly cold nature, belonging to Yin within Yin. Its main indications include generating body fluids, descending fire, resolving phlegm, moistening the lungs, nourishing the kidneys, detoxifying, stopping dysentery, and consolidating to stop sweating. It treats rheumatic eye diseases and phlegm conditions. It has the function of dissolving in water. Therefore, for conditions such as salivation, night sweats, rheumatic tearing, runny nose, and excessive saliva, it is suitable for use. (Li Shizhen) For meanings not fully expounded, see the entries for Galla Chinensis (Wubeizi, 五倍子) and Baimiao Jian (Baiyao Jian, 百药煎).
Harvested early, it is called Tea (Cha); harvested late, it is called Ming (Ming, 茗). There are many varieties, and their applications differ greatly. Generally, those that are sweet in taste, not astringent, fragrant like orchids, and picked in summer are considered superior. Coarse, bitter, and astringent varieties cause harm if consumed.
The taste is bitter and sweet, with a slightly cold nature. It enters the Hand Jueyin Pericardium Meridian and Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian. It clears the head and eyes, promotes urination, removes phlegm-heat, relieves thirst, and reduces sleepiness. It treats stroke with coma and confusion. Decoct and drink.
Filth and dregs specifically treat irritability. Qi causing discomfort in all joints. Although the taste is bitter, only drinking strong tea after meals can treat dysentery. Ginger assists Yang.
Both are good. (Yang Renzhai) According to: Yin. Not only does it injure Yang, but Yin also transforms into Qi to generate Suan Zao Ren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen), Tong Cao (Tetrapanacis Medulla), and Lian Zi (Nelumbinis Semen). Fire refers to heat-toxin dysentery.
[Discussion] Haizang (Zhang Yuansu) stated that Tea has a cold nature and bitter taste, entering the Hand and Foot Jueyin meridians. The Foot Jueyin Liver meridian rises from Yin to Yang. The Hand Jueyin... reaches Yang... establishes solitude... yellow emaciation... Qi? ...Illness does not occur thus... secretly damages Yang... should not be drunk after alcohol.
[Differentiation and Treatment] In medicinal use, there is a type named "La Cha" (Winter Tea). It is produced only in a few places at Bei Yuan in Jianzhou. It is ground into cakes, sun-dried, and becomes better when exposed to fire.
This refers to the Pedicel of Cucumis melo (Tiangua Di, 甜瓜蒂). Melon types vary. One type is fruit melons, such as Watermelon (Xigua, 西瓜) and Muskmelon (Tiangua, 甜瓜). Another type is vegetable melons, such as Cucumber (Hugua, 胡瓜) and Yue Melon (Yuegua, 越瓜). Muskmelons are widely planted north and south, with the most numerous varieties. They are round or long, pointed or flat. Large ones may have a diameter of one chi, small ones only a pinch. Their ridges may or may not exist. Colors may be green or light green, or have yellow speckles, or white/yellow veins. For medicinal use, round and short pedicels are preferred. Those long like bottle gourds should not be used. (Li Shizhen)
The taste is bitter, nature is cold, with slight toxicity. The Qi is thin and the Taste is strong, floating and ascending, with Yin exceeding Yang. (Sour and bitter induce vomiting and purgation, which is Yin). Enters the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian, Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian, and Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian... vertigo and headache... at the root. Thus... just the pedicel.
It is a general agent for purging... hot medicine. Can... relieve lateral headache... insert into nose to discharge yellow fluid.
Use Tiangua San (Melon Pedicel Powder). If... branch syndrome. Head does not hurt... thereof. Taiyang Zhongshu (Heatstroke)... body chills and fever. Pulse tight and not large. This... turbid saliva. Diarrhea more than ten times a day... should induce vomiting. Food stagnation in the Upper Jiao... Xiaodou Dou (Adzuki Bean) two qian half, made into... then stops. High ones are vented.
(Wang Haogu) Swelling of body and face... use once. Stop when cured. Dampness patients... fall. Pulverize Tiangua Di (Melon Pedicel). Use each time... immediately vomits upon swallowing. Various wind syndromes affecting the diaphragm... add half qian of Scorpion tail (Xie Shao, 蝎梢). Dampness... points. Immediately vomits worms out.
[Discussion] When using the pedicel, one must select the Muskmelon. The pedicel tastes bitter while the melon tastes sweet. Abandoning sweetness for bitterness, because bitterness can achieve the function of sweetness. Muskmelon flowers in the fifth and sixth months, inheriting the Qi of Fire to reach Earth. Its color is yellow. From flowering comes the pedicel, and the fruit forms on the pedicel. Thus, the pedicel inherits Fire Qi, and the melon is sweet. The bitterness of the pedicel connects to sweetness, thus inheriting Fire Qi to reach Earth, which is what is meant by "bitterness achieving the function of sweetness." The function of sweetness is not only to reach Earth from Water, but first to reach Fire from Water. This variety is sown in the second month, spreading extensively, heavily pregnant with Water Qi. By summer, Fire Qi fully reaches, and the fruit matures. The full reaching of Fire is precisely the necessary reaching of Water. This is the function of penetrating downward and flaring upward, thereby achieving the function of Earth. Earth encompasses the four Qi, with Water and Fire as the origin of Middle Qi. Once Water and Fire fully reach, the function of Earth reaches its peak. The Stomach Qi reaching the Lung to distribute to the four Zang organs all stems from this. (Therefore, treating syndromes often... also disperses. Until damp-heat jaundice, this is a disease of the substance of Earth. If the function of Earth reaches, why would it not reach? Truly a general agent for inducing vomiting and purgation. But none surpasses this in reaching the function of Earth. Diseases of Earth lie here too. Therefore, people with weak stomachs should avoid it. Jiamo said: Ginseng Radix Rhizoma芦 (Shen Lu, 参芦) can substitute. Its nature is urgent and can damage Stomach Qi; those with weak stomachs must strictly avoid it. After illness or postpartum, one should especially take deep precautions. (Zhu Danxi) Extremely bitter in taste and rising in nature. It can damage the Stomach, injure Blood, consume Qi, and damage Spirit. Do not...