石绿。阴石也。生铜坑中。铜得紫阳之气而生绿。绿久则成石。谓之石绿。而铜
生于中。与空青曾青同一根源也。今人呼为大绿。（濒湖）
性有小毒。吐风痰甚效。吐风痰法。拣石绿精好者。研筛水飞。再研。如风痰眩闷。取
二三钱。同龙脑三四豆许研匀。薄荷汁合酒温调服之。偃卧须臾。涎自口角流出。不致呕吐。
功胜他药。（颂） 按此味善吐风痰。以其为铜之祖。气取金气之精。能使木平者。莫是过
也。合龙脑名碧霞散。不可以治湿痰。惟同附子尖乌头尖蝎梢用者。名碧霞丹。乃可治之。
中风之痰。风湿有异。此阳中阴中之分也。世人愦愦者多。
胆以色味命名。因其质似矾。俗呼胆矾。出蒲州山穴中。鸭嘴色者为上。产羌里
者色少黑。次之。信州又次之。是物生于石。其经煎炼者即多伪。但以火烧之成汁者。必伪
也。涂于铜铁上。烧之红者。真也。又以铜器盛水。投少许入中。水色不变青碧。数日不异
者。真也。（濒湖） 成块若鸡卵。圆大色青。碧如琉璃。击之纵横解皆成叠。有铜坑内生
者。亦可煎炼而成。今市多以醋揉青矾假充。不可不辨。（嘉谟）
味酸涩。气寒。有毒。入少阳胆经。明目。治目痛及诸痫痉。女子阴蚀痛。并崩中下血。
（本经）入吐风痰药最快。散症积咳逆上气。疗喉蛾。化鼻中 肉。鼠 恶疮。胆矾乃铜之
精液。其性收敛上行。能涌风热痰涎。发散风木相火。又能杀虫。故治咽喉口齿疮毒有奇功。
（濒湖）喉痹极速垂死方。用真鸭嘴胆矾末。醋调灌之。大吐胶痰数升。即瘥。蛊胀及水肿
。用胆矾明亮如翠琉璃者。米醋煮。以君臣之药佐服。胜于铁砂铁蛾。以其入肝胆制脾块故
也。魏清臣消肿黑丸子。即用此。
〔论〕 胆矾气寒。味酸涩。而涩较胜。据其气味。乃是阴不得阳以畅。阳即不得阴以
和。总未离于出地之初气耳。故以对待相火之上逆而化为风淫者。其色青。其味酸涩。似独
全乎出地风木之气化。而还以收降其风邪也。第风木之用。以升出为其能达阴于阳。而酸收
乃其体之根于最初者耳。有收敛于阴。乃能宣散于阳。方书用治胀满黄胆。及去齿风缠喉风
等证。皆由收敛以致宣散之功。是由体而达诸用者也。
再喉痹一症。用胆矾亦宜审处。楼全善有云。喉痹恶寒者。皆是寒折热。寒闭于外。热
郁于内。切忌胆矾酸寒等剂点喉。反使阳郁不伸。为患加剧。然则此味宜于不恶寒之喉痹。
乃阴不能蓄阳之痹。是风淫也。其恶寒之喉痹。乃阳不能达阴之痹。是风虚也。此味能散风
木相火。若恶寒之喉痹。原因郁热。非属相火。宜消阴伸阳。不宜收阳助阴。投剂者可弗审
诸。
石绿。属于阴性的石头。生长在铜矿坑中。铜吸收了紫阳之气而生成绿色，绿色日久便凝结成石，称为石绿，而铜就产生于其中，与空青、曾青有着相同的根源。现在的人称之为大绿。（李时珍）
药性有小毒。催吐风痰效果极佳。催吐风痰的方法：挑选质地精好的石绿，研磨过筛后用水飞法处理，再次研磨。如果患有风痰引起的眩晕昏闷，取二三钱，加入三四粒豆大小的龙脑，一起研磨均匀，用薄荷汁调和温酒送服。服药后躺卧片刻，涎水自然从口角流出，不会引起呕吐。其功效胜过其他药物。（苏颂）
按语：此味药材善于吐出风痰，因为它是铜的根本，气禀受金气的精华，能使肝木平和，没有比它更好的了。配合龙脑名为碧霞散，不可以用来治疗湿痰。只有同附子尖、乌头尖、蝎梢一起使用，名为碧霞丹，才可以治疗湿痰。中风之痰，风湿性质不同，这是阳证与阴中证的区别。世人糊涂的大多如此。
胆矾因颜色和味道命名。因其质地类似明矾，俗称为胆矾。出产于蒲州的山穴中。呈鸭嘴形状且颜色好的为上品。出产于羌里的颜色稍黑，为次品。信州出产的又次一等。这种物品生于石头之中，经过煎炼加工的往往有很多伪品。只要用火焚烧化成汁液的，必定是伪品。涂抹在铜铁上，烧之变红的，才是真品。又用铜器盛水，投入少许胆矾，水色不变青碧，数日无变化的，是真品。（李时珍）
结成块状像鸡蛋大小，圆形较大，颜色青翠，碧绿如琉璃。敲击时纵横裂开都呈现层叠状。有在铜矿坑内天然生成的，也可以通过煎炼制成。现在市场上多用醋揉制的青矾假冒充数，不可不辨别。（嘉谟）
味道酸涩，气寒，有毒。入少阳胆经。能明目，治疗眼痛及各种癫痫痉挛，女子阴部蚀痛，以及崩漏下血。（《神农本草经》）进入催吐风痰的药物中见效最快。能消散症积、咳嗽气逆，治疗喉蛾（扁桃体炎），消除鼻中息肉，治疗鼠瘘恶疮。胆矾乃是铜的精液，其性收敛上行，能涌吐风热痰涎，发散风木相火，又能杀虫，所以治疗咽喉口齿疮毒有奇效。（李时珍）
治疗喉痹极速垂死的方子：用真正的鸭嘴胆矾粉末，用醋调匀灌服，大量吐出胶结的痰液数升，病即痊愈。治疗蛊胀及水肿，选用明亮如翠绿琉璃般的胆矾，用米醋煮，配合君臣佐使的药物服用，胜于铁砂、铁蛾。因为它入肝胆经以制约脾脏肿块。魏清臣的消肿黑丸子，就是用的这个。
【论述】 胆矾气寒，味酸涩，而涩味较胜。根据它的气味来看，这是阴得不到阳气的通畅，阳气也就得不到阴气的调和，总归没有脱离出地之初的气机。所以用它来对待相火上逆化为风淫的病证。它的颜色青，味道酸涩，似乎独全乎出地风木之气化，从而反过来收降风邪。只是风木的功能，以升发透出为能达阴于阳，而酸收则是其体根源于最初的状态。只有在阴中收敛，才能在阳中宣散。医书用其治疗胀满黄疸，以及去除齿风、缠喉风等证候，都是由收敛达到宣散的功效。这是由体达用的表现。
再论喉痹一症，使用胆矾也应当审慎处置。楼全善曾说：喉痹伴有恶寒症状的，都是寒邪遏制热邪，寒闭于外，热郁于内。切忌用胆矾等酸寒药剂点喉，反而会使阳气郁结不能伸展，导致病情加重。那么，此味药材适宜于不恶寒的喉痹，那是阴不能蓄阳的痹证，属于风淫。那些恶寒的喉痹，是阳不能达阴的痹证，属于风虚。此味药能疏散风木相火，若恶寒的喉痹，原因是郁热，并非属相火，应当消阴伸阳，不宜收阳助阴。用药者可以不明察这些吗？
Shilü (Malachite). It is a Yin stone. It grows in copper pits. Copper generates green after absorbing the Qi of Ziyang (Purple Sun); when the green persists for a long time, it solidifies into stone, called Shilü (Malachite), and the copper is generated within it. It shares the same origin with Kongqing (Azurite) and Cengqing (Chrysocolla). People now call it Dalü (Large Green). (Benhu)
It has slight toxicity. It is very effective in inducing vomiting to expel Wind-phlegm. The method for inducing vomiting of Wind-phlegm: Select high-quality Shilü (Malachite), grind it, sieve it, and process it by water flotation (Shuifei). Grind it again. If suffering from dizziness and oppression caused by Wind-phlegm, take 2-3 qian, mix with 3-4 beans' worth of Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum), grind evenly, and take with warm wine mixed with Bohe juice (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba). Lie down for a moment, and saliva will flow naturally from the corners of the mouth without causing vomiting. Its efficacy surpasses other herbs. (Song)
Note: This substance is good at vomiting out Wind-phlegm because it is the ancestor of copper, taking the essence of Metal Qi, and nothing can better level Wood (Liver). Combined with Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum), it is named Bixia San (Green Cloud Powder), but it cannot be used to treat Damp-phlegm. Only when used together with Fuzi Jian (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata apex), Wutou Jian (Aconiti Radix apex), and Xieshao (Scorpio tail), named Bixia Dan (Green Cloud Pill), can it treat Damp-phlegm. Phlegm in stroke differs from Wind-Damp; this is the distinction between Yang and Yin-Zhong patterns. Many people in the world are confused.
Danfan (Chalcanthite) is named for its color and taste. Because its texture resembles Mingfan (Alumen), it is commonly called Danfan. It comes from mountain caves in Puzhou. Those resembling duck bills are the best grade. Those from Qiangli have a darker color and are second grade. Those from Xinzhou are third grade. This substance is born from stone; those that have undergone decoction and refining are often counterfeit. If it melts into liquid when burned with fire, it must be fake. If applied to copper or iron and turns red when heated, it is genuine. Also, place a small amount in water held in a copper vessel; if the water does not turn blue-green and remains unchanged for several days, it is genuine. (Benhu)
It forms lumps like chicken eggs, round and large, green-blue like glass. When struck, it splits longitudinally and transversely into layers. Some are naturally generated in copper pits, while others can be made by refining. Nowadays, the market often uses Qingfan (Vitriol) kneaded with vinegar to pass off as fake, so one must not fail to distinguish them. (Jiamo)
Taste is sour and astringent; nature is cold; it is toxic. It enters the Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. It brightens the eyes, treats eye pain and various epilepsy spasms, female genital erosion pain, and metrorrhagia and hypomenorrhea. (Shennong Bencao Jing) It acts fastest among medicines that induce vomiting to expel Wind-phlegm. It dissipates accumulations, cough, and rebellious Qi; treats Hou'e (tonsillitis); dissolves nasal polyps; and treats Shulou (scrofula) and malignant ulcers. Danfan (Chalcanthite) is the essence fluid of copper. Its nature is convergent and ascending; it can surge Wind-Heat phlegm-saliva, disperse Wind-Wood Minister Fire, and kill parasites. Therefore, it has miraculous effects in treating sores and toxins of the throat, mouth, and teeth. (Benhu)
For the emergency formula for severe sore throat leading to imminent death: Use powder of genuine duck-bill Danfan (Chalcanthite), mix with vinegar, and灌 (force-feed/irrigate). Vomiting several sheng of gelatinous phlegm results in recovery. For Guzhhang (abdominal distension due to parasites) and Shuizhong (edema): Use Danfan (Chalcanthite) bright as emerald glass, boil with rice vinegar, and take with sovereign-minister-assistant-courier herbs. It is superior to Tiesha (Iron filings) and Tie'e (Iron moths) because it enters the Liver and Gallbladder to control Spleen masses. Wei Qingchen's Xiaozhong Heiwan (Black Pill for Reducing Swelling) uses this.
[Discussion] Danfan (Chalcanthite) is cold in nature and sour-astringent in taste, with astringency being more prominent. Based on its taste and nature, it represents Yin failing to receive the unblocking power of Yang, and thus Yang fails to harmonize with Yin. It essentially remains in the initial Qi state upon emerging from the earth. Therefore, it is used to counteract Minister Fire rebelling upward and transforming into Wind pathogenic factor. Its color is green, and its taste is sour and astringent, seemingly fully possessing the Qi transformation of Wind-Wood emerging from the earth, thereby returning to收 (gather/restrain) the Wind pathogen. However, the function of Wind-Wood lies in ascending and exiting to reach Yin through Yang, while Sour astringency is the root of its form in the earliest stage. Only by converging in Yin can one disseminate in Yang. Medical texts use it to treat distension, fullness, and jaundice, as well as to remove Chi Feng (wind affecting teeth) and Chanhou Feng (throat-wrapping wind). These all achieve dissemination through convergence. This is reaching function through form.
Regarding the symptom of Houbi (sore throat/throat obstruction), the use of Danfan (Chalcanthite) should also be carefully considered. Lou Quanshan stated: In cases of Houbi accompanied by aversion to cold, it is always Cold restraining Heat; Cold closes externally, and Heat stagnates internally. One must strictly avoid using sour-cold agents like Danfan (Chalcanthite) to irrigate the throat, as this will cause Yang to stagnate without extending, worsening the condition. Thus, this substance is suitable for Houbi without aversion to cold, which is a Bi syndrome where Yin cannot store Yang, belonging to Wind-Yin. The Houbi with aversion to cold is a Bi syndrome where Yang cannot reach Yin, belonging to Wind-Xu (Deficiency). This substance can disperse Wind-Wood Minister Fire. If the Houbi with aversion to cold is due to stagnant Heat rather than Minister Fire, one should eliminate Yin and extend Yang, not gather Yang and assist Yin. Prescribers should not fail to examine these points.