赭者。红黑之间色也。出代郡。一名土朱。一名铁朱。代产难得。择取石上纹头有如浮
沤丁者。谓之丁头代赭。色如鸡冠。且有润泽。染爪甲不渝者良。
味苦甘。气平寒。气薄味浓。阴也。降也。入手少阴手足厥阴经。干姜为之使。畏天雄
附子。治鬼疰贼风。腹中毒邪气。除五脏血脉中热。镇虚逆。大人小儿惊气入腹。女子崩漏
带下。安胎。代赭。阳石也。（外丹本草） 怯则气浮。代赭之重以镇之。伤寒汗吐下后。
心下痞硬。噫气不除者。主旋复代赭汤。（好古） 小儿泻后。眼上。三日不乳。目黄如金。
气将绝。此慢惊风也。宜治肝。用水飞代赭末。每服五分。冬瓜仁煎汤调下愈。急慢惊风。
吊眼撮口。搐搦不定。代赭石火烧醋淬十次。细研水飞。日干。每服一钱或半钱。真金煎汤
调下。连进三服。脚胫上有赤斑。此惊气已出。病当安也。无斑点者不可治。堕胎下血不止。
代赭末一钱。生地汁半盏调服。日三五次。以瘥为度。血崩。赭石火 醋淬七次。为末。白
汤服二钱。诸丹热毒。赭石青黛各二钱。滑石荆芥各一钱。为末。每服钱半。蜜水调下。仍
外敷之。
〔论〕 人身肝脏之气。由阴而升阳者也。升而不能合于天气之阳。则病于风。本经赭
石主治。首言鬼疰贼风。以鬼疰乃元气虚怯之幻象。惟于补益中佐此以镇虚怯。则肝之惊风
自平。何以能之。盖赭石一名铁朱。本金气之化。（山上有赭。其下有铁。）金属天气。而赭
色化赤则从火。是金火合德以畅卫而达营。即木之所以得媾于金而风平者。不仅如铁锈之以
金制木也。若是。则赭石固气分之剂矣。何以能效血分之功欤。曰。阳中之太阳心也。而生
血却在此心。肺合而气盛。气盛而血生。俾清中之浊入胃至脾。而肝乃得司其藏血之职。安
得谓清镇气化不能为血化之地欤。或曰。小儿惊痫。固知病及风木矣。女子崩带。亦专属风
木之病欤。曰。风脏即血脏。血之不获宁谧者。多本脏风木摇之耳。此味以镇浮而平风。则
血不溢。是固然之化机也。但先气而及血。故方书用疗血证者。惟崩漏及之。以女子之血有
余。而气之病于不足以为血患者多也。明于此。则知所以用赭石矣。濒湖专以为血分药。不
知养气丹之用五石。代赭与焉。其所主治曰。诸虚百损。真阳不固。上实下虚。气不升降。
或喘或促。一切体弱气虚之人如此。则非气分药乎。且又曰。并治妇人血海冷惫诸证。是非
由气而及血之证欤。况外丹本草。固以谓为阳石矣。
下部虚寒者不宜。阳虚阴痿者忌。（仲淳）
〔修治〕 赤醋淬。三次或七次。研末水飞。取其相制。并为肝经血分引用也。（濒
湖）
赭，是红与黑之间的颜色。产于代郡（今河北蔚县一带）。又名土朱、铁朱。代地产的赭石难以获得。挑选石头上纹理像浮沤丁形状的，称为“丁头代赭”。其颜色像鸡冠一样红，且有润泽感，能染指甲且不易褪去的为佳品。
味苦、甘，气平、寒。气味轻薄而滋味浓厚，属阴。具有沉降之性。归入手少阴心经和手足厥阴肝经。干姜是其引经药（使药）。畏天雄、附子。主治鬼疰（一种慢性消耗性传染病）、贼风（突发的邪风），腹中的中毒邪气。清除五脏血脉中的热邪。镇摄虚逆之气。治疗大人和小儿惊气入腹。治疗女子崩漏（非经期大量出血或淋漓不尽）及带下病。安胎。代赭属于阳石。（出自《外丹本草》）
怯弱则气机浮越，代赭石的沉重之性可以镇摄它。伤寒经过发汗、催吐、泻下治疗后，出现心下痞硬（胃脘部堵塞感且按之坚硬），嗳气不止的，主用旋复代赭汤。（李好古语）
小儿腹泻后，眼睛上翻，三天不吃奶，目睛黄如金色，气息将绝，这是慢惊风。应当治肝。用水飞法处理的代赭石粉末，每次服用五分。用冬瓜仁煎汤调服即愈。急惊风和慢惊风，出现吊眼（眼球固定向上凝视）、撮口（口唇紧缩如囊）、抽搐不定等症状。将代赭石火烧后浸入醋中淬炼十次，细研并水飞，晒干。每次服用一钱或半钱。用真金煎汤调服。连续服用三剂。如果脚胫上有赤色斑点出现，说明惊气已排出，病当痊愈。如果没有斑点的，不可治愈。
堕胎导致下血不止。取代赭石粉末一钱，生地汁半盏调服。每日三到五次，以病愈为度。血崩。赭石火煅醋淬七次，研末。用白开水送服二钱。各种丹药的热毒。赭石、青黛各二钱，滑石、荆芥各一钱，研末。每次服用钱半。用蜜水调服，同时外用敷贴。
〔论〕 人身肝脏的气，是由阴升发为阳的。如果升发而不能与天气之阳相合，就会生病于风。《本经》（《神农本草经》）中赭石的主治，首先提到鬼疰和贼风。因为鬼疰是元气虚怯产生的幻象，只有在补益的同时佐以赭石来镇摄虚怯，那么肝风的惊悸自然平息。为什么能做到这一点呢？大概赭石又名铁朱，是金气所化。（山上有赭石，下面就有铁矿。）金属代表天气，而赭石的颜色化为红色则从属于火。这是金火合德，能够通畅卫气而通达营气。这就是木之所以能与金相媾合而风平的缘故。不仅仅是像铁锈那样以金制木而已。如果是这样，那么赭石确实是气分的药物了。为什么又能发挥血分的作用呢？回答说：阳中之太阳是心，而生血却在于此心。肺合于心而气盛，气盛则血生。使得清中之浊进入胃至脾，而肝才能行使藏血的功能。怎么能说清镇的化气作用不能成为化血的场所呢？有人说：小儿惊痫，确实知道病及风木了。女子的崩漏和带下，也专属风木的病吗？回答说：风脏即是血脏。血不能安宁静谧的，多是因为本脏的风木摇动所致。这味药通过镇摄浮越之气而平息风邪，那么血就不会溢出。这是必然的变化机理。但它是先作用于气而后波及血，所以方书中用于治疗血证的，只有崩漏涉及它。因为女子的血有余，而气病导致不足进而影响血的很多。明白了这一点，就知道为什么要使用赭石了。李时珍（濒湖）专门将其作为血分药，却不知道养气丹中使用五石，其中就包括代赭石。它的主治说：各种虚损百病，真阳不固，上实下虚，气不升降，或者喘促。一切体质虚弱气虚的人如此，这难道不是气分药吗？并且又说：兼治妇人血海冷惫的各种证候。这难道不是由气及血的证候吗？况且《外丹本草》本来就说它是阳石。
下部虚寒者不宜。阳虚阳痿者忌用。（陈仲淳语）
Zhe (Hematite) is an intermediate color between red and black. It originates from Dai Commandery (modern-day Yuxian, Hebei). Also known as Tuzhu (Earth Cinnabar) and Tiezhu (Iron Cinnabar). Hematite produced in Dai is rare. One should select stones with patterns resembling floating bubbles or "Ding" shapes, called "Dingtou Daizhe". The color should be like a rooster's comb, possessing a lustrous sheen, and capable of staining fingernails without fading; such quality is considered superior.
It tastes bitter and sweet, and its nature is neutral and cold. Its qi is light while its flavor is concentrated, belonging to Yin. It has a descending property. It enters the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian and the Hand-Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) serves as its guiding herb (Shi). It is incompatible with Tianxiong (Aconitum brachypodum root) and Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root). It treats Guizhu (ghostly fixation, a chronic wasting disease) and Zeifeng (sudden pathogenic winds), toxic evil qi in the abdomen. It clears heat from the blood vessels of the five zang organs. It anchors deficiency-rebellious qi. It treats adults and children suffering from fright qi entering the abdomen. It treats women with Binglou (metrorrhagia and metrostaxis) and Daixia (leukorrhea). It calms the fetus. Daizhe is a Yang stone. (From *Waidan Bencao*)
When there is timidity, qi floats upward; the heaviness of Daizhe anchors it. After Taiyang syndrome has been treated with sweating, vomiting, or purging methods, if epigastric fullness and hardness occur with persistent belching, Xuanfu Daizhe Tang (Inula and Hematite Decoction) is the primary formula. (Li Haoguo)
After diarrhea in infants, if the eyes roll upward, the infant refuses milk for three days, the sclera turns yellow like gold, and vital qi is nearly exhausted, this is Manjingfeng (Slow Convulsion). Treatment should target the Liver. Use Daizhe powder processed by water flotation. Take 0.5 qian per dose, mixed with decoction of Winter Melon Seeds (Dongguaren). For acute and slow convulsions, characterized by fixed upward gaze (Diaoyan), puckered mouth (Cukou), and irregular spasms: calcine Daizhe Stone by fire and quench in vinegar ten times, grind finely, process by water flotation, and dry. Take 1 qian or 0.5 qian per dose, mixed with decoction of real gold. Administer continuously for three doses. If red spots appear on the calves, it indicates that the fright qi has exited, and the patient will recover. If no spots appear, the condition is incurable.
For post-abortion bleeding that does not stop: take 1 qian of Daizhe powder, mixed with half a cup of Shengdi juice (Rehmanniae Radix Juice). Take 3-5 times daily until recovery. For severe uterine bleeding (Beng): calcine Daizhe Stone by fire and quench in vinegar seven times, grind into powder. Take 2 qian with warm water. For toxic heat from various elixirs: mix 2 qian of Daizhe Stone and Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis), and 1 qian each of Huashi (Talcum) and Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba), grind into powder. Take 1.5 qian per dose, mixed with honey water, and apply externally as well.
[Discussion] The qi of the human Liver ascends from Yin to transform into Yang. If this ascent fails to harmonize with the Yang of Heaven, wind pathology arises. In *Benjing* (*Shennong Bencao Jing*), the primary indications for Daizhe Stone are Guizhu and Zeifeng. Since Guizhu is an illusion caused by deficiency and timidity of Yuanqi, only by assisting tonification with Daizhe to anchor deficiency can liver wind and fright subside. How does it achieve this? Daizhe is also named Tiezhu, representing the transformation of Metal qi. (Where there is hematite on the mountain, iron lies beneath.) Metal corresponds to Heavenly Qi, but when hematite transforms into red color, it follows Fire. This represents the virtue of Metal and Fire combining to unblock Wei (Defensive) Qi and reach Ying (Nutritive) Qi. This is why Wood can interact with Metal to calm wind, not merely by Metal restraining Wood like rust. Thus, Daizhe is indeed a Qi-level agent. Why does it exert effects on the Blood level? The answer is: The Sun within Yang is the Heart, yet blood generation occurs here. The Lung combines with the Heart, making Qi abundant; abundant Qi generates Blood. This allows the turbid part of clear Qi to enter the Stomach and Spleen, enabling the Liver to perform its function of storing Blood. How can one claim that clearing and anchoring Qi transformation cannot serve as the ground for Blood transformation? Some say: Infantile convulsions clearly involve Wind-Wood. Do female Binglou and leukorrhea also exclusively belong to Wind-Wood pathology? The response is: The Wind Zang is the Blood Zang. Blood failing to remain tranquil is often due to the shaking of the intrinsic Wind-Wood. This herb anchors floating qi and calms wind, thereby preventing blood extravasation. This is the natural mechanism. However, since it acts on Qi first and then affects Blood, formulas treating blood disorders only mention it for Binglou. This is because women have excess blood, but many blood pathologies stem from Qi deficiency affecting blood. Understanding this reveals the rationale for using Daizhe. Li Shizhen (Binhu) specialized in classifying it as a Blood-level herb, unaware that Yangqi Dan uses Five Stones, including Daizhe. Its indications state: all deficiencies and hundred damages, insecure True Yang, upper excess and lower deficiency, non-ascending and non-descending Qi, or wheezing and rapid breathing. For all individuals with weak constitution and deficient Qi, is this not a Qi-level herb? Furthermore, it states: it also treats various conditions of cold fatigue in the Blood Sea of women. Is this not a pathology extending from Qi to Blood? Moreover, *Waidan Bencao* explicitly states it is a Yang stone.
It is unsuitable for those with deficiency-cold in the lower jiao. Contraindicated for those with Yang deficiency and impotence. (Chen Zhongchun)
[Processing] Quench in red vinegar three or seven times. Grind into powder and process by water flotation. This achieves mutual restraint and serves as a guiding agent for the Liver Meridian Blood level. (Li Shizhen)