铜有赤白青色不一。惟赤者入药。其屑即打铜落下者。或以红铜火 水淬。亦自落下。
（濒湖）
气味苦平。主治同自然铜。能焊人骨。凡六畜有损者。细研酒服。直入骨损处。畜死。
取骨视之。犹有焊痕可验。（藏器）同五倍子。能染须发。
〔修治〕 水淘净。用好酒入砂锅内炒。见火星。取研末用。打熟铜。不堪用。
即铜器上绿色。一名铜绿。铜之精华也。不问生熟铜皆有。近以醋制生绿货之。气味酸
平。主治风痰明目。妇人血气心痛。合金疮。止血。治恶疮疳疮。杀虫。铜之液气所结。酸
而有小毒。能入肝胆。故吐利风痰。明目杀疳。皆疗肝胆之病也。铜青涂木。入水不腐。痰
涎潮盛。猝中不语。及一切风瘫。用生铜绿二两。研细水化。去石。慢火熬干。取辰日辰时
辰位上修合。再研入麝香一分。糯粉糊丸弹子大。阴干。猝中者。每丸作二服。薄荷酒研下。
余风朱砂酒化下。吐出青碧涎。泻下恶物。大效。如治小儿。用绿云丹。铜绿不计多少。研
粉。醋面糊丸芡子大。每薄荷酒化服一丸。须臾吐涎如胶。神效。走马牙疳。用溺桶中白垢
火一钱。入铜绿三分。麝香一分半。敷之立愈。鼻疳青金散。用铜青生矾各一钱。为末。
每取少许。敷鼻下。又兰香散。兰香叶（菜名）烧灰二钱。铜青半钱。轻粉二字。为细末令
匀。看疮大小干贴之。按铜青之治疳疮。乃土虚而木斯侮之。但治其标之急者。
〔论〕铜禀土中阴气以生。青则其英华所结而透出于外者。凡铜入地久。或沃以咸酸
之味。便生青。是能达其辛中之酸于肺。乃更畅其酸中之辛于肝。正由肺而得肝之化气入肝
而致肺之用者。（本仲淳）人身肺属金。肝属木。肺喜酸收。肝喜辛散。正金木相媾之元机
也。铜固金类。今用醋制生绿。正金媾于木而吐其精液也。（铜属五金之一。何以独媾于木。
盖五金惟黄金为之长。而铜则与黄金同。故字从金同也。）媾木而化其精微。所以治中风之
痰涎潮盛。乃其的对。盖用其化气。非以金克木而侮其所胜也。铜青涂木则入水不腐者。木
为金之匹。因木得媾于金。而木乃裕其化气。水为金之子。因金已媾于木。而水更育其子气。
生化归于一气。是以不为水所腐也。其能明目者。肝窍开于木。又主风烂眼泪出。总不离血
脏之风以为治也。兹品从金所吐之精液以治木眚。用疗风脏之血。未有如是之亲切者。所以
别录首主妇人血气心痛耳。又按诸疳皆脾胃病。内亡精液之所作也。夫小儿肾阴原不足。独
赖脾阴与胃阳表里。以为生化之地。疳证之作。因种种伤其脾阴。致胃阳独亢。是宜大补脾
阴。又须理会阳生阴长之妙。令阴裕。有化原。盖足三阴同起于下。而脾阴之益。难以取效
旦夕。须少少同肾肝药。以为益脾阴地。则庶几奏效也。
铜有赤、白、青等不同颜色，只有红色的铜入药。其铜屑即打铜时落下的碎屑，或者用红铜在火中加热后浸入水中淬火，也会自然脱落。
（李时珍）
气味苦、平。主治功效与自然铜相同，能够焊接人的骨骼。凡是六畜身体受损的，将铜屑细细研磨后用酒送服，药力直达骨损处。牲畜死后，取出骨头查看，仍有焊接的痕迹可以验证。（苏恭）与五倍子同用，能染黑须发。
〔修治〕 用水淘洗干净，用好酒放入砂锅内炒制，见到火星冒出时，取出研磨成粉末使用。打制的熟铜不堪使用。
铜器上生成的绿色物质，又名铜绿，是铜的精华所在。无论生铜还是熟铜都有生成。近来有用醋处理生铜来制造这种绿色物质的。气味酸、平。主治风痰，明目，妇人血气心痛，治疗金疮，止血，治疗恶疮和疳疮，杀虫。这是铜的液气凝结而成，味酸而有小毒，能进入肝胆经。所以能吐利风痰，明目，杀疳虫，都是治疗肝胆疾病的原理。铜青涂在木头上，入水不会腐烂。对于痰涎潮盛，突然中风不能说话，以及一切风瘫症状，取生铜绿二两，研细后用水化开，去掉杂质，用慢火熬干。选择辰日、辰时、辰位进行配制，再次研磨后加入麝香一分，用糯米粉糊制成弹子大小的丸药，阴干。突发中风者，每丸分两次服用，用薄荷酒研化送下；其余风瘫症状，用朱砂酒化开送下。服药后会吐出青绿色的涎沫，泻下恶浊之物，效果显著。如果是治疗小儿，使用绿云丹。铜绿不限多少，研成粉，用醋和面糊制成芡实大小的丸药。每次用薄荷酒化开服用一丸，片刻之后会吐出如胶状的涎沫，神效。治疗走马牙疳，取溺桶中的白垢煅烧后的灰一钱，加入铜绿三分，麝香一分半，外敷患处，立即可愈。治疗鼻疳的青金散，用铜青和枯矾各一钱，研为细末。每次取少许，敷于鼻孔下方。还有兰香散，用兰香叶（一种蔬菜名）烧成的灰二钱，铜青半钱，轻粉二钱，研为极细的粉末混合均匀，根据疮口大小干贴患处。按：铜青治疗疳疮，是因为土虚导致木气来侮犯（脾虚肝旺）。这里只是治其急标。
〔论〕 铜禀受土中的阴气而生，青色则是其英华凝结并透出于外的表现。凡铜在地里时间久了，或者浇灌咸酸之味，就会生出青色。这能使铜达其辛中之酸以入肺，进而畅达其酸中之辛以入肝，正是由肺得到肝的化气，进入肝而发挥肺的作用。（张介宾注引陈自明语）人身肺属金，肝属木。肺喜欢酸收，肝喜欢辛散，这正是金木相媾的玄机。铜本属金类，现在用醋处理生成绿色，正是金媾于木而吐出精液的表现。（铜属于五金之一，为什么唯独媾合于木？大概因为五金中以黄金为首，而铜与黄金同类，所以字形从“金”从“同”。）媾合于木而化生精微，所以能治疗中风导致的痰涎潮盛，这是对症的。这是利用其化气，而不是以金克木去侮其所胜。铜青涂在木头上入水不腐，是因为木为金之匹偶，因木得金之媾合，从而裕养其化气；水为金之子，因金已媾合于木，水更孕育其子气。生化归于一气，所以不被水腐蚀。其能明目的原因，在于肝窍开于木，又主风烂眼泪出，总不离治疗血脏之风。此品从金所吐出的精液来治疗木的病损，用来疗治风脏的血病，没有比这更亲切贴切的了。所以《别录》首先记载它能治疗妇人血气心痛。另外按：各种疳证都是脾胃病，是体内津液亡失所致。小儿肾阴原本不足，只依赖脾阴与胃阳表里配合，作为生化之地。疳证的发生，是因为种种因素损伤了脾阴，导致胃阳独亢。此时应当大补脾阴，又要理会阳生阴长的奥妙，使阴气充裕，有化生的本源。足三阴经同起于下，而脾阴的补益，难以在短时间内见效，需要少量配合肾肝药物，作为益脾阴的基础，这样才可能奏效。
Copper comes in various colors, including red, white, and green. Only the red copper is used for medicinal purposes. The copper filings are those that fall off during hammering, or they can be obtained by heating red copper in fire and quenching it in water, causing them to detach naturally.
(Li Shizhen)
Taste: Bitter; Nature: Neutral. Its therapeutic effects are the same as those of Ziran Tong (Natural Pyrite). It can weld human bones. For livestock with injuries, grind the copper filings finely and administer with wine. The medicinal power enters directly into the damaged bone area. After the animal dies, examine the bone; welding marks can still be seen for verification. (Su Gong) When used together with Wubeizi (Galla Chinensis), it can dye beard and hair black.
[Processing] Wash clean with water, stir-fry in a clay pot with good-quality wine until sparks appear, then take out, grind into powder, and use. Hammered refined copper is unsuitable for use.
This refers to the green substance formed on copper vessels, also known as Tongqing (Copper Green), which is the essence of copper. It forms on both raw and refined copper. Recently, some produce this green substance by treating raw copper with vinegar.
Taste: Sour; Nature: Neutral. It treats wind-phlegm, brightens the eyes, treats heart pain due to blood and qi disorders in women, heals metal wounds, stops bleeding, treats malignant sores and gan sores (nutritional deficiency ulcers), and kills parasites. This is the condensation of copper's liquid qi. It is sour and slightly toxic, entering the Liver and Gallbladder meridians. Therefore, its ability to induce vomiting of wind-phlegm, brighten the eyes, and kill gan parasites all relate to treating diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder. Applying Tongqing to wood prevents rotting even when submerged in water. For conditions involving excessive phlegm-saliva, sudden aphasia due to stroke, and all types of wind-paralysis, take two liang of raw Tongqing, grind finely, dissolve in water, remove impurities, and slowly boil dry. Prepare the formula on Chen day, at Chen hour, facing Chen direction. Grind again, add one fen of Shexiang (Musk), and form pills the size of bean shoots using glutinous rice paste. Dry in the shade. For sudden stroke, divide one pill into two doses, taken with mint-infused wine. For other wind-paralysis symptoms, take with Cinnabar-infused wine. The patient will vomit greenish-blue phlegm and excrete foul matter, showing great efficacy. For pediatric cases, use Lvyun Dan (Green Cloud Pill). Take an unspecified amount of Tongqing, grind into powder, and form pills the size of euryale seeds using vinegar and flour paste. Administer one pill dissolved in mint-infined wine per dose. Within moments, the child will vomit glue-like phlegm, showing miraculous effects. For Zouma Yagan (gangrenous stomatitis), mix one qian of calcined white scale from urine buckets, three fen of Tongqing, and one and a half fen of Shexiang, apply externally for immediate cure. For Bi Gan (nasal gangrene), use Qingjin San (Blue Gold Powder): mix one qian each of Tongqing and Mingfan (Alumen Ustums), grind into fine powder. Apply a small amount under the nose each time. Another formula, Lanxiang San, uses two qian of ash from burned Lanxiang leaves (a vegetable name), half a qian of Tongqing, and two qian of Qingfen (Calomel), ground into a fine uniform powder. Apply dry to the sore according to its size. Note: Tongqing's treatment of gan sores addresses the condition where Earth deficiency leads to Wood overacting (Spleen deficiency with Liver excess). Here, only the acute branch symptoms are treated.
[Discussion] Copper is born from the Yin Qi within Earth. The green color is the manifestation of its essence condensing and emerging outward. When copper remains in the ground for a long time or is irrigated with salty and sour substances, green grows. This allows the acridity within sourness to reach the Lung, thereby facilitating the sourness within acridity to enter the Liver. It is precisely through the Lung receiving the transforming Qi of the Liver that it enters the Liver to exert the function of the Lung. (Chen Zimeng, cited by Zhang Jiebin) In the human body, the Lung belongs to Metal, and the Liver belongs to Wood. The Lung prefers sour astringency, while the Liver prefers acrid dispersion. This is the primordial mechanism of Metal and Wood interacting. Copper is inherently a Metal category. Now, using vinegar to generate green represents Metal interacting with Wood and expelling its essence. (Why does Copper interact specifically with Wood among the Five Metals? Generally, Gold is the leader of the Five Metals, and Copper is similar to Gold, hence the character structure 'Jin' + 'Tong'.) Interacting with Wood transforms its essence and subtlety, thus effectively treating excessive phlegm-saliva caused by wind-stroke. This utilizes its transforming Qi, rather than using Metal to overcome Wood and insult what it conquers. When Tongqing is applied to wood and resists water corrosion, it is because Wood is the counterpart of Metal. Through Metal-Wood interaction, Wood enriches its transforming Qi. Water is the child of Metal. Since Metal has interacted with Wood, Water further nurtures its child Qi. Life generation and transformation return to one Qi, hence it is not corroded by water. Its ability to brighten the eyes stems from the fact that the Liver orifice opens to Wood, and it primarily treats wind-induced ulceration and tearing, always addressing wind in the Blood organ. This product uses the essence expelled from Metal to treat Wood pathology and nourishes the Blood of the Wind organ, with no more appropriate method than this. Hence, *Ben Cao Jing Jiu Yi* (*Classic of Materia Medica*) first records its ability to treat heart pain due to blood and qi disorders in women. Furthermore, all gan syndromes are Spleen and Stomach diseases, resulting from the loss of internal fluids. Children's Kidney Yin is originally insufficient, relying solely on the interplay between Spleen Yin and Stomach Yang as the basis for life generation. The onset of gan syndrome occurs because various factors damage Spleen Yin, causing Stomach Yang to hyperactive alone. At this point, it is necessary to greatly tonify Spleen Yin, while also understanding the subtlety of "Yang generating Yin" to ensure sufficient Yin and a source of transformation. The Three Foot-Yin meridians originate from below, but the benefit of Spleen Yin is difficult to achieve quickly. It is advisable to combine small amounts of Kidney and Liver herbs to support the foundation of benefiting Spleen Yin, so that efficacy may eventually be achieved.