出武都山者。（今阶州）纯而无杂。其赤如鸡冠。光明煜煜。乃可用。其但纯黄似雌黄
。色无光者。不任作仙药。可合理病药耳。（抱朴子） 雄黄生山之阳。生山阴者为雌黄。
气温。味苦辛。有毒。（按性温而不热。何毒之有。若服食家伏火者则有毒。）气味俱浓。
升也。阳也。入足阳明足厥阴经。秉火金之性。得正阳之气以生。察其功用。应是辛苦温之
药。本经别录言甘寒者非也。本经主寒热鼠 。恶疮疽痔死肌。杀精物恶鬼邪气百虫毒。诸
本草治鼻中 肉。及绝筋破骨。百节中大风。积聚癖气。中恶腹痛鬼疰。风邪癫痫岚瘴。一
切虫兽毒。杀诸蛇虺毒。搜肝气。泻肝风。消痰积。治饮酒成癖。化腹中瘀血。杀劳虫疳虫。
入肝经气分。故肝风肝气。惊痫痰涎。及头痛眩晕。暑疟泄痢。积聚诸病。用之有殊功。又
能化血为水。（濒湖） 虞雍公暑痢。连月不瘥。忽梦至一处。见如仙官者延之坐。壁间有
药方云。暑毒在脾。湿气连脚。不泄则痢。不痢则疟。独炼雄黄。蒸饼和药。别作治疗。医
家大错。公依方用雄黄水飞九度。竹筒盛。蒸七次。研末。蒸饼和丸梧子大。每甘草汤下七
丸。日三服愈。（夷坚志） 周礼。疡医疗疡。以五毒攻之。康成注云。医方有五毒之药。
作之合黄 。（即今有盖瓦合）置石胆丹砂雄黄矾石磁石其中。烧之三日夜。其烟上着。鸡
羽扫取以注疮。恶肉破骨则尽出也。杨 少时。疡生于颊。连齿辅车外。肿若覆瓯。溃出脓
血。痛楚。百疗不瘥。依郑法烧药注之。少顷朽骨连牙溃出。其效若此。（颂）同红白药子
白芨白蔹乳香没药冰片。敷一切肿痛痈疽。研末入猪胆内。套指头上。治天蛇疔毒发于中指。
同金头蜈蚣牛角 猪悬蹄 皮象牙末黄蜡白矾。治通肠漏。同漆叶苦参刺蒺藜白芷荆芥天麻
鳖虱胡麻半枝莲 百部天冬。治大麻风眉毛脱落。偏头风痛。因肝风者。用雄黄细辛等分
为末。每以一字吹鼻。左痛吹右。右痛吹左。此方用于寒冬及春寒未透之候更宜。胁下 癖。
及伤饮食。煮黄丸。用雄黄一两。巴豆五钱。同研。入白面二两。滴水为丸。梧子大。每服
二十四丸。浆水煮三十沸。入冷浆水沉冷吞下。以利为度。如神。症瘕积聚。雄黄二两为末。
水飞九度。入新竹筒内。以蒸饼一块塞口。蒸七度。用好粉脂一两。和丸绿豆大。每服七丸
。酒下。日三服。结阴便血。雄黄不拘多少。入枣内。线系定。煎汤。用铅一两化汁。倾入
汤内同煮。自早至晚。不住添沸汤。取出为末。共枣杵和丸。梧子大。每服三十丸。煎黑铅
汤空心下。只三服止。小儿痘疔。雄黄一钱。紫草三钱。为末。胭脂汁调。先以银簪挑破搽
之。极妙。
〔论〕 丹方鉴源云。雄黄千年。化为黄金。别录云。山有金。金精重则生雌黄。若是
则生山之阳者为雄。禀金之气也。生山之阴者为雌。孕金之精也。夫金禀中宫阴己之气。而
其气却资始于阳。雄黄于金。虽未全其化气。然已赋其始气。缪氏所谓禀火金之性。得正阳
之气以生。斯言中矣。正阳之义若何。曰。天一之壬水召丁。乃丙随于丁。而心以成。丙火
召辛。庚又随于辛。而肺以成。然则人身之气。非火召金而金应火。以为正阳之气乎。雄黄
适得阳气之正。而非其偏者。然正阳之气。又非离于阴者也。如丙之召辛。辛之归丙。本以
一气相感应。此品得其气。而味始辛后苦。是固阴之归于阳也。其色如鸡冠。而明彻有光。
又阳之化乎阴也。用以治疗诸疾。协于同气之阴阳。则相合而化以为理。值于戾气之阴阳。
即以其化而理者并化其戾。更化其戾而毒者矣。（修真家借以合丹。正为化阴以归阳。取其
还于一也。非离阴以存阳。致其累于偏也。）观此味能散风毒。伤寒阴毒。伏暑毒。湿热毒。
辛毒。积热毒。使非召阴以归。化阴以行。安能咸宜若是哉。然则海藏何止以搜肝风为言。
曰。出地之风。乃元气之别使也。火之召金而布天气者。不能外于风木。金之从火而归地气
者。亦不外于风木。故曰一阴为独使也。（雄黄疗肝风。其自阳召阴。是能治风淫。其由阳
化阴。是能治风虚。但从其所主之剂何如耳。）如在下。水中之火有金。为一阴化原而使其
上。在上。火中之水有金。又为一阴化原而使其下。能上则火金合而气布也。能下则水金合
而血化也。是金之所媾。本不外木。木之所媾。本不离金。况庚之随辛者。还即召乙。如之
何不专言肝乎。（方治如中风呕吐。鼻衄头痛。香港脚。破伤风癫痫。种种皆系于肝。又如痰
饮喘症吐利。及胀满积聚胃脘之走气。 癖瘀血及虫。或由气以病液。或由血以壅癖。皆不
外于血脏之肝。）本经所主寒热鼠 。恶疮疽痔。固皆戾气之病于血者。遇正阳之气而自化。
即推之死肌鼻 。暨绝筋破骨。亦因正阳之气以归真阴。所谓非其种者。自锄而去之矣。更
若百虫蛇虺之必辟。固以气相制伏之理。至于能辟精物邪魅者。以精物邪魅。皆幽阴之气不
化。如五行中禀正阳之气。则亦以阳明之气伏之矣。（如谵妄之太一备急散。太一神精丹。
八毒赤丸。雄朱散。皆治尸疰等症。而用雄黄更专。可见此味果得阳气之正。能化幽阴邪气
也。）
〔辨治〕 形块如丹砂。明彻不夹石者真。有青黑色而坚者名熏黄。形色似真而气臭者
名臭黄。并不入服食。只可疗疮疥。其臭以醋洗之便去。最足乱真。宜辨。取透明色鲜红质
嫩者。研如飞尘。水飞数次。
出自武都山的雄黄。（今阶州地区）质地纯净无杂质。其颜色红得像鸡冠一样，光泽明亮耀眼，这才可以使用。那些只是纯黄色类似雌黄、色泽没有光泽的，不能用来制作仙药，只适合用于调理疾病药物罢了。（《抱朴子》）
雄黄生长在山南向阳处，生长在山北背阴处的则是雌黄。其性温，味苦、辛，有毒。（按：其性虽温但并不热，为何说有毒？如果是服食家进行“伏火”处理则有毒。）气味浓厚，主升，属阳。入足阳明胃经和足厥阴肝经。禀受火与金的性质，得正阳之气而生。考察其功用，应当是辛苦温性质的药物。《本经》和《别录》说它甘寒是错误的。《本经》主治寒热、鼠瘰（淋巴结结核）、恶疮、疽痔、死肌，能杀精物、恶鬼邪气及百虫毒。历代本草记载治疗鼻中息肉，以及断筋破骨、百节中风邪、积聚癖气、中恶腹痛、鬼疰、风邪癫痫、岚瘴、一切虫兽毒、杀诸蛇虺毒。能搜肝气，泻肝风，消痰积，治饮酒成癖，化腹中瘀血，杀劳虫、疳虫。入肝经气分，所以肝风、肝气引起的惊痫痰涎，以及头痛眩晕、暑疟、泄痢、积聚等病，使用它有特殊功效。又能化血为水。（李时珍《濒湖集简方》）
虞雍公患暑天痢疾，连续一个月不好。忽然梦见到一个地方，见像仙官的人请他坐下。墙壁上有药方写着：“暑毒在脾，湿气连脚，不泄则痢，不痢则疟。”单独炼制雄黄，用蒸饼和药，另作治疗。医生们大错特错。虞公依方将雄黄用水飞法研磨九次，装入竹筒，蒸七次，研成粉末，用蒸饼和丸如梧桐子大。每次用甘草汤送服七丸，每日三次服用而愈。（《夷坚志》）
《周礼》记载，疡医治疗疮疡，用五毒攻之。郑康成注释说：医方中有五毒之药，制作时配合黄丹（即今有盖瓦合）。将石胆、丹砂、雄黄、矾石、磁石放在其中，烧三天三夜，其烟上升附着在物体上，用鸡羽扫取涂抹于疮口，恶肉破骨就能全部排出。杨介年轻时，面颊生疮，牵连牙齿和辅车穴外，肿胀像倒扣的盆，溃烂流出脓血，疼痛难忍，各种疗法无效。依照郑法烧药涂抹，一会儿朽骨连着牙齿溃出，效果如此。（苏颂《本草图经》）
同红白药子、白芨、白蔹、乳香、没药、冰片一起，敷治一切肿痛痈疽。研末放入猪胆内，套在手指头上，治天蛇疔毒发于中指。同金头蜈蚣、牛角、猪悬蹄皮、象牙末、黄蜡、白矾一起，治通肠漏。同漆叶、苦参、刺蒺藜、白芷、荆芥、天麻、鳖虱、胡麻、半枝莲、百部、天冬一起，治大麻风眉毛脱落、偏头风痛。因肝风引起的，用雄黄、细辛等分为末，每次取一字量吹鼻，左痛吹右，右痛吹左。此方在寒冬及春寒未透之时更适宜。胁下癖块，以及伤饮食，煮黄丸。用雄黄一两，巴豆五钱，同研，加入白面二两，滴水为丸，梧桐子大。每次服二十四丸，浆水煮三十沸，放入冷浆水中沉冷后吞下，以利为度。如神效。症瘕积聚，雄黄二两为末，水飞九次，入新竹筒内，以一块蒸饼塞口，蒸七次，用好粉脂一两，和丸绿豆大。每次服七丸，酒送下，每日三次。结阴便血，雄黄不拘多少，放入枣内，线系定，煎汤。用铅一两化汁，倾入汤内同煮，从早到晚，不断添加沸汤。取出为末，共枣杵和丸，梧桐子大。每次服三十丸，煎黑铅汤空腹送下，仅三次即止。小儿痘疔，雄黄一钱，紫草三钱，为末。胭脂汁调匀，先用银簪挑破患处搽之，极妙。
〔论〕 《丹方鉴源》说：雄黄千年，化为黄金。《别录》说：山有金，金精重则生雌黄。若是这样，那么生长在山南向阳处的是雄，禀受金之气；生长在山北背阴处的是雌，孕育金之精。金禀受中宫阴己之气，而其气却起始于阳。雄黄对于金来说，虽然未完全化成气，但已赋予其始气。缪氏所谓禀火金之性，得正阳之气而生，这话很对。正阳的含义是什么？曰：天一之壬水召丁，于是丙随丁，心由此而成；丙火召辛，庚又随辛，肺由此而成。那么人身之气，不是火召金而金应火，以此作为正阳之气吗？雄黄恰好得到阳气之正，而非其偏者。然而正阳之气，又不是离开阴的。比如丙召辛，辛归丙，本来是以一气相感应。此品得其气，而味始辛后苦，这确实是阴归于阳。其色如鸡冠，而明彻有光，又是阳化乎阴。用以治疗诸疾，协合同气之阴阳，则相合而化以为理。遇到戾气之阴阳，就以其化而理者并化其戾，再化其戾而为毒者了。（修真家借以合丹，正是为了化阴以归阳，取其还于一也，并非离阴以存阳，导致偏累。）观此味能散风毒、伤寒阴毒、伏暑毒、湿热毒、辛毒、积热毒，若非召阴以归、化阴以行，怎么能如此咸宜呢？然而海藏何首乌何止以搜肝风而言？曰：出地之风，乃元气之别使也。火之召金而布天气者，不能外于风木；金之从火而归地气者，亦不外于风木。故曰一阴为独使也。（雄黄疗肝风，其自阳召阴，是能治风淫；其由阳化阴，是能治风虚。但从其所主之剂何如耳。）如下在下，水中之火有金，为一阴化原而使其上；在上，火中之水有金，又为一阴化原而使其下。能上则火金合而气布也；能下则水金合而血化也。是金之所媾，本不外木；木之所媾，本不离金。况且庚之随辛者，还即召乙，如何不专言肝呢？（方治如中风呕吐、鼻衄、头痛、香港脚、破伤风癫痫，种种皆系于肝。又如痰饮喘症吐利，及胀满积聚、胃脘之走气、癖瘀血及虫，或由气以病液，或由血以壅癖，皆不外于血脏之肝。）《本经》所主寒热、鼠瘰、恶疮、疽痔，固皆戾气之病于血者，遇正阳之气而自化。即推之死肌、鼻息肉、暨绝筋破骨，亦因正阳之气以归真阴，所谓非其种者，自锄而去之矣。更若百虫蛇虺之必辟，固以气相制伏之理。至于能辟精物邪魅者，以精物邪魅，皆幽阴之气不化，如五行中禀正阳之气，则亦以阳明之气伏之矣。（如谵妄之太一备急散、太一神精丹、八毒赤丸、雄朱散，皆治尸疰等症，而用雄黄更专，可见此味果得阳气之正，能化幽阴邪气也。）
〔辨治〕 形状如丹砂，明彻不夹杂石头的为真品。有青黑色而坚硬的名为熏黄，形色似真而气臭的名为臭黄，都不入服食，只可疗疮疥。其臭味以醋洗之便去。最足以乱真，应当辨别。取透明色鲜红质嫩的，研如飞尘，水飞数次。
Aorus realgar (Realgar) from Wudu Mountain. (Currently Jiezhou region) It is pure without impurities. Its color is red like a rooster's comb, bright and shining with luster, which can be used. Those that are purely yellow similar to pararealgar (Pararealgar), lacking luster, cannot be used to make elixirs but are suitable only for medicinal preparations treating diseases. (*Baopuzi*)
Aorus realgar grows on the sunny (south-facing) side of mountains; what grows on the shady (north-facing) side is pararealgar. Its nature is warm, taste bitter and acrid, and it is toxic. (Note: Although its nature is warm, it is not hot; why is it said to be toxic? If processed by alchemists through "fire-subduing" methods, it becomes toxic.) The aroma and flavor are dense. It ascends and belongs to Yang. It enters the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian and Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It inherits the nature of Fire and Metal, born from the Qi of True Yang. Examining its functions, it should be considered a medicine with acrid, bitter, and warm properties. *Shennong Bencao Jing* and *Bencao Bie Lu* stating it is sweet and cold is incorrect. *Shennong Bencao Jing* states it treats chills and fever, scrofula (Scrofula, lymph node tuberculosis), malignant sores, carbuncles, hemorrhoids, and necrotic tissue; it kills spirits, evil ghosts, pathogenic Qi, and toxins from hundred insects. Later Materia Medica records treat nasal polyps, sever tendons, break bones, wind-dampness in all joints, accumulations and masses, sudden poisoning with abdominal pain, ghost consumption, wind-pathogen epilepsy, miasma, all insect and beast toxins, and kill snake venoms. It searches out Liver Qi, drains Liver Wind, resolves phlegm accumulations, treats alcoholism, transforms blood stasis in the abdomen, kills wasting-thirst parasites and childhood malnutrition parasites. Entering the Qi level of the Liver Meridian, it has special efficacy for conditions caused by Liver Wind and Liver Qi such as fright-epilepsy with phlegm-saliva, headache, vertigo, summer-malaria, dysentery, and various accumulations. It can also transform blood into water. (Li Shizhen, *Binhu Jipu*)
Yu Yonggong suffered from summer dysentery that did not heal for over a month. He suddenly dreamed of going to a place where an immortal-like figure invited him to sit. On the wall was a prescription: "Summer-toxin resides in the Spleen, dampness connects to the feet; if not discharged via diarrhea, it becomes dysentery; if not dysentery, it becomes malaria." Refine Aorus realgar alone, mix with steamed dough pills, and treat differently. Doctors were greatly mistaken. Yu followed the prescription: washed Aorus realgar nine times with water, placed it in a bamboo tube, steamed it seven times, ground it into powder, mixed with steamed dough to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Each time, take seven pills with Licorice decoction, three times a day, resulting in cure. (*Yijian Zhi*)
*Rites of Zhou* records that surgeons treat ulcers using five poisons to attack them. Zheng Kangcheng annotated: Medical formulas contain five-poison medicines. Prepared by combining Yellow Dan (Lead Oxide, i.e., current covered tile crucible). Place Lithium Chloride (Shidan), Cinnabar (Dansha), Aorus realgar, Alum (Fanshi), and Magnetite (Cishi) inside. Burn for three days and nights. The smoke rises and adheres to objects; sweep it off with a chicken feather and apply to the sore. Evil flesh and broken bone will all be expelled. When Yang Jie was young, an ulcer grew on his cheek, extending to the outside of the teeth and Fuche point (Ex-HN 9), swelling like an inverted bowl, ulcerating with pus and blood, causing severe pain. Various treatments failed. Following Zheng’s method of burning the medicine and applying it, rotten bone and teeth were expelled shortly after, showing such efficacy. (Su Song, *Bencao Tujing*)
Combined with Hongbai Yaozi (Red and White Drug Seeds), Bletilla Rhizome (Baiji), Peucedanum Root (Baijian), Frankincense (Ruxiang), Myrrh (Moyao), and Borneol (Bingpian), applied externally for all swelling, pain, and carbuncles. Ground into powder, placed inside a pig gallbladder, and fitted onto the finger to treat Tian She Ding Toxin (Snake-shaped Ding toxin) appearing on the middle finger. Combined with Golden-headed Centipede (Jintou Wugong), Cow Horn (Niujiao), Pig Suspended Hoof Skin (Zhu Xuantui Pi), Ivory Powder (Xiangya Mo), Yellow Wax (Huangla), and Alum (Baifan), treated fistula connecting to the intestine. Combined with Lacquer Leaf (Qiyе), Sophora Root (Kushen), Tribulus Fruit (Ciji Li), Angelica Dahurica (Baizhi), Schizonepeta (Jingjie), Gastrodia (Tianma), Turtle Louse (Bieshi), Sesame Seed (Huma), Scutellaria Barbata (Ban Zhilian), Stemona Root (Baibu), and Asparagus Tuber (Tian Dong), treated Leprosy (Big Hemp Wind) with eyebrow loss and hemimigraine. For those caused by Liver Wind, use equal parts Aorus realgar and Asarum (Xixin) ground into powder. Blow one "yi" (approx. 0.5g) into the nose; if left side hurts, blow right; if right side hurts, blow left. This formula is especially suitable during deep winter or when spring cold has not fully dissipated. For hypochondriac masses and food stagnation, prepare Boiled Yellow Pills. Use two qian of Aorus realgar and five qian of Croton Seed (Badou), grind together, add two liang of white flour, drop water to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take twenty-four pills each time, boil in grain vinegar water for thirty boils, sink in cold vinegar water, swallow while cold. Stop when purged. Miraculous effect. For mass and accumulation, use two liang of Aorus realgar ground into powder, washed with water nine times, placed in a new bamboo tube, sealed with a piece of steamed dough, steamed seven times. Mix with one liang of fine powder fat, form pills the size of mung beans. Take seven pills each time with wine, three times a day. For Yin-binding rectal bleeding, use unspecified amount of Aorus realgar, place inside a jujube, tie securely with thread, decoct in water. Melt one liang of Lead (Qian), pour into the decoction, cook together from morning to night, continuously adding boiling water. Remove, grind into powder, pound together with jujubes to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take thirty pills each time with Black Lead decoction on an empty stomach. Stops after only three doses. For infantile smallpox pustules, use one qian of Aorus realgar and three qian of Arnebia Root (Zicao), grind into powder. Mix with Red Ochre juice (Yanzhi Zhi), first puncture with a silver needle, then apply. Extremely effective.
[Discussion] *Danfang Jianyuan* states: Realgar turns into Gold after a thousand years. *Bencao Bie Lu* states: Where there is metal in the mountain, heavy metal essence generates Pararealgar. Thus, what grows on the sunny side is Male (Xiong), inheriting Metal Qi; what grows on the shady side is Female (Ci), gestating Metal Essence. Metal inherits the Yin Ji Qi of the Central Palace, yet its Qi originates from Yang. Realgar, regarding Metal, although not fully transformed into Qi, has already endowed its initial Qi. Miu’s statement that it inherits the nature of Fire and Metal and is born from the Qi of True Yang is accurate. What is the meaning of True Yang? It is said: Ren Water of Tian Yi summons Ding Fire, then Bing Fire follows Ding, forming the Heart; Bing Fire summons Xin Metal, then Geng Metal follows Xin, forming the Lung. Therefore, the Qi of the human body is not Fire summoning Metal and Metal responding to Fire, thereby constituting the Qi of True Yang? Realgar恰恰 obtains the Correctness of Yang Qi, not its deviation. However, the Qi of True Yang does not depart from Yin. Just as Bing summons Xin and Xin returns to Bing, they originally respond to each other as one Qi. This substance obtains this Qi, and its taste begins acrid and ends bitter, which is indeed Yin returning to Yang. Its color is like a rooster's comb, bright and clear with light, which is Yang transforming within Yin. Used to treat various diseases, it cooperates with the Yin-Yang of same Qi, merging and transforming into regulation. Encountering the Yin-Yang of Pathogenic Qi, it uses its regulatory transformation to transform the pathogenic Qi, further transforming toxicity. (Alchemists borrow it to combine elixirs, precisely to transform Yin to return to Yang, seeking unity, not separating Yin to preserve Yang, causing bias.) Observing that this taste can disperse Wind-Toxin, Cold-Damage Yin-Toxin, Hidden Summer-Toxin, Damp-Heat-Toxin, Acrid-Toxin, and Accumulated Heat-Toxin, if it did not summon Yin to return and transform Yin to move, how could it be universally suitable? Yet Haizang (He Shouwu) only spoke of searching Liver Wind? It is said: Wind emerging from the earth is the special envoy of Original Qi. Fire summoning Metal to distribute Heavenly Qi cannot exist outside Wind-Wood; Metal following Fire to return Earthly Qi also cannot exist outside Wind-Wood. Hence, it is said One Yin is the sole envoy. (Realgar treating Liver Wind: its summoning Yin from Yang treats Wind-Excess; its transforming Yin from Yang treats Wind-Deficiency. It depends on the formula it is prescribed in.) If below, Fire within Water contains Metal, becoming the origin of One Yin to ascend it; if above, Water within Fire contains Metal, again becoming the origin of One Yin to descend it. Ascending means Fire and Metal merge and Qi distributes; descending means Water and Metal merge and Blood transforms. Thus, the coupling of Metal essentially involves Wood; the coupling of Wood essentially involves Metal. Moreover, Geng following Xin still summons Yi Wood. How can one speak exclusively of the Liver? (Formulas treating stroke vomiting, epistaxis, headache, gout, tetanus, epilepsy, etc., are all related to the Liver. Similarly, phlegm-fluid wheezing, vomiting/diarrhea, distension/accumulation, wandering Qi in the epigastrium, masses, blood stasis, and parasites, whether caused by Qi affecting fluids or Blood obstructing masses, do not depart from the Blood-Zang Liver.) *Shennong Bencao Jing* stating it treats chills/fever, scrofula, malignant sores, carbuncles, hemorrhoids, these are indeed diseases of pathogenic Qi in the Blood. Meeting the Qi of True Yang, they transform spontaneously. Extending to necrotic tissue, nasal polyps, and severing tendons/breaking bones, it is also due to the Qi of True Yang returning to True Yin, saying "those not of its kind, remove them themselves." Furthermore, repelling hundred insects and snakes is naturally due to the principle of Qi controlling Qi. Regarding repelling spirits and demons, since spirits and demons are untransformed Yin-Nether Qi, inheriting the Qi of True Yang among the Five Elements, it subdues them with Yangming Qi. (Such as Taiyi Beiji San, Taiyi Shenjing Dan, Badu Chi Wan, Xiongzhu San for delirium, all treating corpse-gas consumption, but using Realgar is more specific, showing this substance indeed obtains the Correctness of Yang Qi and can transform Nether-Yin pathogenic Qi.)
[Differentiation and Treatment] Shapes like Cinnabar, bright and clear without stone admixture are genuine. Those that are dark green-black and hard are named Smoked Realgar (Xunhuang); those resembling genuine in shape/color but having a foul odor are named Stinking Realgar (Chouhuang). Neither is used for internal administration/elixirs, only for treating skin sores and scabies. The foul odor is removed by washing with vinegar. Most capable of deceiving the eye, differentiation is necessary. Select transparent, fresh red, tender texture, grind like flying dust, wash with water several times.