经曰∶面目发黄，小溲赤涩，安静嗜卧者，黄瘅也。此系脾有积湿，故倦怠嗜卧；胃有积热，故发黄溺赤。但湿
郁内生，热邪外感，故内经有开鬼门、洁净府之法。开鬼门者，开其腠理，使热邪从肌表出也；洁
净府者，泻其膀胱，使湿邪从小便出也。然外感之热，可从汗解，若阳明内蕴之热，发汗则劫阴，
而内热更甚，只宜清胃热，利脾湿，而汗吐下之法均不可用矣。至于阳黄、阴黄、谷瘅、酒瘅、女
劳瘅，种种不同，见证旋治，条列于后。
面目发黄，口燥而渴，小溲赤涩，胃火炽盛，湿热熏蒸，是为阳黄，导黄汤主之。
导黄汤（自制）
葛根（二钱） 花粉（二钱） 山栀（一钱五分） 连翘（一钱五分） 木通（二钱）
茵陈（三钱） 萆 （二钱） 茯苓（二钱） 泽泻（一钱五分） 车前（二钱） 苡仁（一两
煎汤代水）
面目发黄，身冷不渴，小便微黄而利，此为阴黄，茵陈术附汤主之。
茵陈术附汤（自制）
茵陈（三钱） 白术（二钱） 附子（一钱） 茯苓（二钱） 当归（二钱）
广皮（一钱） 半夏（一钱） 砂仁（一钱） 苡仁（八钱） 姜皮（八分）
谷瘅者，脾胃不和，食谷则眩，谷气不消，胃中浊气下流，小便不通，湿热入于膀胱，身体尽
黄，名曰谷瘅，和中茵陈汤主之。
和中茵陈汤（自制）
当归（二钱） 茯苓（二钱） 白术（一钱） 广皮（一钱） 浓朴（一钱）
木香（五分） 砂仁（一钱） 茅术（一钱） 山栀（一钱五分） 茵陈（三钱） 萆 （二
钱） 车前（二钱） 生谷芽（二钱） 熟谷芽（二钱） 生苡仁（五钱） 熟苡仁（五钱
煎汤代水）
《内经》说：面目发黄，小便短少且颜色深红、排尿不畅，神志安静但喜欢躺卧的，是黄瘅病。这是因为脾脏有湿邪积聚，所以身体疲倦、嗜睡；胃中有热邪积聚，所以导致皮肤发黄、小便颜色深红。然而，湿邪郁结于体内产生，加上外感的热邪侵袭，所以《内经》提出了“开鬼门”和“洁净府”的治疗方法。“开鬼门”，就是打开腠理（皮肤毛孔），使热邪从肌表散发出去；“洁净府”，就是通利膀胱，使湿邪从小便排出。但是，如果是外感的热邪，可以通过发汗来解除；若是阳明经内部蕴积的热邪，如果强行发汗则会耗伤阴液，导致内热更加严重，此时只适宜清泻胃热、利除湿气，而发汗、催吐、攻下这三种方法都不可使用。至于阳黄、阴黄、谷瘅、酒瘅、女劳瘅等，各种类型各不相同，需根据具体证候进行治疗，详细列举如下。
面目发黄，口干燥且口渴，小便短赤涩痛，这是胃火炽盛，湿热熏蒸所致，属于阳黄，用导黄汤主治。
导黄汤（自制方）
葛根（二钱） 天花粉（二钱） 山栀子（一钱五分） 连翘（一钱五分） 木通（二钱）
茵陈（三钱） 萆薢（二钱） 茯苓（二钱） 泽泻（一钱五分） 车前子（二钱） 薏苡仁（一两，煎汤代替水）
面目发黄，身体发冷且不口渴，小便微黄且通畅，这是阴黄，用茵陈术附汤主治。
茵陈术附汤（自制方）
茵陈（三钱） 白术（二钱） 附子（一钱） 茯苓（二钱） 当归（二钱）
陈皮（一钱） 半夏（一钱） 砂仁（一钱） 薏苡仁（八钱） 姜皮（八分）
谷瘅，是由于脾胃功能不和，进食后感到头晕目眩，食物之气不能消化，胃中的浊气向下流注，导致小便不通畅，湿热之邪侵入膀胱，全身皮肤尽皆发黄，这种病症称为谷瘅，用和中茵陈汤主治。
和中茵陈汤（自制方）
当归（二钱） 茯苓（二钱） 白术（一钱） 陈皮（一钱） 厚朴（一钱）
木香（五分） 砂仁（一钱） 苍术（一钱） 山栀子（一钱五分） 茵陈（三钱） 萆薢（二钱） 车前子（二钱） 生谷芽（二钱） 熟谷芽（二钱） 生薏苡仁（五钱） 熟薏苡仁（五钱，煎汤代替水）
The *Neijing* (Inner Canon) states: When the face and eyes turn yellow, urine is scanty, dark red, and difficult to pass, and the patient remains quiet but prefers lying down, this is termed Huangdan (Jaundice). This condition arises from dampness accumulating in the Spleen, causing fatigue and drowsiness; and heat accumulating in the Stomach, leading to yellowing of the skin and dark urine. However, since dampness stagnates internally while heat pathogens are contracted externally, the *Neijing* prescribes the methods of "opening the ghost gate" (Kai Guimen) and "purifying the clean mansion" (Jie Jingfu). "Opening the ghost gate" refers to opening the Couli (skin pores) to allow heat pathogens to exit from the muscle surface; "purifying the clean mansion" refers to draining the Bladder to allow dampness pathogens to exit via urination. Nevertheless, if the heat is externally contracted, it can be resolved through sweating. If, however, the heat is internally stored within the Yangming channel, inducing sweating will consume Yin fluids and exacerbate internal heat. In such cases, one should only clear Stomach heat and promote the diuresis of Spleen dampness; the methods of sweating, vomiting, and purging are all contraindicated. As for Yang Huang (Yang-type Jaundice), Yin Huang (Yin-type Jaundice), Gu Dan (Grain Jaundice), Jiu Dan (Wine Jaundice), and Nu Lao Dan (Female Labor Jaundice), each presents differently. Treatments vary according to specific manifestations, which are listed below.
When the face and eyes turn yellow, accompanied by dry mouth and thirst, scanty dark painful urination, due to blazing Stomach fire and steaming-damp-heat, this is Yang Huang (Yang-type Jaundice), treated primarily with Dao Huang Tang (Yellow-Guiding Decoction).
Dao Huang Tang (Self-made Formula)
Puerariae Radix (Gegen, 2 qian)
Trichosanthis Radix (Huafen, 2 qian)
Gardeniae Fructus (Shanzhi, 1.5 qian)
Forsythiae Fructus (Lianqiao, 1.5 qian)
Akebiae Caulis (Mutong, 2 qian)
Artemisiae Scopariae Herba (Yinchen, 3 qian)
Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma (Bixie, 2 qian)
Poria (Fuling, 2 qian)
Alismatis Rhizoma (Zexie, 1.5 qian)
Plantaginis Seed (Cheqian, 2 qian)
Coicis Semen (Yiren, 1 liang, decocted as water substitute)
When the face and eyes turn yellow, body feels cold without thirst, and urine is slightly yellow yet free-flowing, this is Yin Huang (Yin-type Jaundice), treated primarily with Yinchenshu Fuzi Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae, Atractylodes Macrocephalae, and Aconite Decoction).
Yinchenshu Fuzi Tang (Self-made Formula)
Artemisiae Scopariae Herba (Yinchen, 3 qian)
Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu, 2 qian)
Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi, 1 qian)
Poria (Fuling, 2 qian)
Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui, 2 qian)
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Guangpi, 1 qian)
Pinelliae Tuber (Banxia, 1 qian)
Amomi Fructus Rotundus (Sharen, 1 qian)
Coicis Semen (Yiren, 8 qian)
Zingiberis Cortex (Jiangpi, 8 fen)
Gu Dan (Grain Jaundice) results from disharmony between the Spleen and Stomach. After eating, the patient experiences dizziness; the food qi fails to digest, turbid qi from the Stomach flows downward, causing urinary obstruction. Damp-heat enters the Bladder, causing the entire body to turn yellow. This condition is named Gu Dan (Grain Jaundice) and is treated primarily with Hezhong Yincheng Tang (Harmonizing Middle Artemisiae Scopariae Decoction).
Hezhong Yincheng Tang (Self-made Formula)
Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui, 2 qian)
Poria (Fuling, 2 qian)
Atractylodis Rhizoma (Baizhu, 1 qian)
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Guangpi, 1 qian)
Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Noupu, 1 qian)
Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum (Muxiang, 0.5 qian)
Amomi Fructus Rotundus (Sharen, 1 qian)
Atractylodis Rhizoma (Maoshu/Cangzhu, 1 qian)
Gardeniae Fructus (Shanzhi, 1.5 qian)
Artemisiae Scopariae Herba (Yinchen, 3 qian)
Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma (Bixie, 2 qian)
Plantaginis Seed (Cheqian, 2 qian)
Hordei Fructus Germinatus (Raw Guya, 2 qian)
Hordei Fructus Germinatus (Cooked Guya, 2 qian)
Coicis Semen (Raw Yiren, 5 qian)
Coicis Semen (Cooked Yiren, 5 qian, decocted as water substitute)