（仲景）朴实黄，〔大黄四两，浓朴二两（姜炒），枳实三枚（麸炒）。〕谵狂痞硬上焦强。
（热在上焦则满，在中焦则硬，胃有燥粪则谵语，不用芒硝者，恐伤下焦真阴也。）益以羌
活名三化（汤，）中风闭实可消详。（用承气治二便，加羌活治风，中风体实者可偶用。然涉
虚者多，不可轻投。）
（汤，仲景）硝黄草，〔大黄（酒浸）、芒硝各一两，甘草（炙）五钱。〕甘缓微和将
胃保。（用甘草甘以缓之，微和胃气，勿令大泄下。）不用朴实伤上焦，（不用浓朴、枳实，
恐伤上焦氤氲之气也。）中焦燥实服之好。
（丸，张子和）青陈皮，枳壳柏连棱术随。大黄黑丑兼香附，芒硝水丸量服之。一切实
积能推荡，泻痢食疟用咸宜。〔木香、槟榔、青皮（醋炒）、陈皮、枳壳（炒）、黄柏（酒炒）
、
棱、莪术（并醋煮），各五钱，大黄（酒浸）一两，香附、牵牛各二
两，芒硝，水丸，量虚实服。木香、香附、青、陈、枳壳利气宽肠，黑牵牛、槟榔下气尤速，
气行则无痞满后重之患矣。连、柏燥实清热，棱、莪行气破血，硝、黄去血中伏热，并为推
坚峻品。湿热积滞去，则二便调而三焦通泰矣。盖宿垢不净，清阳终不得升，亦通因通用之
意也。〕
（丸，东垣）首大黄，芩连曲术茯苓襄。泽泻蒸饼糊丸服，湿热积滞力能攘。〔大黄一
两，枳实（麸炒）、黄芩（酒炒）、黄连（酒炒）、神曲（炒）各五钱，白术（土炒）、茯苓三
钱，泽泻二钱，蒸饼糊丸，量虚实服之。大黄、枳实荡热去积，芩、连佐之以清热，苓、泻
佐之以利湿，神曲佐之以消食。又恐苦寒力峻，故加白术补土固中。〕若还后重兼气滞，木
香导滞（丸）加槟榔。
（张仲景的）小承气汤由大黄、厚朴、枳实组成。〔大黄四两，厚朴二两（姜汁炒），枳实三枚（麸皮炒）。〕此方主治热邪壅滞于上焦导致的腹部胀满、痞塞坚硬，以及因胃中有燥屎引起的胡言乱语、神志狂躁。
（如果热邪在上焦则表现为胀满，在中焦则表现为痞硬，胃中有干燥粪便则出现谵语；此处不用芒硝，是担心损伤下焦的真阴。）若加入羌活，则称为三化汤，可详细斟酌用于消除中风闭证实证。（使用承气汤类方剂治疗二便不通，加入羌活以祛风，适用于体质壮实的中风患者偶用。然而中风患者多为虚证，不可轻易投用。）
（张仲景的）调胃承气汤由芒硝、大黄、甘草组成。〔大黄（酒浸）、芒硝各一两，甘草（炙）五钱。〕利用甘草的甘缓之性，微微调和胃气，保护胃腑，防止过度泻下。
（因为不用厚朴、枳实，是担心损伤上焦氤氲流动的清气。）此方适合中焦燥实内结的病证服用。
（张子和的）枳实导滞丸由青皮、陈皮、枳壳、黄柏、黄连、三棱、白术等随证配伍。〔木香、香附、青皮（醋炒）、陈皮、枳壳（炒）、黄柏（酒炒）、三棱、莪术（均醋煮），各五钱，大黄（酒浸）一两，香附、牵牛子各二两，芒硝，制成水泛丸，根据虚实情况定量服用。木香、香附、青皮、陈皮、枳壳能理气宽肠，黑牵牛、槟榔下气速度尤快，气机通畅则无痞满、里急后重的忧患。黄连、黄柏能燥湿清热，三棱、莪术能行气破血，芒硝、大黄能去除血中的伏热，均为推荡坚积的峻猛药物。湿热积滞去除，则二便调畅，三焦通泰。大概宿垢不除，清阳之气终究无法上升，这也体现了“通因通用”的治疗意旨。〕
（李东垣的）枳实导滞丸（注：此处原文指代东垣所创类似方剂或变方，通常指枳实导滞丸加减或相关消导方，但根据药味首字及描述，实为枳实导滞丸的另一种表述或混淆，按原文提取实体即可，此处原文称“首大黄”，实指大黄为君药之一，结合上下文应为枳实导滞丸类方，但为了忠实原文翻译，保留“首大黄”的字面意思，即以大黄为首要药物之一，或者指代该方中大黄的重要性。*修正：仔细核对，东垣枳实导滞丸原方含大黄、枳实、黄芩、黄连、神曲、白术、茯苓、泽泻。原文“首大黄”可能是排版错误或特指大黄为主药。翻译时直译即可*）。此方由大黄、黄芩、黄连、神曲、白术、茯苓等组成。〔大黄一两，枳实（麸炒）、黄芩（酒炒）、黄连（酒炒）、神曲（炒）各五钱，白术（土炒）三钱，茯苓三钱，泽泻二钱，用蒸饼糊作为粘合剂制成丸剂，根据虚实情况定量服用。大黄、枳实能荡涤热邪、去除积滞，黄芩、黄连辅助清热，茯苓、泽泻辅助利湿，神曲辅助消食。又担心苦寒药力过猛，所以加入白术补益脾胃、固护中焦。〕如果还有里急后重兼有气滞症状，可在木香导滞丸基础上加入槟榔。
(Zhang Zhongjing's) Xiao Cheng Qi Tang (Minor Order the Yang Decoction) consists of Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), and Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus). [Dahuang 4 liang, Houpo 2 liang (stir-fried with ginger juice), Zhishi 3 pieces (bran-roasted).] This formula treats abdominal distension, fullness, and hardness caused by heat pathogen stagnating in the upper jiao, as well as delirium and mania resulting from dry feces in the stomach.
(If heat is in the upper jiao, it manifests as fullness; if in the middle jiao, as hardness; if there are dry feces in the stomach, delirium occurs. Mangxiao is not used here to avoid damaging the true yin of the lower jiao.) If Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) is added, it is called San Hua Tang (Three Transformations Decoction), which can be carefully considered for eliminating excess patterns in stroke obstruction. (Using Chengqi formulas to treat constipation and urinary retention, combined with Qianghuo to dispel wind, is suitable for occasional use in patients with robust constitutions suffering from stroke. However, most stroke patients have deficiency patterns, so this should not be administered lightly.)
(Zhang Zhongjing's) Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang (Harmonize the Stomach Order the Yang Decoction) consists of Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas), Dahuang, and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma). [Dahuang 1 liang (soaked in wine), Mangxiao 1 liang, Gancao 5 qian (roasted).] It utilizes the sweet and緩 (moderating) nature of Gancao to slightly harmonize the stomach qi, protect the stomach, and prevent excessive purging.
(Because Houpo and Zhishi are not used, it is to avoid damaging the ethereal qi of the upper jiao.) This formula is suitable for consumption in cases of dryness and excess in the middle jiao.
(Zhang Hezi's) Zhishi Daozhi Wan (Immature Bitter Orange Pill to Guide Out Impacted Food) involves Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Sanleng (Sparganii Rhizoma), and Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), among others. [Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Qingpi 5 qian (vinegar-fried), Chenpi 5 qian, Zhike 5 qian (roasted), Huangbai 5 qian (wine-fried), Sanleng 5 qian, Ezhu (Curcumae Rhizoma, both vinegar-boiled), each 5 qian; Dahuang 1 liang (wine-soaked); Xiangfu 2 liang, Qianniu (Pharbitidis Semen) 2 liang; Mangxiao. Made into water pills, taken in doses according to deficiency or excess. Muxiang, Xiangfu, Qingpi, Chenpi, and Zhike regulate qi and broaden the intestines; Black Qianniu and Binglang (Arecae Semen) descend qi rapidly; when qi flows smoothly, there will be no worry of distension, fullness, or tenesmus. Lian (Huanglian) and Bo (Huangbai) dry dampness and clear heat; Leng (Sanleng) and E (Ezhu) move qi and break blood stasis; Xiao (Mangxiao) and Huang (Dahuang) remove latent heat from the blood; all are harsh agents for pushing out firm accumulations. Once damp-heat and stagnation are removed, bowel movements and urination become regulated, and the three jiao become smooth and unobstructed. Generally, if old filth is not cleared, the clear yang cannot rise; this also embodies the principle of "treating obstruction with draining methods" (Tong Yin Tong Yong).]
(Li Dongyuan's) Formula starting with Dahuang involves Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Huanglian, Shenqu (Massae Fermentatae Medicamentosa), Baizhu, and Fuling (Poria). [Dahuang 1 liang, Zhishi 5 qian (bran-roasted), Huangqin 5 qian (wine-fried), Huanglian 5 qian (wine-fried), Shenqu 5 qian (roasted), Baizhu 3 qian (earth-fried), Fuling 3 qian, Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) 2 qian. Made into pills using steamed cake paste as a binder, taken in doses according to deficiency or excess. Dahuang and Zhishi sweep away heat and remove stagnation; Huangqin and Huanglian assist in clearing heat; Fuling and Zexie assist in promoting diuresis and removing dampness; Shenqu assists in digesting food. Fearing that bitter-cold herbs might be too harsh, Baizhu is added to tonify the spleen and secure the middle jiao.] If there is tenesmus accompanied by qi stagnation, add Binglang to Mu Xiang Dao Zhi Wan (Aucklandia Pill to Guide Out Impacted Food).