徐蔼辉曰∶《金匮》云∶怀身七月，太阴当养。以此见十月养胎之说，其来久矣。
徐之才曰∶妊娠一月名胎胚，足厥阴肝脉养之；二月名始膏，足少阳胆脉养之；三月名始胞，手少阴
心主胞络脉养之；四月始受水精以成血脉，手少阳三焦脉养之；五月始受火精以成气，足太阴脾脉养之；
六月始受金精之气以成筋，足阳明胃脉养之；七月始受木精之气以成骨，手太阴肺脉养之；八月始受土精
之气以成肤革，手阳明大肠脉养之；九月始受石精之气以成毛发，足少阴肾脉养之；十月五脏六腑皆具，俟
时而生。
徐蔼辉曰∶《人镜经》惟手太阳小肠与手少阴心二经不养者，以其上为乳汁，下主月水也。
王孟英按∶此亦道其常耳！有每妊不足月而产者；有必逾期而产者；有先后不等者∶亦不为病也。惟产
不足月，而形有未备，或产虽足月，而儿极萎小者，皆母气不足为病。再有身时，须预为调补，自然充备。余
邻家畜一母鸡，连下数卵，壳皆软。邻以为不祥，欲杀之。余谓此下卵过多，母气虚也。令以糯米、蛇床子饲
之，数日后下卵如常。推之于人，理无二致。
巢元方曰∶妊娠受胎，七日一变。堕胎在三、五、七月者多；在二、四、六月者少。三月属心，五月属
脾，七月属肺，皆属脏，脏为阴，阴常不足，故多堕耳！如在三月堕者，后孕至三月仍堕，以心脉受伤也，
先须调心。五月、七月堕者亦然。唯一月堕者，人不知也。一月属肝，怒则多堕；洗下体，窍开亦堕。一
次即堕，肝脉受伤，下次仍堕。今之无子者，大半是一月堕者，非尽不受胎也。故凡初交后，最宜将息，勿
复交接以扰子宫，勿令劳怒、勿举重、勿洗浴，又多服养肝平气药，则胎固矣。
丹溪曰∶阳施阴化，胎孕以成。血气虚损，不足荣养其胎，则自堕。譬如枝枯则果落，藤萎则花堕。或
劳怒伤情，内火便动，亦能动胎。正如风撼其树，人折其枝也。火能消物，造化自然，《病源》乃谓风冷伤子
脏而堕，未得病情者也。有孕妇至三四月必堕，其脉左手大而无力，重取则涩，知血少也。止补中气，使血
自荣。以白术浓煎，下黄芩末，数十剂而安。因思胎堕于内，热而虚者为多。曰热、曰虚，当分轻重。盖
孕至三月，上属相火，所以易堕。不然，黄芩、熟艾、阿胶，何谓安胎妙药耶？
方约之曰∶妇人有娠则碍脾，运化迟而生湿、湿生热。丹溪用黄芩、白术为安胎圣药。盖白术健脾燥
湿，黄芩清热故也。但妊娠赖血养胎，方内四物去川芎，佐之为尤备耳！
张飞畴曰∶古人用条芩安胎，惟形瘦血热，营行过疾，胎常上逼者相宜。若形盛气衰，胎常下坠者，非
人参举之不安；形实气盛，胎常不运者，非香、砂耗之不安；血虚火旺，腹常急痛者，非归、芍养之不安；体
肥痰盛，呕逆眩晕者，非二陈豁之不安。此皆治母气之偏胜也。若有外邪，仍宜表散；伏邪时气，尤宜急
下，惟忌芒硝，切不可犯。
王孟英按∶条芩但宜于血热之体。若血虚有火者，余以竹茹、桑叶、丝瓜络为君，随证辅以他药，极有
效。盖三物皆养血清热而熄内风。物之坚，莫如竹皮。《礼》云∶如竹箭之有筠是也。皮肉紧贴，亦莫如竹，
故竹虽苁而皮肉不相离，实为诸血证之要药。观塞舟不漏可知矣。桑叶，蚕食之以成丝；丝瓜络筋膜联系，质
韧子坚，具包罗维系之形。且皆色青入肝，肝虚而胎系不牢者，胜于四物、阿胶多矣。惜未有发明之者！
王海藏曰∶安胎之法有二∶如母病以致动胎者，但疗母则胎自安；若胎有触动以致母病者，安胎则母自愈。
丹溪云∶有妇经住，或成形未具，其胎必堕。察其性急多怒，色黑气实，此相火太盛，不能生气化胎，
反食气伤精故也。
丹溪又曰∶有妇经住三月后，尺脉或涩或微弱，其妇却无病，知是子宫真气不全，故阳不施，阴不化，
精血虽凝，终不成形，或产血块，或产血泡也。惟脉洪盛者不堕。
徐蔼辉说：《金匮要略》中提到：怀孕七个月，太阴经负责滋养胎儿。由此可知，关于怀孕十个月逐月养胎的说法，由来已久。
徐之才说：妊娠第一个月称为“胎胚”，由足厥阴肝经负责滋养；第二个月称为“始膏”，由足少阳胆经负责滋养；第三个月称为“始胞”，由手少阴心包络脉负责滋养；第四个月开始接受水之精气以形成血脉，由手少阳三焦经负责滋养；第五个月开始接受火之精气以形成气，由足太阴脾经负责滋养；第六个月开始接受金之精气以形成筋，由足阳明胃经负责滋养；第七个月开始接受木之精气以形成骨，由手太阴肺经负责滋养；第八个月开始接受土之精气以形成皮肤，由手阳明大肠经负责滋养；第九个月开始接受石之精气以形成毛发，由足少阴肾经负责滋养；第十个月五脏六腑都已具备，等待时机出生。
徐蔼辉说：《人镜经》中唯独手太阳小肠经和手少阴心经不负责滋养胎儿，因为这两条经络上化为乳汁，下主管月经。
王孟英按语：这说的是通常情况！有的人怀孕不足月就生产；有的人必须超过预产期才生产；有的时间先后不一：这都不算病。只有那些怀孕不足月而胎儿形体未发育完全的，或者虽然足月生产但胎儿极度瘦小的，都是由于母体元气不足导致的疾病。再有，在怀孕期间，需要预先进行调补，胎儿自然就会充实完备。我邻居家养了一只母鸡，连续下了几个蛋，蛋壳都很软。邻居认为是不祥之兆，想要杀掉它。我说这是因为下蛋过多，导致母鸡元气虚弱。让人用糯米、蛇床子喂养它，几天后下的蛋就恢复正常了。推及到人体，道理是一样的。
巢元方说：妊娠受孕后，每七天发生一次变化。流产多发生在第三、五、七个月；发生在第二、四、六个月的较少。第三个月属心，第五个月属脾，第七个月属肺，都属于脏，脏为阴，阴气常显不足，所以容易流产！如果在第三个月流产，再次怀孕到第三个月仍会流产，这是因为心脉受伤，必须先调理心脏。第五个月、第七个月流产的情况也是如此。只有第一个月流产的，人们往往不知道原因。第一个月属肝，发怒容易导致流产；清洗下身，窍孔张开也容易导致流产。如果第一次就流产，说明肝脉受伤，下次怀孕仍会流产。现在没有子女的人，大半是因为第一个月流产造成的，并非完全没有受孕。所以凡是初次同房后，最应该注意休养，不要再次行房以免扰动子宫，不要劳累愤怒，不要举重物，不要洗澡，并且多服用养肝平气的药物，那么胎儿就能稳固了。
朱丹溪说：阳气施放，阴气化生，胎孕才能形成。如果血气虚损，不足以荣养胎儿，胎儿就会自然流产。就像树枝枯槁果实就会掉落，藤蔓枯萎花朵就会坠落一样。或者因为劳累、愤怒损伤情志，内火就会发动，也会动摇胎儿。正如风吹撼树木，人折断树枝一样。火能消蚀万物，这是造化的自然规律，《诸病源候论》却说是风冷伤害子宫导致流产，这是没有掌握病情本质的说法。有孕妇到了第三四个月必然流产，她的脉象左手大而无力，重按则涩，这是知道血少的缘故。只需补益中气，使血液自然能够荣养胎儿。用白术浓煎，加入黄芩末，服用几十剂后就能安胎。因此想到胎儿在体内流产，属于热证和虚证的居多。所谓热、所谓虚，应当区分轻重。大概怀孕到三个月，上部属相火，所以容易流产。否则，黄芩、熟艾、阿胶，怎么会被称为安胎妙药呢？
方约之说：妇女怀孕后会妨碍脾胃功能，运化迟缓而生湿，湿久生热。朱丹溪使用黄芩、白术作为安胎圣药。大概是因为白术能健脾燥湿，黄芩能清热的原因。但是妊娠依靠血液来滋养胎儿，在方剂中去掉川芎的四物汤，辅助使用它们，就更加完备了！
张飞畴说：古人使用条芩（黄芩的一种）安胎，只适合形体消瘦、血热、营卫运行过快、胎儿经常向上顶撞的体质。如果形体壮盛但气衰，胎儿经常下坠的，不用人参提升就不能安胎；如果形体结实、气盛，胎儿经常不能正常运转的，不用香附、砂仁耗散（理气）就不能安胎；如果血虚火旺，腹部经常急痛的，不用当归、白芍滋养就不能安胎；如果身体肥胖、痰多，呕吐眩晕的，不用二陈汤豁痰就不能安胎。这些都是治疗母体之气偏胜的方法。如果有外邪，仍然适宜解表发散；伏邪时气，尤其适宜急下攻逐，只是忌讳芒硝，千万不可触犯。
王孟英按语：条芩只适用于血热的体质。如果是血虚有火的，我用竹茹、桑叶、丝瓜络作为主药，根据症状辅以其他药物，非常有效。因为这三味药都能养血清热并平息内风。物体中坚硬的，没有比竹皮更甚的了。《礼记》说：“像竹箭有筠一样。”皮肉紧贴的，也没有比竹子更甚的，所以竹子虽然中空而皮肉不相分离，确实是各种血证的重要药物。看塞住船不漏就知道了。桑叶，蚕吃它能吐丝；丝瓜络筋膜联系，质地坚韧种子坚硬，具有包罗维系的外形。而且它们的颜色都青入肝，对于肝虚导致胎系不牢固的情况，胜过四物汤和阿胶很多。可惜没有人发明阐述这一点！
王海藏说：安胎的方法有两种：如果是母亲生病导致动摇胎儿的，只要治疗母亲的病，胎儿自然就会安稳；如果是胎儿受到触动导致母亲生病的，安胎则母亲自然痊愈。
朱丹溪说：有妇女月经停止，或者胎儿成形但未发育完全，其胎儿必然流产。观察其性格急躁易怒，面色黑而气实，这是相火太盛，不能生气化生胎儿，反而消耗气、损伤精的缘故。
朱丹溪又说：有妇女月经停止三个月后，尺脉或涩或微弱，这位妇女却没有病，知道是子宫真气不全，所以阳气不施放，阴气不化生，精血虽然凝结，最终不能成形，或者产出血块，或者产出血泡。只有脉象洪盛的才不会流产。
Xu Aihui stated: The *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet) mentions that during the seventh month of pregnancy, the Taiyin meridian is responsible for nourishing the fetus. From this, it can be seen that the theory of monthly fetal nourishment over ten months has a long history.
Xu Zhicai stated: In the first month of gestation, it is called "Taipei" (Fetal Embryo), nourished by the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian; in the second month, it is called "Shigao" (Beginning of Paste), nourished by the Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian; in the third month, it is called "Shibao" (Beginning of Sac), nourished by the Hand Shaoyin Pericardium Collateral Meridian; in the fourth month, it begins to receive the essence of Water to form blood vessels, nourished by the Hand Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian; in the fifth month, it begins to receive the essence of Fire to form Qi, nourished by the Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian; in the sixth month, it begins to receive the essence of Metal to form sinews, nourished by the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian; in the seventh month, it begins to receive the essence of Wood to form bones, nourished by the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian; in the eighth month, it begins to receive the essence of Earth to form skin and flesh, nourished by the Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian; in the ninth month, it begins to receive the essence of Stone to form hair, nourished by the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian; in the tenth month, the Zang and Fu organs are all complete, waiting for the time to be born.
Xu Aihui stated: The *Renjing Jing* (Mirror of Human Life) notes that only the Hand Taiyin Small Intestine Meridian and the Hand Shaoyin Heart Meridian do not nourish the fetus, because these two meridians transform into breast milk upwards and govern menstruation downwards.
Wang Mengying added a note: This describes the general rule! Some women deliver before full term; some must go past the due date; some vary in timing: none of these constitute disease. Only those who deliver prematurely with incomplete fetal development, or even at full term but with extremely underdeveloped infants, suffer from deficiency of maternal Yuan Qi. Furthermore, during pregnancy, preparatory regulation and tonification are necessary so that the fetus naturally becomes robust. My neighbor kept a hen that laid several eggs with soft shells. The neighbor considered this an ill omen and wanted to kill the hen. I said this was due to excessive egg-laying causing deficiency of maternal Qi. We fed her glutinous rice and *Solanum lyratum* seeds (Shechuangzi, 蛇床子). After a few days, the eggs returned to normal. Applying this to humans, the principle is identical.
Chao Yuanfang stated: After conception, changes occur every seven days. Miscarriages occur more frequently in the third, fifth, and seventh months; less frequently in the second, fourth, and sixth months. The third month corresponds to the Heart, the fifth to the Spleen, and the seventh to the Lung; these correspond to the Zang organs. Since Zang organs belong to Yin, and Yin is often insufficient, miscarriage is common! If a miscarriage occurs in the third month, subsequent pregnancies may also miscarry at three months because the Heart Meridian is injured; one must first regulate the Heart. The same applies to miscarriages in the fifth and seventh months. Only miscarriages in the first month are often unrecognized. The first month corresponds to the Liver; anger can cause miscarriage; washing the lower body opens the orifices and can also cause miscarriage. If a miscarriage occurs immediately upon the first attempt, it indicates injury to the Liver Meridian, leading to recurrence in subsequent pregnancies. Many people today who are infertile have suffered from first-month miscarriages, not necessarily from failing to conceive. Therefore, after initial intercourse, one should rest carefully, avoid further sexual activity to prevent disturbing the uterus, avoid labor and anger, avoid lifting heavy objects, avoid bathing, and take more herbs to nourish the Liver and calm Qi, thus securing the fetus.
Zhu Danxi stated: Yang exerts influence, Yin transforms, and pregnancy is formed. If Blood and Qi are deficient and insufficient to nourish the fetus, it will spontaneously abort. It is like a branch drying up causing fruit to fall, or a vine withering causing flowers to drop. Or, due to labor or anger damaging emotions, internal Fire moves, which can also disturb the fetus. Just as wind shakes trees or people break branches, Fire consumes things, which is the natural order of creation. The *Bingyuan* (Source of Diseases) attributes miscarriage to Wind-Cold injuring the Zi Zang (Uterus), which fails to grasp the true nature of the condition. Some pregnant women inevitably miscarry in the third or fourth month; their pulse is large and powerless on the left hand, and choppy upon heavy pressure, indicating Blood deficiency. One need only tonify Middle Qi so that Blood naturally nourishes. Decoct *Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma* (Baizhu, 白术) thickly, add powder of *Scutellariae Radix* (Huangqin, 黄芩), and take dozens of doses to stabilize the pregnancy. Thus, I reflect that most intrauterine miscarriages are due to Heat and Deficiency. Regarding Heat and Deficiency, their severity must be distinguished. Generally, by the third month, the upper part corresponds to Ministerial Fire, making miscarriage easy. Otherwise, why would *Scutellariae Radix* (Huangqin, 黄芩), prepared *Artemisiae Argyi Folium* (Shuai Ai, 熟艾), and *Equus Asini Corii Colla* (Ejiao, 阿胶) be considered miraculous drugs for stabilizing pregnancy?
Fang Yuezhi stated: Pregnancy hinders the Spleen's function, leading to slow transformation and accumulation of Dampness, which generates Heat. Zhu Danxi used *Scutellariae Radix* (Huangqin, 黄芩) and *Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma* (Baizhu, 白术) as holy medicines for stabilizing pregnancy. This is because *Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma* (Baizhu, 白术) strengthens the Spleen and dries Dampness, while *Scutellariae Radix* (Huangqin, 黄芩) clears Heat. However, since pregnancy relies on Blood to nourish the fetus, using Si Wu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) without *Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma* (Chuanxiong, 川芎) as an adjunct is even more comprehensive.
Zhang Feichou stated: Ancients used Tiao Qin (a type of *Scutellariae Radix*, Huangqin, 黄芩) to stabilize pregnancy, suitable only for those with thin bodies, Blood Heat, rapid Ying circulation, and frequent upward pressure of the fetus. If the body is robust but Qi is weak, with the fetus sinking, Ginseng (*Panax Ginseng Radix*, Renshen, 人参) is needed to lift it for stability; if the body is solid and Qi is abundant, with the fetus failing to move properly, aromatic and acrid herbs like *Cyperi Rhizoma* (Xiangfu, 香附) and *Amomi Fructus* (Sharen, 砂仁) are needed to disperse it for stability; if Blood is deficient with Hyperactive Fire and frequent abdominal cramping, *Angelicae Sinensis Radix* (Danggui, 当归) and *Paeoniae Radix Alba* (Baishao, 白芍) are needed to nourish it for stability; if the body is fat with Phlegm abundance, vomiting, and vertigo, Er Chen Tang (Two-Cured Decoction) is needed to resolve Phlegm for stability. These all treat the excess of maternal Qi. If there are External Pathogens, exterior-releasing methods are still appropriate; for latent pathogens or seasonal epidemics, urgent purgation is especially indicated, except avoiding *Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex* (Mangxiao, 芒硝); this must strictly be avoided.
Wang Mengying added a note: Tiao Qin is only suitable for constitutions with Blood Heat. For those with Blood Deficiency and Fire, I use *Bambusae Membrana Saccharata* (Zhuru, 竹茹), *Mori Folium* (Sangye, 桑叶), and *Luffae Fructus Retinervus* (Sigualuo, 丝瓜络) as chief herbs, assisted by others according to symptoms, yielding excellent results. These three herbs nourish Blood, clear Heat, and extinguish Internal Wind. Among substances, nothing is harder than bamboo skin. The *Book of Rites* says: "Like the sheath of a bamboo arrow." Skin and flesh tightly adhering are best exemplified by bamboo. Although bamboo is hollow, its skin and flesh do not separate, making it a key herb for various Blood disorders. That it can plug a boat leak proves this. *Mori Folium* (Sangye, 桑叶): silkworms eat it to produce silk; *Luffae Fructus Retinervus* (Sigualuo, 丝瓜络) has fibrous connections, tough texture, and hard seeds, possessing forms of encompassing and connecting. Moreover, both are green and enter the Liver. For Liver Deficiency leading to insecure fetal attachment, they surpass Si Wu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) and *Equus Asini Corii Colla* (Ejiao, 阿胶). It is a pity no one has elucidated this!
Wang Haizang stated: There are two methods for stabilizing pregnancy: If the mother's illness disturbs the fetus, treating the mother's illness alone will stabilize the fetus; if the fetus's disturbance causes the mother's illness, stabilizing the fetus will cure the mother.
Zhu Danxi stated: In some women whose menses have stopped, or where the fetus has formed but is not fully developed, the fetus will inevitably abort. Observing their irritable and angry temperament, dark complexion, and robust Qi, this indicates excessive Ministerial Fire, which cannot generate Qi to transform the fetus, but instead consumes Qi and damages Essence.
Zhu Danxi further stated: In some women whose menses have stopped for three months, if the Chi pulse is choppy or weak, yet the woman shows no other symptoms, it indicates incomplete True Qi in the Uterus. Thus, Yang does not exert influence, and Yin does not transform. Although Essence and Blood condense, they ultimately fail to form a proper fetus, resulting in the expulsion of blood clots or blood blisters. Only those with a surging pulse will not miscarry.