辨证
齿者，肾之标也。足阳明，胃脉络，齿上龈，手阳明大肠经之脉络下龈，呷风则痛甚者，
肠胃有
独活散（驱风热） 独活散内川芎真，羌活荆防薄荷成，生地黄兼细辛使，煎来漱咽治
牙龈。
甘露饮（治胃中客热，齿龈肿闷宣露） 甘露两地山茵陈，天麦枇杷枳壳芩，石斛甘草
十味等
白芷汤
治下片牙疼，虚热有风。
防风 荆芥 连翘 白芷 薄荷 赤芍 石膏
细辛汤
治上片牙痛，胃肾虚风。
蔓荆子 牛蒡子 荜茇各一钱五分 细辛 升麻 黄连 防己各□钱 黄柏 知母 薄
荷各
哭来笑去散 雄黄 胡椒 麝 荜茇 良姜 细辛
只六味 哭将来笑将去，等分，为末，用少许吹男左女右鼻中，立止。如肿甚，用纸卷
药
又方
用蜡肉骨，烧灰存性，为末，随痛随擦。
漱口方 露蜂房 鹤虱 秦艽 防风各二钱煎汤漱口，凉则吐去。
鲍氏八味汤 随经分治。
防风 荆芥 升麻各七分 当归 生地 丹皮 青皮 细辛各五分上门牙属心，加黄
连、门冬，下门牙属肾，加黄柏、知母，上边牙属胃，加川芎、白芷，下边牙属脾，加白术、
白芍，上左尽牙属胆，加羌活、胆草，下左尽牙属肝，加柴胡、山栀，上右尽牙属大肠，加
枳壳、大黄，下右尽牙属肺，加桔梗、黄芩，满口痛，本方加石膏、甘草，舌长拖出数寸，
以冰片涂之，即收。
单方
巴豆一个（入火略烧去壳），胡椒三粒，同捣烂，薄绵包药，痛齿咬定，流去涎水，良
久取出，如止。一二牙疼痛，多是虫痛，去胡椒，用花椒。
又方
用壁钱包胡椒末塞耳，左痛塞右，右痛塞左，手掩枕之，少顷额有微汗，即愈。
又方
治虫牙。好信、黄丹各一分，溶黄蜡丸如豆大，薄丝棉包裹，留尾，如上法塞入耳孔，
一夜，其虫即死，永不再发。
又方
明雄黄、食盐各三分，老姜三钱，同捣，分三丸噙之，一连化尽，即止。
又方
臭椿根，背阳，皮煎汤漱口亦好。
又方
用小麦炒焦，淬入烧酒，去渣，噙漱。
又方
草乌、潮脑各一钱，川椒五分，共为末，用碗对合，盐泥封固，炭火徐炙之，则药升
取搽，牙痛立止。
又方
冬青叶捣汁漱口。
又方
大戟，咬在疼处，即止。
又方
用黑豆一撮，葱、艾、川椒，水煎漱。
余论
法宜泻阳明之湿热，外以擦牙诛虫之剂，治其标，则齿自固。（牙疳，见外科。固齿方，
见末卷）治齿方 青盐二两，白盐二两，川椒四两（煎汁），以椒汁拌二盐，炒干为末擦之，
永无齿疾。以漱出水洗目，亦无目疾。
治口臭 孩儿茶四两 桂花 硼砂 薄荷叶各五钱甘草熬膏，作饼噙化。
又方
丁香、黑枣，捣匀噙化。
又方
常噙藿香一味。
治撮口，不能开合（不治即死者） 白布作炷如指大，安斧上烧出汗，抹搽唇上，日二
三度。
或用青布灰，或蛇蜕灰，或发灰，或蜂房，俱用脂调搽。
治舌肿硬 百草霜、海盐，等分，井水调敷。或用真蒲末，或用槐花末，频掺舌上，若
舌长出，用冰片涂之。俱宜内服黄连汤，以泻心火。
治牙疼摇动 栝蒌仁五分 牙皂四分 川乌 草乌 胡椒 藜芦各三分 麝香一分。于
牙根内外遍擦之，吐出涎，愈。
又方
巴豆一粒（咯煨去壳），胡椒三粒（同研）。绢包，痛牙咬定，流去涎水。
又方
巴霜、铅粉、麝各少许，同蒜捣如豆，贴手腕。右疼贴左，左疼贴右。
又方
枫树子（一名九孔子）十粒，煎汤漱口，不可咽下。
又方
杨柳枝皮，切碎，火酒一盅，煎半盅，漱口。
又方
蔓荆子、白蒺藜等分，炒黑研末擦之。一方加盐。
辨证
牙齿，是肾脏功能外在表现的标志。足阳明胃经的脉络联系上牙龈，手阳明大肠经的脉络联系下牙龈。若因受风邪导致疼痛剧烈者，多因肠胃有风热所致。
独活散（驱除风热）
独活散由川芎、羌活、荆芥、防风、薄荷组成，加入生地黄和细辛、使君子，煎汤后含漱并咽下，可治疗牙龈疾病。
甘露饮（治疗胃中客热，齿龈肿胀闷痛、宣露）
甘露饮由生地、熟地、山茵陈、天冬、麦冬、枇杷叶、枳壳、黄芩、石斛、甘草十味药等量组成。
白芷汤
治疗下排牙齿疼痛，属虚热兼有风邪。
药物：防风、荆芥、连翘、白芷、薄荷、赤芍、石膏。
细辛汤
治疗上排牙齿疼痛，属胃肾虚风。
药物：蔓荆子、牛蒡子、荜茇各一钱五分，细辛、升麻、黄连、防己各若干钱，黄柏、知母、薄荷各若干。
哭来笑去散
药物：雄黄、胡椒、麝香、荜茇、良姜、细辛。
仅这六味药，按等分比例，研成粉末。取少许吹入男性左鼻孔或女性右鼻孔中，疼痛立即停止。如果肿胀严重，用纸卷药粉塞入。
漱口方
露蜂房、鹤虱、秦艽、防风各二钱，煎汤漱口，待药液变凉后吐出。
鲍氏八味汤
根据经络分部进行治疗。
基础药物：防风、荆芥、升麻各七分；当归、生地、丹皮、青皮、细辛各五分。
加减法：上门牙属心，加黄连、麦冬；下门牙属肾，加黄柏、知母；上边牙属胃，加川芎、白芷；下边牙属脾，加白术、白芍；上左侧尽头牙属胆，加羌活、龙胆草；下左侧尽头牙属肝，加柴胡、山栀；上右侧尽头牙属大肠，加枳壳、大黄；下右侧尽头牙属肺，加桔梗、黄芩。全口疼痛，本方加石膏、甘草。若舌头肿大伸出数寸，用冰片涂抹，即可收回。
单方
巴豆一个（在火中略烧去壳），胡椒三粒，共同捣烂，用薄棉包裹药团，咬在疼痛的牙齿处，流去口水，良久取出，如疼痛停止则有效。若一二颗牙齿疼痛，多是虫牙所致，去掉胡椒，改用花椒。
又一方
用壁钱包盛胡椒末塞入耳朵，左痛塞右耳，右痛塞左耳，用手掩住枕头侧卧，片刻后额头微微出汗，即痊愈。
又一方
治疗虫牙。好信（一种矿物药）、黄丹各一分，溶化黄蜡制成如豆子大小的丸剂，用薄丝棉包裹，留尾端，按上述方法塞入耳孔，一夜之后，虫子即死，永不复发。
又一方
明雄黄、食盐各三分，老姜三钱，共同捣碎，分成三丸含在口中，连续化尽，疼痛即止。
又一方
将小麦炒焦，淬入烧酒，去渣，含漱。
又一方
草乌、潮脑（樟脑）各一钱，川椒五分，共研为末。用两个碗对合，用盐泥封固，在炭火上慢慢烘烤，则药气上升，取药粉搽涂，牙痛立即停止。
又一方
冬青叶捣汁漱口。
余论
治疗方法应当泻除阳明的湿热，外用擦牙杀虫的药物治其标，则牙齿自然坚固。（牙疳病，见外科章节。固齿方，见本书末卷）
治齿方：青盐二两，白盐二两，川椒四两（煎取汁液），用椒汁拌和二种盐，炒干后研末擦牙，永远没有牙齿疾病。用漱口水洗眼睛，也没有眼疾。
治口臭
孩儿茶四两，桂花、硼砂、薄荷叶各五钱，甘草熬膏，做成饼状含化。
又一方
经常含服一味藿香。
治撮口，不能开合（不治即死亡）
用白布做成如手指粗细的炷，放在斧头上烧出汗水，涂抹搽擦嘴唇上，每天二三次。
或者用青布灰，或蛇蜕灰，或头发灰，或蜂房灰，都用油脂调匀搽擦。
治舌肿硬
百草霜、海盐，等分，用井水调敷。或者用真蒲黄末，或用槐花末，频繁撒在舌上。如果舌头长出，用冰片涂抹。都宜内服黄连汤，以泻心火。
治牙疼摇动
栝蒌仁五分，牙皂四分，川乌、草乌、胡椒、藜芦各三分，麝香一分。在牙根内外遍擦，吐出涎水，即愈。
又一方
巴豆一粒（咯煨去壳），胡椒三粒（同研）。绢包，痛牙咬定，流去涎水。
又一方
巴豆霜、铅粉、麝香各少许，同蒜捣如豆大，贴于手腕。右疼贴左腕，左疼贴右腕。
又一方
杨柳枝皮，切碎，用酒一盅，煎至半盅，漱口。
Diagnosis and Differentiation
The teeth are the external manifestation of the Kidney (Shen). The Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian (Zu Yangming Wei Jing) connects with the upper gums, while the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian (Shou Yangming Dachang Jing) connects with the lower gums. Severe pain induced by wind exposure is often due to wind-heat in the stomach and intestines.
Duhuo San (Wind-Heat Dispelling Powder)
Duhuo San consists of Chuanxiong Rhizome (Chuanxiong), Notopterygium Rhizome (Qianghuo), Schizonepeta Spike (Jingjie), Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng), and Mint Herb (Bohe), supplemented with Rehmannia Root (Shengdihuang), Asarum Root (Xixin), and Vitex Fruit (Shizi). Decocted for rinsing and swallowing, it treats gum diseases.
Ganlu Yin (Sweet Dew Decoction)
Indicated for guest-heat in the stomach, causing swollen, distended, and exposed gums. Ganlu Yin comprises equal parts of Rehmannia Root (Shengdi), Prepared Rehmannia Root (Shudi), Cnidium Rhizome (Yinchen), Ophiopogon Tuber (Tian Dong), Ophiopogon Tuber (Mai Dong), Loquat Leaf (Pipaye), Bitter Orange (Zhike), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin), Dendrobium Stem (Shihu), and Licorice Root (Gancao).
Baizhi Tang
Indicated for lower toothache due to deficiency-heat with wind.
Ingredients: Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng), Schizonepeta Spike (Jingjie), Forsythia Fruit (Lianqiao), Angelica Dahurica Root (Baizhi), Mint Herb (Bohe), Red Peony Root (Chishao), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao).
Xixin Tang
Indicated for upper toothache due to deficiency-wind of the stomach and kidney.
Ingredients: Vitex Fruit (Manjingzi), Arctii Fructus (Niubangzi), Long Pepper Fruit (Bibo), each 1.5 qian; Asarum Root (Xixin), Cimicifuga Rhizome (Shengma), Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian), and Podophyllum Rhizome (Fangji), quantity unspecified; Phellodendron Bark (Huangbai), Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu), and Mint Herb (Bohe), quantity unspecified.
Kulai Xiaochu San (Cry-to-Laugh-Away Powder)
Ingredients: Realgar (Xionghuang), Black Pepper (Hujiao), Moschus (She), Long Pepper Fruit (Bibo), Galangal Rhizome (Liangjiang), and Asarum Root (Xixin).
These six ingredients are mixed in equal proportions and powdered. A small amount is insufflated into the left nostril of males or the right nostril of females to stop pain immediately. For severe swelling, roll the powder in paper and insert.
Another Prescription
Burn bone wax until carbonized but retaining its medicinal nature, powder it, and apply directly to the painful area.
Rinsing Formula
Honeycomb (Lufengfang), Dandelion Root (Heshi), Gentian Root (Qinjiao), and Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng), each 2 qian. Decoct for rinsing; spit out when cool.
Bao Shi Ba Wei Tang (Dr. Bao's Eight-Ingredient Decoction)
Treatment based on meridian distribution.
Base formula: Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng), Schizonepeta Spike (Jingjie), Cimicifuga Rhizome (Shengma), each 0.7 fen; Angelica Sinensis Root (Danggui), Rehmannia Root (Shengdi), Moutan Cortex (Danpi), Tangerine Peel (Qingpi), and Asarum Root (Xixin), each 0.5 fen.
Modifications: Upper incisors correspond to the Heart; add Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian) and Ophiopogon Tuber (Maidong). Lower incisors correspond to the Kidney; add Phellodendron Bark (Huangbai) and Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu). Upper lateral teeth correspond to the Stomach; add Chuanxiong Rhizome (Chuanxiong) and Angelica Dahurica Root (Baizhi). Lower lateral teeth correspond to the Spleen; add Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu) and White Peony Root (Baishao). Upper left molars correspond to the Gallbladder; add Notopterygium Rhizome (Qianghuo) and Gentian Root (Longdancao). Lower left molars correspond to the Liver; add Bupleurum Root (Chaihu) and Gardenia Fruit (Shanzhi). Upper right molars correspond to the Large Intestine; add Aurantium Fructus (Zhike) and Rheum Palmatum Root (Dahuang). Lower right molars correspond to the Lung; add Platycodon Root (Jiegeng) and Scutellaria Root (Huangqin). For generalized mouth pain, add Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) and Licorice Root (Gancao) to this formula. If the tongue swells and protrudes several inches, apply Borax (Bingpian) to retract it.
Single Herbs/Prescriptions
One Croton Seed (Badou), slightly roasted over fire and shelled, combined with three grains of Black Pepper (Hujiao). Pound into a paste, wrap in thin cotton, and bite onto the painful tooth. Allow saliva to drain, then remove after some time if pain ceases. For one or two teeth pain, likely caused by worms, replace pepper with Sichuan Pepper (Huajiao).
Another Prescription
Fill a wall pocket (likely referring to a specific insect nest or container) with black pepper powder and insert into the ear. For left pain, use the right ear; for right pain, use the left ear. Rest head on pillow covered by hand; slight sweating on the forehead indicates cure.
Another Prescription
For worm toothache. Mix Haoxin (Mineral drug) and Lead Oxide (Huandan), each 1 fen, with melted beeswax to form pills the size of beans. Wrap in thin silk cotton, leaving a tail end. Insert into the ear canal as above. After one night, the worms die, preventing recurrence.
Another Prescription
Realgar (Xionghuang) and Table Salt (Yanshi), each 3 fen; Old Ginger (Laojiang), 3 qian. Pound together, divide into three pills, and hold in the mouth until dissolved completely to stop pain.
Another Prescription
Bark of the Chinese Toon Tree (Qiuchun Gen) from the shaded side, decocted for rinsing.
Another Prescription
Stir-fry wheat until charred, quench in distilled spirits (Baijiu), strain, and rinse.
Another Prescription
Aconite Lateral Root (Caowu) and Camphor (Chaonao), each 1 qian; Sichuan Pepper (Chuanjiao), 0.5 fen. Powder them. Seal two bowls together with salt mud and heat slowly over charcoal. Collect the sublimated powder and apply to the teeth for immediate pain relief.
Another Prescription
Juice of Ilex Aquifolium Leaves (Dongqing Ye) for rinsing.
Another Prescription
Radix Euphorbiae (Daji), chew and place on the painful spot to stop pain.
Another Prescription
Decoct a pinch of Black Soybean (Heidou), Scallion (Cong), Mugwort (Ai), and Sichuan Pepper (Chuanjiao) in water for rinsing.
Additional Remarks
The treatment principle should involve draining damp-heat from the Yangming channels. Topical application of anti-parasitic agents stops the symptoms, thereby strengthening the teeth fundamentally. (Gangrene of the gums is discussed in the Surgery section. Tooth-strengthening formulas are in the final volume.)
Tooth-Strengthening Formula: Green Rock Salt (Qingyan) 2 liang, White Salt (Baiyan) 2 liang, Sichuan Pepper (Chuanjiao) 4 liang (decocted for juice). Mix the salts with the pepper juice, stir-fry until dry, powder, and rub on teeth. This prevents all dental diseases indefinitely. Rinsing the eyes with the leftover liquid prevents eye diseases.
Halitosis Treatment
Pediaspermum Seed (Haiercha) 4 liang, Osmanthus Flower (Guihua), Borax (Pengsha), Mint Herb (Boheye), each 5 qian. Decoct Licorice Root (Gancao) into a paste, form into cakes, and hold in the mouth to dissolve.
Another Prescription
Cloves (Dingxiang) and Black Dates (Heizao), pounded evenly and held in the mouth to dissolve.
Another Prescription
Constantly hold a piece of Agastache Rhizome (Huoxiang) in the mouth.
Tetanus-like Jaw Lock (Inability to Open/Close Mouth - Fatal if Untreated)
Make a wick from white cloth, finger-thick. Burn it on an axe head to collect sweat/dew. Apply to lips, 2-3 times daily.
Alternatively, use ash of green cloth, snake skin, human hair, or honeycomb, mixed with fat for topical application.
Swollen and Hard Tongue
Soot (Baicaoshuang) and Sea Salt (Haiyan), equal parts. Mix well water and apply externally. Alternatively, use Polygonum Multiflorum Powder (Zhenpu) or Sophora Flower Powder (Huaihua), frequently sprinkled on the tongue. If the tongue protrudes, apply Borax (Bingpian). Internal administration of Coptis Decoction (Huanglian Tang) is recommended to drain Heart fire.
Loose Teeth Due to Pain
Trichosanthes Seed (Gualuoren) 0.5 fen, Soapberry Fruit (Yazao) 0.4 fen, Aconite Root (Chuanwu), Aconite Root (Caowu), Black Pepper (Hujiao), Veratrum Rhizome (Lilu), each 0.3 fen; Moschus (Shexiang) 0.1 fen. Rub thoroughly around the tooth roots internally and externally. Expel saliva for cure.
Another Prescription
Croton Seed (Badou) 1 grain (roasted and shelled), Black Pepper (Hujiao) 3 grains (ground together). Wrap in silk, bite on the painful tooth, allow saliva to drain.
Another Prescription
Croton Oil Resin (Basuang), Lead Carbonate (Qianfen), and Moschus (Shexiang), small amounts. Pounded with garlic into bean-sized balls. Apply to the wrist. Right pain applied to left wrist, left pain to right wrist.
Another Prescription
Decoct 10 Maple Seeds (Fengshuzi, also known as Jiukongzi) for rinsing. Do not swallow.
Another Prescription
Willow Branch Bark (Yangliuzhi Pi), chopped. Decoct in one cup of wine until reduced to half a cup. Rinse.
Another Prescription
Vitex Fruit (Manjingzi) and Tribulus Fruit (Bajili), equal parts. Stir-fry until black, powder, and rub. Another variation adds salt.