仲景云∶问妇人年五十所,病下利数十日不止,暮即发热,小腹里急,腹满,手掌烦热
,唇口干燥,何也?师曰∶此病属带下。何以故?曾经半产,瘀血在小腹不去。何以知之?其
证唇口干燥,故知之。当以温经汤主之。(方见调经门)(问下痢而以半产,瘀血在腹,又曰属带下,然非仲景之言
不能信。如暮热小腹急满,为瘀血在内则可,以掌热烦燥口干,而用温经药,则人皆难之。况此汤有肉桂、半夏、吴茱
萸,谁肯信服)
大全云∶妇人小便白浊白淫者,皆由心肾不交养,水火不升降,或因劳伤于肾,肾
气虚冷故也。肾主水而开窍在阴,阴为溲便之道,胞冷肾损,故有白浊白淫。(据此宜属寒,今皆主热)
李氏曰∶白淫,盖缘思想无穷,所愿不得,意淫于外,入房太甚,发为筋痿,久为白淫
症
白淫之所自。筋痿者,宗筋也,惟久为淫纵者有之。若妇人则无宗筋,岂其窍道一也?
究其所因,似亦不悖,故此数方,与治久浊同法)
。谓白物淫如白精之状,不可误作白带,过服热药。又有日夜流津,如清米泔,或如粘胶者
,谓之白崩,与白淫大同。多忧思过度所致,诚难治疗,用平补镇心丹;因思伤脾胃者,四
七汤下白丸子或归脾汤;痞闷少食者,沉香降气汤;因劳伤肾气,心肾不交者,金锁正元丹
、小菟丝子丸、威喜丸。
薛氏曰∶前证若元气下陷,用补中益气汤;脾胃亏损,六君子加升麻柴胡;脾经郁结,
归脾加黄柏、山栀;肝经怒火,龙胆泻肝汤;虚则用加味逍遥散(怒火有虚实,实者泻之,故用龙胆,虚者补之,
故用逍遥,以逍遥有归、芍养血也),宜与带下参看主治。
一妇人善怒,或小腹痞闷,或寒热往来,或小便频数,时下白淫,药久不愈,面青口苦
。予以为积愤而不能发散所致(若论积愤,当用木郁达之之法),用龙胆泻肝汤而愈,用加味逍遥散、八珍汤而安。
张仲景说:询问一位五十岁左右的妇女,患病后下利(腹泻)数十日不止,傍晚即出现发热,小腹内部拘急不适,腹部胀满,手掌心烦热,嘴唇和口腔干燥,这是什么病呢?医师回答说:这个病属于带下病。为什么这样说呢?因为她曾经有过半产(流产),导致瘀血滞留于小腹未能排出。怎么知道是这种情况呢?根据她嘴唇和口腔干燥的症状,所以可以判断出来。应当使用温经汤来主治。(方剂见调经门)(有人质疑:问的是下痢,却联系到半产和小腹瘀血,又说是带下病,如果不是张仲景的话,人们难以相信。比如傍晚发热、小腹急满,说是内有瘀血是可以理解的;但手掌烦热、烦躁口干,却用温经药,人们都会感到难以理解。况且此汤中含有肉桂、半夏、吴茱萸等温热药物,谁肯信服呢?)
《女科大全》说:妇人小便白浊或白淫的病症,都是由于心肾不能相互交养,水火之气不能正常升降,或者因为劳累损伤了肾脏,导致肾气虚寒的缘故。肾主水,其窍开于阴部,阴部是排泄大小便的通道,胞宫寒冷、肾脏受损,所以会出现白浊和白淫。(据此判断应该属于寒证,但现在大多主张为热证。)
李氏说:白淫,大概是因为思虑无穷,愿望得不到满足,意念外驰,加上房事过度,引发筋痿,久而久之形成白淫症。所谓筋痿,指的是宗筋(男性生殖器及周围筋膜组织),只有长期纵欲的人才会得此病。如果是妇人,并没有宗筋,难道她们的孔道是一样的吗?探究其病因,似乎也不违背常理,因此这几个方子,与治疗久治不愈的白浊方法相同。所谓白物淫溢,状如白精,不可误当作白带,而过服热性药物。又有日夜流津液,像清米泔水一样,或者像粘胶一样的,称为白崩,与白淫大体相同。多由忧思过度所致,确实难以治疗,可用平补镇心丹;因思虑损伤脾胃的,用四七汤送服白丸子或归脾汤;痞闷、食欲不振的,用沉香降气汤;因劳累损伤肾气,导致心肾不交的,用金锁正元丹、小菟丝子丸、威喜丸。
薛氏说:上述病症如果元气下陷,用补中益气汤;脾胃亏损,用六君子汤加升麻、柴胡;脾经郁结,用归脾汤加黄柏、山栀;肝经怒火,用龙胆泻肝汤;虚证则用加味逍遥散(怒火有虚实之分,实证用泻法,故用龙胆泻肝汤;虚证用补法,故用逍遥散,因为逍遥散中有当归、白芍养血),宜与带下病的辨证主治参考对照。
有一位妇人容易发怒,有时小腹痞闷,有时寒热往来,有时小便频数,时常流出白淫,服药很久不见痊愈,面色青,口苦。我认为这是积愤而不能发散所致(如果论述积愤,应当用“木郁达之”的方法),于是用龙胆泻肝汤治愈,后用加味逍遥散、八珍汤调理而安。
Zhang Zhongjing said: Inquired about a woman around fifty years of age who suffered from diarrhea for dozens of days without cessation, experiencing fever in the evening, urgency and tightness in the lower abdomen, abdominal fullness, heat and irritability in the palms, and dryness of the lips and mouth. What is this disease? The physician replied: This disease belongs to Dai Xia (Leukorrhea). Why? Because she once had a miscarriage, leaving blood stasis in the lower abdomen that has not been expelled. How do we know this? Based on the symptom of dry lips and mouth, we can deduce this. It should be treated primarily with Wen Jing Tang (Warming the Menses Decoction). (Formula see Menstrual Regulation Section) (Critique: Asking about dysentery but linking it to miscarriage and abdominal blood stasis, and calling it Dai Xia, would be hard to believe if not spoken by Zhang Zhongjing. For instance, evening fever and lower abdominal urgency/fullness can be attributed to internal blood stasis; however, palm heat, irritability, and dry mouth treated with warming menses herbs are difficult for people to accept. Moreover, this decoction contains Cinnamon Twig, Pinellia Rhizome, and Evodia Fruit, who would trust it?)
Da Quan says: Leukorrhea (Bai Zhuo) or seminal emission (Bai Yin) in women are all caused by the failure of Heart and Kidney to nourish each other, and the inability of Water and Fire energies to ascend and descend properly, or due to labor injuring the Kidney, resulting in Kidney Qi deficiency and cold. The Kidney governs water and opens into the yin organs; the yin organs are the pathway for urination and defecation. When the uterus is cold and the Kidney is damaged, Bai Zhuo and Bai Yin occur. (Based on this, it should belong to Cold syndrome, yet now it is mostly attributed to Heat.)
Li says: Bai Yin is likely caused by endless thoughts, unfulfilled desires, mental wandering outside, and excessive sexual intercourse, leading to Sinew Flaccidity (Jin Wei), which over time becomes Bai Yin. Jin Wei refers to the Zong Jin (major sinews/genitals), occurring only in those who have indulged excessively in lust over a long period. If it is a woman, she does not have Zong Jin; how can her orifice be the same? Investigating the cause, it seems not contradictory, so these several formulas follow the same method as treating chronic Bai Zhuo. It refers to white discharge overflowing, resembling white semen, which must not be mistaken for regular leukorrhea, nor treated with excessive hot medicines. There is also daily flow of fluid, like clear rice wash water, or like sticky glue, called Bai Beng (White Collapse), which is largely similar to Bai Yin. It is mostly caused by excessive worry and thought, truly difficult to treat. Use Ping Bu Zhen Xin Dan (Calm the Heart Pill); if spleen and stomach are injured by thought, use Si Qi Tang administered with Bai Wan Zi or Gui Pi Tang; if there is stuffiness and poor appetite, use Chen Xiang Jiang Qi Tang; if kidney qi is injured by labor and heart-kidney non-interaction occurs, use Jin Suo Zheng Yuan Dan, Xiao Tu Si Zi Wan, or Wei Xi Wan.
Xue says: For the aforementioned conditions, if primordial qi sinks, use Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang; if spleen and stomach are deficient, use Liu Jun Zi Tang plus Schizonepeta and Bupleurum; if spleen meridian depression/stagnation exists, use Gui Pi Tang plus Phellodendron Bark and Gardenia Fruit; if liver meridian fire anger exists, use Long Dan Xie Gan Tang; for deficiency syndromes, use Jia Wei Xiao Yao San (Fire anger has excess and deficiency aspects; excess is purged, hence Long Dan Xie Gan Tang; deficiency is tonified, hence Xiao Yao San, because Xiao Yao San contains Angelica Root and Peony Root to nourish blood). It should be referenced alongside the treatment principles for Dai Xia.
A certain woman was prone to anger, sometimes experiencing lower abdominal stuffiness, alternating chills and fever, frequent urination, and occasional Bai Yin. Medications failed to cure her after a long time; her complexion was green, and her mouth tasted bitter. I considered this caused by accumulated resentment that could not be dispersed (If discussing accumulated resentment, the method of "releasing wood stagnation" should be applied). Thus, I used Long Dan Xie Gan Tang to cure her, and then used Jia Wei Xiao Yao San and Ba Zhen Tang to stabilize her condition.