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《素问·痹论》帝曰∶痹之安生？岐伯曰∶风寒湿三气杂至，合而为痹也。其风气胜者为行痹，寒气胜
者为痛痹，湿气胜者为着痹也。
风为阳，寒湿为阴，三气杂合而成痹病。风阳而性动摇，伤卫气，故风多则流走，名行痹也；寒阴而性凝
敛，伤营血，故寒多则身痛，名痛痹也；湿邪浊滞，营卫俱伤，故湿多则气血滞
着，身体重，名著痹也。此一病而以邪之多寡分三证也。
帝曰∶其有五者何也？岐伯曰∶以冬遇此者为骨痹，以春遇此者为筋痹，以夏遇此者为脉痹，以至阴遇
此者为肌痹，以秋遇此者为皮痹。
肾主冬令，骨属肾；肝主春令，筋属肝；心主夏令，血脉属心；脾主长夏，肌肉属脾；肺主秋令，皮毛属
肺。本经《风论》言∶以春甲乙伤于风者，为肝风，余脏皆然，今痹邪亦同此义。盖五脏应五时之气候，故外邪
即乘气而入其部，以成病也。
帝曰∶内舍五脏六腑，何气使然？岐伯曰∶五脏皆有合，病久而不去，内舍于其合也。故骨痹不已，复感
于邪，内舍于肾；筋痹不已，复感于邪，内舍于肝；脉痹不已，复感于邪，内舍于心；肌痹不已，复感于邪，
内舍于脾；皮痹不已，复感于邪，内舍于肺。所谓痹者，各以其时重感于风寒湿之气也。
凡手足十二经，经皆有穴，名曰井、荥、溜、俞、合。其出气者名井，入气者名合，气血由之而出入，流
行于一身者也。邪乘时令之气而入，久不去者，内舍于其合也；又不去而复感于邪，则深舍于脏。所以名痹者，
因重感于邪，自浅而深，闭结不出也。《灵枢·五变篇》曰∶粗理而肉不坚者，善病痹。盖粗理肉不坚，则腠
理疏而邪易入，乃留滞成痹也。
【九宫节气图】
《素问·痹论》中，黄帝问道：痹证是如何产生的？岐伯回答说：风、寒、湿三种邪气混杂侵袭人体，结合而形成痹证。其中风气偏胜的称为行痹（以疼痛游走不定为特征的痹证），寒气偏胜的称为痛痹（以疼痛剧烈固定为特征的痹证），湿气偏胜的称为着痹（以肢体沉重酸痛固定为特征的痹证）。
风属于阳邪，寒和湿属于阴邪，这三种邪气混杂结合而形成痹病。风性属阳且性质动摇，容易损伤卫气（运行于体表具有防御作用的阳气），所以风邪多时疼痛流走不定，命名为行痹；寒性属阴且性质凝敛收引，容易损伤营血（运行于脉中具有营养作用的血液），所以寒邪多时身体疼痛，命名为痛痹；湿邪性质浊滞重着，同时损伤营气和卫气，所以湿邪多时气血滞留附着，身体沉重，命名为着痹。这是同一种疾病，根据邪气偏盛的程度不同而分为三种证型。
黄帝问道：为什么又有五种痹证呢？岐伯回答说：在冬季感受这种邪气的称为骨痹，在春季感受这种邪气的称为筋痹，在夏季感受这种邪气的称为脉痹，在长夏（至阴之时）感受这种邪气的称为肌痹，在秋季感受这种邪气的称为皮痹。
肾主管冬季，骨骼归属于肾；肝主管春季，筋脉归属于肝；心主管夏季，血脉归属于心；脾主管长夏，肌肉归属于脾；肺主管秋季，皮毛归属于肺。本经《风论》中说：在春季甲乙日（属木，对应肝）受风邪伤害的，会形成肝风，其他脏腑的情况也是如此，现在痹邪也是遵循同样的道理。大概是因为五脏对应五时的气候特点，所以外邪便趁着时令之气侵入相应的部位，从而形成疾病。
黄帝问道：邪气内传舍留于五脏六腑，是什么气使之如此呢？岐伯回答说：五脏都有与其相合的组织器官，如果病情长久不愈，邪气就会内传舍留于其相合的部位。所以骨痹如果不愈，再次感受邪气，邪气就会内传舍留于肾；筋痹如果不愈，再次感受邪气，邪气就会内传舍留于肝；脉痹如果不愈，再次感受邪气，邪气就会内传舍留于心；肌痹如果不愈，再次感受邪气，邪气就会内传舍留于脾；皮痹如果不愈，再次感受邪气，邪气就会内传舍留于肺。所谓痹证，就是因为在相应季节再次感受风寒湿邪气所致。
凡是手足十二经脉，每条经脉上都有穴位，名称叫做井穴、荥穴、输穴、经穴、合穴。其中经气发出的穴位叫井穴，经气深入入里的穴位叫合穴，气血由此出入，流行遍布全身。邪气乘着时令之气侵入，久久不去，就会内传舍留于其相合的部位；如果还不除去又再次感受邪气，邪气就会更深地舍留于内脏。之所以称之为痹，是因为反复感受邪气，病邪由浅入深，闭结阻滞而不能外出。《灵枢·五变篇》说：皮肤纹理粗糙且肌肉不坚实的人，容易患痹证。大概是因为纹理粗糙肌肉不坚实，导致腠理（皮肤纹理及汗孔）疏松而邪气容易侵入，于是停留阻滞而形成痹证。
[Diagram of the Nine Palaces and Solar Terms]
In *Suwen: Bi Lun* (Treatise on Obstruction Syndromes), the Yellow Emperor asked, "How are obstruction syndromes generated?" Qibo replied, "When Wind, Cold, and Dampness three pathogens mix and invade together, they combine to form an obstruction syndrome. When Wind Qi is predominant, it is called Xing Bi (Wandering Obstruction); when Cold Qi is predominant, it is called Tong Bi (Painful Obstruction); when Dampness Qi is predominant, it is called Zhuo Bi (Fixed Obstruction)."
Wind belongs to Yang, while Cold and Dampness belong to Yin. These three pathogens mix and combine to form an obstruction disease. Wind is Yang in nature and its character is moving and unstable; it injures Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) and thus, when Wind is excessive, pain wanders about, hence named Wandering Obstruction. Cold is Yin in nature and its character is congealing and contracting; it injures Ying Blood (Nutritive Blood) and thus, when Cold is excessive, the body suffers from pain, hence named Painful Obstruction. Dampness pathogen is turbid and stagnant, injuring both Ying and Wei Qi; thus, when Dampness is excessive, Qi and Blood stagnate and adhere, causing heaviness of the body, hence named Fixed Obstruction. This is one disease divided into three syndromes based on the predominance of the pathogens.
The Yellow Emperor asked, "Why are there five types?" Qibo replied, "Those who encounter this [pathogenic combination] in Winter are called Gu Bi (Bone Obstruction); those who encounter it in Spring are called Jin Bi (Sinew Obstruction); those who encounter it in Summer are called Mai Bi (Vessel Obstruction); those who encounter it during the Late Summer (Zhi Yin period) are called Ji Bi (Muscle Obstruction); and those who encounter it in Autumn are called Pi Bi (Skin Obstruction)."
The Kidney governs the Winter season, and bones belong to the Kidney; the Liver governs the Spring season, and sinews belong to the Liver; the Heart governs the Summer season, and blood vessels belong to the Heart; the Spleen governs the Late Summer, and muscles belong to the Spleen; the Lung governs the Autumn season, and skin and hair belong to the Lung. The *Feng Lun* (Treatise on Wind) in this classic states: "Those injured by Wind on Jia-Yi days [Wood days] in Spring will develop Liver Wind, and the same applies to other Zang organs." The pathology of Bi pathogens follows this same principle. Essentially, the Five Zang organs correspond to the climatic characteristics of the Five Seasons; therefore, external pathogens take advantage of the seasonal Qi to enter their respective regions, resulting in disease.
The Yellow Emperor asked, "What causes the internal lodging of pathogens in the Five Zang and Six Fu organs?" Qibo replied, "Each Zang organ has a corresponding exterior tissue. If the disease persists for a long time without resolving, the pathogen internally lodges in its corresponding organ. Thus, if Bone Obstruction does not resolve and the patient is re-exposed to pathogens, the pathogen internally lodges in the Kidney; if Sinew Obstruction does not resolve and the patient is re-exposed, it lodges in the Liver; if Vessel Obstruction does not resolve and the patient is re-exposed, it lodges in the Heart; if Muscle Obstruction does not resolve and the patient is re-exposed, it lodges in the Spleen; if Skin Obstruction does not resolve and the patient is re-exposed, it lodges in the Lung. What is referred to as Bi syndrome is caused by repeatedly encountering Wind, Cold, and Dampness pathogens during their respective seasons."
All twelve meridians of the hands and feet have acupoints, named Jing-Well, Ying-Spring, Shu-Stream, Jing-River, and He-Sea points. The points where Qi emerges are called Jing-Well points; the points where Qi enters deeply are called He-Sea points. Qi and Blood exit and enter through these points, circulating throughout the body. Pathogens invade taking advantage of seasonal Qi; if they remain for a long time without departing, they internally lodge in the corresponding tissues. If they still do not depart and the patient is re-exposed to pathogens, they deeply lodge in the Zang organs. It is precisely because of repeated exposure to pathogens that the disease progresses from superficial to deep levels, becoming closed and obstructed, unable to exit. Hence, it is named Bi. The *Lingshu: Wu Bian Pian* (Chapter on Five Variations) states: "Those with coarse skin texture and unfirm muscles are prone to Bi diseases." This is because coarse texture and unfirm muscles lead to loose Cou Li (skin pores and interstices), allowing pathogens to easily enter and remain stagnant, thereby forming Bi syndrome.