《灵枢·玉版篇》帝曰∶诸病皆有逆顺，可得闻乎？岐伯曰∶腹胀，身热，脉大，是一逆也；腹鸣而
满，四肢清，泄，其脉大，是二逆也；衄而不止，脉大，是三逆也；咳且溲血，脱形，其脉小劲，是四逆也；
咳，脱形，身热，脉小以疾，是谓五逆也。如是者，不过十五日而死矣。其腹大胀，四末清，脱形，泄甚，是
一逆也；腹胀便血，其脉大，脉绝，是二逆也；咳，溲血，形肉脱，脉搏，是三逆也；呕血，胸满引背，脉小
而疾，是四逆也；咳，呕，腹胀，且飧泄，其脉绝，是五逆也。如是者，不过一时而死矣。工不察此者而刺之，
是谓逆治。
腹胀，身热，脉大，表里俱邪盛而不得泄也；腹鸣而满，四肢清冷，后泄，是虚寒而阳败，脉反大，根元
外脱也；衄而不止，脉大，孤阳上脱也；咳者，虚火上炎，溲血，其阴下泄，此内伤久而脱形，其脉小弱，
犹可治之，小劲，则正败邪胜也；咳而脱形，脾肺俱败，脉小以疾，血液皆枯矣。如是者，不过十五日而死。
五日为一候，三候为一气，气变而人身之本元绝也。其腹大胀，四末清冷，中阳已败，脱形泄甚，元气垂绝也；
腹胀便血，阴阳两伤，其脉反大，是真脏脉现，绝则气绝也；咳而溲血，形肉脱，阴已竭矣，脉反搏，孤阳将
去也；呕血，胸满引背，邪气上逆，脉小而疾，阴阳俱竭也；咳，呕，腹胀，且飧泄，邪气结而本元败，脉绝
而气绝也。如是者，不过一时而死。以上皆言不可治之证，当熟识而勿妄治，治之反招尤悔也。
《灵枢·五禁篇》帝曰∶何谓五夺？岐伯曰∶形肉已夺，是一夺也；大夺血之后，是二夺也；大汗出之
后，是三夺也；大泄之后，是四夺也；新产及大血之后，是五夺也。此皆不可泻。
夺者，伤之甚也。气血伤甚，即有外邪，亦不可泻，泻之本元先脱，故仲景论中有禁汗、禁下之条，多立
善法以治之也。
帝曰∶何谓五逆？岐伯曰∶热病脉静，汗已出，脉盛躁，是一逆也；病泄，脉洪大，是二逆也；着痹不
移， 肉破，身热，脉偏绝，是三逆也；淫而夺形，身热，色夭然白，及后下血 ，血 笃重，是谓四逆也；
寒热夺形，脉坚搏，是谓五逆也。
热病脉应洪数而反静，元气败而邪热不去也，汗已出，脉应静而反躁盛，是精却而邪胜也；病泄气陷，
脉应小弱而反洪大，根本虚脱也；着痹不移，则气血不活， 肉破，身热，土败而阴
涸也，故其脉偏绝，气血不周矣；淫邪久伤形体，而身热色白，则阴阳两损，又下血 笃重，而本元竭矣；
发寒热而形夺，则营卫阴阳俱伤，其脉坚搏，是无胃气之真脏脉现，故皆为五逆之死证也。
《灵枢·玉版篇》黄帝问道：各种疾病都有顺证和逆证的区别，可以讲给我听吗？岐伯回答说：腹部胀满，身体发热，脉搏盛大，这是第一种逆证；肠鸣音亢进且腹部胀满，四肢发凉，腹泻，脉搏盛大，这是第二种逆证；鼻出血不止，脉搏盛大，这是第三种逆证；咳嗽且小便带血，形体消瘦脱失，脉搏细小而强劲，这是第四种逆证；咳嗽，形体消瘦脱失，身体发热，脉搏细小且快速，这称为第五种逆证。出现这种情况的，不超过十五天就会死亡。如果腹部高度胀大，四肢末端清冷，形体极度消瘦，腹泻严重，这是第一种逆证；腹部胀满且大便出血，脉搏盛大或脉象消失（无脉），这是第二种逆证；咳嗽，小便带血，肌肉消脱，脉搏坚搏有力，这是第三种逆证；呕血，胸部胀满并牵引背部疼痛，脉搏细小且快速，这是第四种逆证；咳嗽，呕吐，腹部胀满，并且伴有完谷不化的泄泻，脉搏消失，这是第五种逆证。出现这种情况的，不超过一个时辰就会死亡。医生如果不明察这些情况就进行针刺治疗，这就叫做“逆治”（误治）。
腹部胀满，身体发热，脉搏盛大，说明表里邪气都盛实而不得宣泄；肠鸣音亢进且腹部胀满，四肢清冷，后阴泄泻，这是虚寒证且阳气败坏，脉搏反而盛大，是元气根蒂外脱的表现；鼻出血不止，脉搏盛大，是孤阳上越外脱的表现；咳嗽，是虚火上炎，小便带血，是阴液下泄，这种内伤日久导致形体消瘦，如果脉搏细小虚弱，还可以治疗，如果脉搏细小而强劲，则是正气败坏、邪气胜实；咳嗽且形体消瘦脱失，是脾肺两脏功能俱败，脉搏细小且快速，说明血液已经枯竭。像这样的情况，不超过十五天就会死亡。五天为一候，三候为一气，当节气变化时，人体的根本元气断绝了。腹部高度胀大，四肢末端清冷，形体极度消瘦，腹泻严重，是中焦阳气已败，元气垂危将绝；腹部胀满且大便出血，阴阳两伤，脉搏反而盛大，是真脏脉显现，脉绝则气绝；咳嗽且小便带血，肌肉消脱，阴液已经枯竭，脉搏反而坚搏，是孤阳即将离去；呕血，胸部胀满牵引背部，是邪气上逆，脉搏细小且快速，是阴阳俱竭；咳嗽，呕吐，腹部胀满，并且伴有完谷不化的泄泻，是邪气结聚且根本元气败坏，脉搏消失且气绝。像这样的情况，不超过一个时辰就会死亡。以上所说的都是不可治疗的证候，应当仔细识别而不要妄加治疗，否则治疗反而会招致过失和悔恨。
《灵枢·五禁篇》黄帝问道：什么叫作“五夺”？岐伯回答说：形体肌肉已经极度消瘦，这是第一夺；大量失血之后，这是第二夺；大汗出之后，这是第三夺；剧烈腹泻之后，这是第四夺；刚分娩后及大量出血之后，这是第五夺。这些情况都不可使用泻法。
“夺”，是指损伤非常严重。气血受到严重损伤，即使有外邪侵袭，也不可施用泻法，因为泻法会使原本已经虚弱的元气进一步脱失，所以张仲景在论述中有禁止发汗、禁止攻下的条文，多设立妥善的方法来治疗。
黄帝问道：什么叫作“五逆”？岐伯回答说：热病患者的脉搏本应洪数却反而平静，出汗之后，脉搏反而盛大躁动，这是第一种逆证；患泄泻病，脉搏洪大，这是第二种逆证；着痹（以肢体沉重固定不移为特征的痹证）症状不移动，肌肉溃破，身体发热，脉搏一侧消失，这是第三种逆证；因房劳过度等耗损形体，身体发热，面色枯槁苍白，以及随后出现便血，血色深重难治，这称为第四种逆证；患有寒热往来的病症且形体消瘦，脉搏坚硬搏指，这称为第五种逆证。
热病的脉搏应该洪数却反而平静，是元气败坏而邪热不去；出汗之后，脉搏应该平静却反而躁动盛大，是精血退却而邪气胜实；患泄泻病气机下陷，脉搏应该细小虚弱却反而洪大，是根本虚脱；着痹不移，说明气血不通畅，肌肉溃破，身体发热，是脾土败坏而阴液枯竭，所以脉搏一侧消失，说明气血不能周流全身；淫邪久伤形体，且身体发热面色苍白，是阴阳两损，再加上便血严重，根本元气已经耗尽；发生寒热往来且形体消瘦，是营卫阴阳都受伤，其脉搏坚硬搏指，是无胃气的真脏脉显现，所以这些都是五逆的死证。
In the *Ling Shu: Yu Ban Pian* (Spiritual Pivot: Chapter on the Jade Tablet), the Yellow Emperor asked, "All diseases have favorable and unfavorable prognoses; may I hear about them?" Qibo replied, "Abdominal distension accompanied by fever and a large pulse is the first unfavorable prognosis; borborygmus with abdominal fullness, cold extremities, diarrhea, and a large pulse is the second unfavorable prognosis; epistaxis that does not stop, with a large pulse, is the third unfavorable prognosis; coughing with hematuria, emaciation, and a small yet forceful pulse is the fourth unfavorable prognosis; coughing, emaciation, fever, and a small and rapid pulse are called the fifth unfavorable prognosis. In such cases, death will occur within fifteen days. If the abdomen is massively distended, the four extremities are cold, there is severe emaciation, and profuse diarrhea, this is the first unfavorable prognosis; abdominal distension with hematochezia, a large pulse or an absent pulse, is the second unfavorable prognosis; coughing with hematuria, wasting of flesh, and a pounding pulse is the third unfavorable prognosis; hematemesis with chest fullness radiating to the back, and a small and rapid pulse, is the fourth unfavorable prognosis; coughing, vomiting, abdominal distension, and undigested food in the stool (canjie diarrhea), with an absent pulse, is the fifth unfavorable prognosis. In such cases, death will occur within one shichen (two hours). If physicians do not observe these conditions and proceed with acupuncture, it is called 'treating against the nature' (mistreatment)."
"Abdominal distension with fever and a large pulse indicates that pathogenic factors in both the interior and exterior are exuberant and cannot be vented; borborygmus with abdominal fullness, cold extremities, and diarrhea indicate deficiency-cold and failure of Yang Qi, while the pulse being surprisingly large suggests the external shedding of the root Yuan Qi; epistaxis that does not stop with a large pulse indicates the upward and outward shedding of solitary Yang; coughing indicates deficient fire flaming upward, and hematuria indicates the downward leakage of Yin fluids. In cases of chronic internal injury leading to emaciation, if the pulse is small and weak, it is still treatable; however, if it is small and forceful, it indicates the failure of righteous Qi and the dominance of pathogenic factors; coughing with emaciation indicates the joint failure of the Spleen and Lung, and a small and rapid pulse indicates that blood and fluids are exhausted. In such cases, death will occur within fifteen days. Five days constitute one hou (decad); three hous constitute one qi (solar term/phase). When the qi changes, the fundamental Yuan Qi of the human body is severed. Massive abdominal distension with cold extremities, severe emaciation, and profuse diarrhea indicate the failure of middle Jiao Yang Qi and the imminent exhaustion of Yuan Qi; abdominal distension with hematochezia and a surprisingly large pulse indicate damage to both Yin and Yang, the manifestation of Zang-Fu pulses (True Organ Pulses), where pulse absence signifies Qi cessation; coughing with hematuria and wasting of flesh indicate the exhaustion of Yin fluids, while a surprisingly pounding pulse indicates the impending departure of solitary Yang; hematemesis with chest fullness radiating to the back indicates rebellious pathogenic Qi, and a small and rapid pulse indicates the exhaustion of both Yin and Yang; coughing, vomiting, abdominal distension, and canjie diarrhea indicate the knotting of pathogenic factors and the failure of the root Yuan Qi, where pulse absence signifies Qi cessation. In such cases, death will occur within one shichen. The above all describe untreatable syndromes. One must familiarize oneself with them thoroughly and avoid reckless treatment, as treating them may instead invite blame and regret."
In the *Ling Shu: Wu Jin Pian* (Spiritual Pivot: Chapter on the Five Prohibitions), the Yellow Emperor asked, "What is meant by the 'Five Deprivations'?" Qibo replied, "Severe emaciation of form and flesh is the first deprivation; after massive blood loss, it is the second deprivation; after profuse sweating, it is the third deprivation; after severe diarrhea, it is the fourth deprivation; after recent childbirth and massive blood loss, it is the fifth deprivation. In all these cases, purgative methods (Xie) must not be used."
"Deprivation" refers to severe injury. When Qi and Blood are severely damaged, even if external pathogens are present, purgative methods must not be used, because purging would cause the already depleted Yuan Qi to escape further. Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing's discussions contain clauses prohibiting sweating and purging, establishing many proper methods for treatment.
The Yellow Emperor asked, "What is meant by the 'Five Unfavorable Prognoses'?" Qibo replied, "In heat diseases, the pulse should be surging and rapid but is instead quiet; after sweating, the pulse should become quiet but is instead surging and restless—this is the first unfavorable prognosis; in cases of diarrhea, the pulse is surging and large—this is the second unfavorable prognosis; in Zhuo Bi (a type of Bi syndrome characterized by heaviness and immobility), the symptoms do not shift, muscles are ulcerated, there is fever, and the pulse is absent on one side—this is the third unfavorable prognosis; due to excessive indulgence depleting the form, there is fever, a sallow white complexion, and subsequent severe hematochezia—this is called the fourth unfavorable prognosis; in cases of alternating chills and fever with emaciation, the pulse is firm and pounding—this is called the fifth unfavorable prognosis."
"In heat diseases, the pulse should be surging and rapid but is instead quiet, indicating the failure of Yuan Qi while pathogenic heat remains; after sweating, the pulse should be quiet but is instead surging and restless, indicating that essence has retreated while pathogens have gained strength; in diarrhea, Qi sinks, so the pulse should be small and weak but is instead surging and large, indicating the collapse of the root; in Zhuo Bi with immobility, Qi and Blood are stagnant; with muscle ulceration and fever, Earth (Spleen) fails and Yin fluids dry up, hence the pulse is absent on one side, indicating that Qi and Blood do not circulate fully throughout the body; prolonged pathogenic invasion damages the form, and with fever and a sallow white complexion, both Yin and Yang are damaged; furthermore, severe hematochezia exhausts the root Yuan Qi; when alternating chills and fever accompany emaciation, Ying and Wei, Yin and Yang are all injured, and a firm, pounding pulse indicates the manifestation of Zang-Fu pulses devoid of Stomach Qi. Therefore, all these are fatal signs of the Five Unfavorable Prognoses."