细生地五钱麦冬(不去心)五钱藿香梗二钱茯苓块三钱沙参三钱广郁金一钱五分杏仁粉三钱丹皮三钱生扁豆三钱苦桔梗三钱象贝二钱煮三杯，渣再煮一杯，分四次服。
析；八诊时见肺部病变仍然明显，故重新再治上焦。但象贝、桔梗、梨皮、桑叶、杏仁泥等药，开始时就已经用过，现在咳甚痰艰，所以将剂量加重，以冀能效。因为“菊花能补金水二脏，故用之以补其不足。”桑菊饮本是鞠通治手太阴温病之习用方，“在血分者，去薄荷、芦根，加麦冬，细生地。玉竹、丹皮”，本是桑菊饮加减之常法，既然病仍在肺，所以治疗重心干脆再从下焦移到上焦，故继二甲复脉之后，立方取桑菊饮加减以为治，这是本案治疗过程中的又一个转折点。但九诊时发觉前方服后，仍发热，仍咳嗽，且增腹胀，这时考虑到先苦燥后柔润，药已服了数多日，脾胃不能无伤，故减轻、减去麦冬、玉竹等阴柔药，加入扁豆、藿香、茯苓、郁金等健脾渗湿、芳香理气之品，以冀中宫得振，腹胀可除。
评：此案先治上焦，续治中焦，后治下焦，现在重新开始再治上焦，九诊治疗重心又渐向中焦转移，至十诊再治下焦，这样子的运用三焦辨证法治温病，可谓奇绝。其实此病病位一直在肺，因初起用药轻淡如儿戏，不但针对性不强，且一误于恣用苦燥，促其加速燥化；二误于偏执存阴，坐使热灼阴伤。因频服这样的药，使机体的自调自控机能带来了干扰，故虽是生机正旺之少年，且病非肺痨、肺癌、肺痈类之比，病程竞若是缠绵，此案攻邪不力，补阴亦无益于祛病，肺部病变，竟若未治，决非病邪原已深入下焦，至廿三日重新有余邪陷入肺中，这在略具现代医学知识者，是都能理会的。
廿五日昨晚得黑宿粪若许，潮热退，唇舌仍绛。热之所过，其阴必伤，与复脉法复其阴。
大生地八钱麦冬(不去心)一两火麻仁三钱炒白芍六钱沙参三钱真阿胶(冲)二线生鳖甲五钱元参三钱炙甘草三钱生牡蛎粉五钱丹皮三钱水八琬，煮成三碗，分三次服，渣再煮一碗，明早服。
廿六日又得宿粪若许，邪气己退八九，但正阴虚耳，故不欲食，晚间干咳无痰。
大生地八钱麦冬(不去心)六钱火麻仁三钱生白芍五钱天冬二钱牡蛎粉三钱北沙参三钱阿胶(冲)三钱炙甘草三钱煮三杯，分三次服。外用梨汁，荸荠汁、藕汁各一黄酒杯，重汤炖温频服。
细生地五钱元参六钱知母(炒黑)二钱火麻仁三钱麦冬(不去心)六钱阿胶二钱郁李仁二钱沙参三钱梨汁一杯(冲)荸荠汁一杯(冲)煮三杯，分二次服。
析：该派对外感热病，认为；“温病为阳邪，火必克金，故先犯肺，火性炎上，难得下行，移其热由腑出，正是病之去路。”有鉴得宿粪后，潮热渐退，症状有所改善，至此已知腹胀腹痛拒按是燥屎，故不再屈扁豆、茯苓等药。此后屡以宿粪燥屎为言，对此很为重视。但因阴伤未复，故再用滋阴润操之法。廿五日尚防痉厥发生，故仍用二甲复脉汤加减，药法与七诊时无甚差别，服后又得宿粪若许，病况续有好转，故廿六日改用一甲复脉汤加减。至廿七日因仍有潮热、燥屎，且是在服一甲复脉汤之后，故改用增液汤加味以滋阴清热。润燥通便。
评；此案病程日久，至廿五日，实际上已开始进入恢复期。廿四日自行排便，是机体自调自控机能渐趋恢复之表现，此案若先前重视清肺撤热、通腑泄热等治法，是完全有可能缩短疗程的。但廿五日改用滋阴润燥，药法未尚大误。唯嫌其清热递腑始终不力，故宿粪下而复结，潮热退而复来。
廿八日伏暑内溃，续出白痧少许，脉较前恰稍和，第二次舌苔木化，不大便。
麦冬(不去心)六线大生地五钱毛参三钱沙参三钱牛蒡子(炒研细)三钱阿肢一钱五分连翘(连心)二钱生甘草一钱麻仁三钱银花(炒)二钱煮三杯，分三次服。服此，晚间大便。
九月初四日潮热复作，四日不大便。燥粪复聚，与增液承气汤微和之。
二参五钱细生地五钱大黄(生)二饯麦冬(不去心)五钱炙甘草一钱煮二杯，分二次服。服此，得黑燥粪若许，而潮热退，脉静，以后与养阴收功。
析：出现白痦，是邪机外透之表现，说明病变在继续好转，故廿八日以增液汤为主，加入银翘、牛蒡等以助滋阴透邪。廿九日因燥屎解而复结，潮热仍然未尽，故改用清滋互用、攻补兼施法。
评：肺与大肠相表里，因肺部炎症而发高烧，引起燥屎内结者，通腑泄热，是值得重视的治法，此案一开始就有腹胀腹痛拒按之证，但一直没有想到是燥屎内结，所以增液承气一法，一直到病延日久，渐趋恢复时才一用，这显然是太迟了些。
结语：从理论上来说，《温病条辨》一书，疵谬矛盾，不胜枚举；从临床上来看，《吴鞠通医案》中诸如以上的一些医案，因循失误，实效不佳。事实如此。而清后不少医者，只知一味的学他捧他，怪不得有人说：叶天士派的轻清药法，使中医治术上退化不少。这确是一个不容予以忽视的问题。^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
卷三外感热病杂论
清以后治外感热病之学的流派有三
清以后治外感热病之学的流派，见诸医书者，有叶吴学派、孟河医派，绍派伤寒、恽氏学派，祝氏学派等。一般将上述学派分隶于伤寒学派、温热学派二大支，然以余之见，清以后治外感热病之学的流派，实成鼎足之势，现将其三者，略述如下：
其一，以叶桂、吴瑭、王士雄、章楠等人为一派，近人如金寿山等亦可隶属之。此派尊叶氏为首，故后人称之为叶派。叶派之外感热病学术观：谓伤寒先伤足太阳，温病先伤手太阴。认为二者在病因、病理、治法上都截然不同。而外感中除狭义伤寒一证之外，其余全是温热。又谓南方无真伤寒，尽是温热。故其辨证另辟卫气营血、三焦之新径，认为：仲景伤寒，先分六经，河间温热，须究三焦。处处以示寒温之对峙。因以温病从上而下，伤寒从外而里，故复倡治上焦如羽，非轻不举等说，药法亦因之以擅用轻清、重视滋阴称。对用辛温燥药如麻、桂之类的治外感，每有痛切之戒。并谓柴胡劫肝阴，葛根竭胃汁，对易于伤阴之品，亦绝不轻用。此派以倡言温热著名于医林，治病多自创新方，凡外感热病初起，如桑菊，银翘之类，最多赏用，故被后人称为温热派或时方派。现由于统一作为全国高等医药院校教材的《温病学》，悉以叶吴之学为尊，加上其他一些原因，其影响之大，固已为其他学派所未能及。
其二，以陆九芝、恽铁樵、祝味菊、孔庆莱、章巨膺等人为—派。此派中人，有—共同之点，即是站在叶派对立面来研究外感热病，故对叶派之理论，尤其是对叶派之治术，每多激烈的批评。因崇尚经学，抨击叶吴，为该派学术上之一大特色，故谓“废伤寒则六经失传，废六经则百病失传，莫谓《指南》所言无关大局也。”并谓“伤寒以《伤寒论》为准，温病亦当以《伤寒论》为准”(个别有主张利用六经名词而加以改革者，如祝味菊之五段代六经说)。此派以维护仲景学说著名于医林，而《伤寒论》为废止派攻击之重点，故有些人都是与废止派进行大论战的名将。其治病亦以善用经方称，故又被称为伤寒派或经方派。但现在由于作为全国统一教材的大中专中医讲义，无论是《温病学》还是《伤寒论》，都没有介绍此派的学术见解，各大医刊，对该派之学术观极少系统介绍，而介绍叶派学术观以及批判该派中人之文则屡见不鲜，加之此派医家之重要著作，如《世补斋医书》、《伤寒质难》、《温病明理》、《温病论衡》等，在近30年中，未见再版，加上其他一些原因，故此派之许多学术见解，已日渐为来者所罕知。但此派著作不少，论证严密，观点新颖，治效确凿，“双百”方针既已确定，一家一派之学长期宰据医坛所造成的沉闷空气，迟早总有一天要打破，故此派今后之影响，实难预料。
其三，以俞根初、何秀山、何廉臣、曹炳章等人为一派，近贤徐荣斋亦可隶属于其中。此派中人，大都厚古而不薄今，既善于继承发扬，亦注重吸收新知，对叶派之学，虽亦时有微词，但指摘较为温和，立论亦较持平，认为叶派药法，亦有可取，仲景之学，应当发扬。其在学术上的特点之一，是立足于寒温一统，不赞成寒温对立，故在此派之代表性著作《通俗伤寒论》中，其对外感热病之命名，就独具特色，如风温伤寒，春温伤寒，湿温伤寒，热证伤寒，伏暑伤寒，秋燥伤寒，冬温伤寒等等，既是温，又是寒，在病名上就反映出了一统寒温之主张。故即此一端，其对寒温之争所持之态度，即可想见。此派认为：“伤寒为外感百病之统称”，但“伏气多，新感少”，“叶氏之论温二十则……吴鞠通之《温病条辨》……立说非不精详，然皆为新感温暑而设，非为伏气温热而言。”但认为叶派清化、清透诸法，治伏火温病，亦有可取，故选方用药，主张崇实黜华，讲究实效，倡言“方求其验，岂判古今，药贵乎灵，何分中外。”此派前人称为绍派伤寒，就其学术观点论，是实实在在的寒温一统派，因该派以讲究实效为原则，实亦可称为求实派。此派寒温一统之主张，潜移默化，已为当今许多学者所继承，且渐有获得中医界一致公认之趋向。
张山雷为《增订通俗伤寒论》作序，曾谓何廉臣与“孟英九芝两家，差堪鼎峙成三而无愧色。”其言虽未必着意三派说，然彼时治外感热病流派之按三分鼎足论，势已成矣！
柴胡解表之争平议
柴胡是外感最常用之药，也是争讼最多之药。关于解表，有温病不可用，伤寒可用；少阳病可用，他经病不可用，以及外感病均可用，他经病亦可用之争执，迄无定论，为求得正确理解，以便临床使用有所依据，本文拟就此作一分析平议。
持这种观点的医家认为：“柴胡为正伤寒要药，不可以概治温热诸感。”①李士材说；“柴胡，少阳经半表半里之药。病在太阳者，服之太早，则引贼入门。病在阴经者，复用柴胡，则重伤其表。世俗不知柴胡之用，每遇伤寒传经未明，以柴胡汤为不汗不吐不下，可以藏拙，辄混用之，杀人不可胜数矣。”②陈修园认为柴胡功主和解，并不发汗，他对景岳用柴胡发散解表的药法，攻排极烈，他说：“《神农本草经》……无一字言及发汗，故少阳证有汗吐下三禁，首禁发汗，仲景小柴胡汤用八两之多，其不发汗可知”，“景岳未读本草经，误认柴胡为散药”，自制柴胡饮六方，列散阵之首，“无知妄作，莫此为甚。”②丁寿昌则撰《温病忌用柴胡论》，谓“《温病条辨》中力戒温病不可用辛温解表，而柴胡为尤甚，何也？柴胡入足少阳，为发表升阳之剂，伤寒初起在太阳，而本病则在阳明，用柴胡引入少阳，谓之殊伐无过。且当春少阳司令之际，人多病温。温病者，阳伤阴也。当救其阴，而反以柴胡升少阳之气，益助其阳，阳火上降，则阴水下涸，是以柴胡下咽，则大汗神昏，遂成不治之证。汗者阴液，汗能亡阳，亦能亡阴。无汗而强发其汗，伤阴而重亡其阴。温病用柴胡，杀人不旋踵。余目击心伤，因撰此论以示人。”④丁氏甚至说：“少用一剂柴胡即多活一人性命”，能“弃而不用，亦保全性命之一道。”这与陈修园说伤寒病一年中因用景岳之柴胡饮诸方枉死几千万人，是同样激烈的调子。此外，如明·兰茂，清·黄宫绣、汪昂等人的医著中，也都有外感初起，无少阳证不可用柴胡之论述。这是一部分医家的意见。
二、外感都可用，且不必局限于少阳一经
【背景信息】
书名：热病衡正 章节：正文(18/49) 类别：伤寒
【待处理原文】
细生地五钱麦冬(不去心)五钱藿香梗二钱茯苓块三钱沙参三钱广郁金一钱五分杏仁粉三钱丹皮三钱生扁豆三钱苦桔梗三钱象贝二钱煮三杯，渣再煮一杯，分四次服。
析；八诊时见肺部病变仍然明显，故重新再治上焦。但象贝、桔梗、梨皮、桑叶、杏仁泥等药，开始时就已经用过，现在咳甚痰艰，所以将剂量加重，以冀能效。因为“菊花能补金水二脏，故用之以补其不足。”桑菊饮本是鞠通治手太阴温病之习用方，“在血分者，去薄荷、芦根，加麦冬，细生地。玉竹、丹皮”，本是桑菊饮加减之常法，既然病仍在肺，所以治疗重心干脆再从下焦移到上焦，故继二甲复脉之后，立方取桑菊饮加减以为治，这是本案治疗过程中的又一个转折点。但九诊时发觉前方服后，仍发热，仍咳嗽，且增腹胀，这时考虑到先苦燥后柔润，药已服了数多日，脾胃不能无伤，故减轻、减去麦冬、玉竹等阴柔药，加入扁豆、藿香、茯苓、郁金等健脾渗湿、芳香理气之品，以冀中宫得振，腹胀可除。
评：此案先治上焦，续治中焦，后治下焦，现在重新开始再治上焦，九诊治疗重心又渐向中焦转移，至十诊再治下焦，这样子的运用三焦辨证法治温病，可谓奇绝。其实此病病位一直在肺，因初起用药轻淡如儿戏，不但针对性不强，且一误于恣用苦燥，促其加速燥化；二误于偏执存阴，坐使热灼阴伤。因频服这样的药，使机体的自调自控机能带来了干扰，故虽是生机正旺之少年，且病非肺痨、肺癌、肺痈类之比，病程竞若是缠绵，此案攻邪不力，补阴亦无益于祛病，肺部病变，竟若未治，决非病邪原已深入下焦，至廿三日重新有余邪陷入肺中，这在略具现代医学知识者，是都能理会的。
廿五日昨晚得黑宿粪若许，潮热退，唇舌仍绛。热之所过，其阴必伤，与复脉法复其阴。
大生地八钱麦冬(不去心)一两火麻仁三钱炒白芍六钱沙参三钱真阿胶(冲)二线生鳖甲五钱元参三钱炙甘草三钱生牡蛎粉五钱丹皮三钱水八琬，煮成三碗，分三次服，渣再煮一碗，明早服。
廿六日又得宿粪若许，邪气己退八九，但正阴虚耳，故不欲食，晚间干咳无痰。
大生地八钱麦冬(不去心)六钱火麻仁三钱生白芍五钱天冬二钱牡蛎粉三钱北沙参三钱阿胶(冲)三钱炙甘草三钱煮三杯，分三次服。外用梨汁，荸荠汁、藕汁各一黄酒杯，重汤炖温频服。
细生地五钱元参六钱知母(炒黑)二钱火麻仁三钱麦冬(不去心)六钱阿胶二钱郁李仁二钱沙参三钱梨汁一杯(冲)荸荠汁一杯(冲)煮三杯，分二次服。
析：该派对外感热病，认为；“温病为阳邪，火必克金，故先犯肺，火性炎上，难得下行，移其热由腑出，正是病之去路。”有鉴得宿粪后，潮热渐退，症状有所改善，至此已知腹胀腹痛拒按是燥屎，故不再屈扁豆、茯苓等药。此后屡以宿粪燥屎为言，对此很为重视。但因阴伤未复，故再用滋阴润操之法。廿五日尚防痉厥发生，故仍用二甲复脉汤加减，药法与七诊时无甚差别，服后又得宿粪若许，病况续有好转，故廿六日改用一甲复脉汤加减。至廿七日因仍有潮热、燥屎，且是在服一甲复脉汤之后，故改用增液汤加味以滋阴清热。润燥通便。
评；此案病程日久，至廿五日，实际上已开始进入恢复期。廿四日自行排便，是机体自调自控机能渐趋恢复之表现，此案若先前重视清肺撤热、通腑泄热等治法，是完全有可能缩短疗程的。但廿五日改用滋阴润燥，药法未尚大误。唯嫌其清热递腑始终不力，故宿粪下而复结，潮热退而复来。
廿八日伏暑内溃，续出白痧少许，脉较前恰稍和，第二次舌苔木化，不大便。
麦冬(不去心)六线大生地五钱毛参三钱沙参三钱牛蒡子(炒研细)三钱阿肢一钱五分连翘(连心)二钱生甘草一钱麻仁三钱银花(炒)二钱煮三杯，分三次服。服此，晚间大便。
九月初四日潮热复作，四日不大便。燥粪复聚，与增液承气汤微和之。
二参五钱细生地五钱大黄(生)二饯麦冬(不去心)五钱炙甘草一钱煮二杯，分二次服。服此，得黑燥粪若许，而潮热退，脉静，以后与养阴收功。
析：出现白痦，是邪机外透之表现，说明病变在继续好转，故廿八日以增液汤为主，加入银翘、牛蒡等以助滋阴透邪。廿九日因燥屎解而复结，潮热仍然未尽，故改用清滋互用、攻补兼施法。
评：肺与大肠相表里，因肺部炎症而发高烧，引起燥屎内结者，通腑泄热，是值得重视的治法，此案一开始就有腹胀腹痛拒按之证，但一直没有想到是燥屎内结，所以增液承气一法，一直到病延日久，渐趋恢复时才一用，这显然是太迟了些。
结语：从理论上来说，《温病条辨》一书，疵谬矛盾，不胜枚举；从临床上来看，《吴鞠通医案》中诸如以上的一些医案，因循失误，实效不佳。事实如此。而清后不少医者，只知一味的学他捧他，怪不得有人说：叶天士派的轻清药法，使中医治术上退化不少。这确是一个不容予以忽视的问题。^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
卷三外感热病杂论
清以后治外感热病之学的流派有三
清以后治外感热病之学的流派，见诸医书者，有叶吴学派、孟河医派，绍派伤寒、恽氏学派，祝氏学派等。一般将上述学派分隶于伤寒学派、温热学派二大支，然以余之见，清以后治外感热病之学的流派，实成鼎足之势，现将其三者，略述如下：
其一，以叶桂、吴瑭、王士雄、章楠等人为一派，近人如金寿山等亦可隶属之。此派尊叶氏为首，故后人称之为叶派。叶派之外感热病学术观：谓伤寒先伤足太阳，温病先伤手太阴。认为二者在病因、病理、治法上都截然不同。而外感中除狭义伤寒一证之外，其余全是温热。又谓南方无真伤寒，尽是温热。故其辨证另辟卫气营血、三焦之新径，认为：仲景伤寒，先分六经，河间温热，须究三焦。处处以示寒温之对峙。因以温病从上而下，伤寒从外而里，故复倡治上焦如羽，非轻不举等说，药法亦因之以擅用轻清、重视滋阴称。对用辛温燥药如麻、桂之类的治外感，每有痛切之戒。并谓柴胡劫肝阴，葛根竭胃汁，对易于伤阴之品，亦绝不轻用。此派以倡言温热著名于医林，治病多自创新方，凡外感热病初起，如桑菊，银翘之类，最多赏用，故被后人称为温热派或时方派。现由于统一作为全国高等医药院校教材的《温病学》，悉以叶吴之学为尊，加上其他一些原因，其影响之大，固已为其他学派所未能及。
其二，以陆九芝、恽铁樵、祝味菊、孔庆莱、章巨膺等人为—派。此派中人，有—共同之点，即是站在叶派对立面来研究外感热病，故对叶派之理论，尤其是对叶派之治术，每多激烈的批评。因崇尚经学，抨击叶吴，为该派学术上之一大特色，故谓“废伤寒则六经失传，废六经则百病失传，莫谓《指南》所言无关大局也。”并谓“伤寒以《伤寒论》为准，温病亦当以《伤寒论》为准”(个别有主张利用六经名词而加以改革者，如祝味菊之五段代六经说)。此派以维护仲景学说著名于医林，而《伤寒论》为废止派攻击之重点，故有些人都是与废止派进行大论战的名将。其治病亦以善用经方称，故又被称为伤寒派或经方派。但现在由于作为全国统一教材的大中专中医讲义，无论是《温病学》还是《伤寒论》，都没有介绍此派的学术见解，各大医刊，对该派之学术观极少系统介绍，而介绍叶派学术观以及批判该派中人之文则屡见不鲜，加之此派医家之重要著作，如《世补斋医书》、《伤寒质难》、《温病明理》、《温病论衡》等，在近30年中，未见再版，加上其他一些原因，故此派之许多学术见解，已日渐为来者所罕知。但此派著作不少，论证严密，观点新颖，治效确凿，“双百”方针既已确定，一家一派之学长期宰据医坛所造成的沉闷空气，迟早总有一天要打破，故此派今后之影响，实难预料。
其三，以俞根初、何秀山、何廉臣、曹炳章等人为一派，近贤徐荣斋亦可隶属于其中。此派中人，大都厚古而不薄今，既善于继承发扬，亦注重吸收新知，对叶派之学，虽亦时有微词，但指摘较为温和，立论亦较持平，认为叶派药法，亦有可取，仲景之学，应当发扬。其在学术上的特点之一，是立足于寒温一统，不赞成寒温对立，故在此派之代表性著作《通俗伤寒论》中，其对外感热病之命名，就独具特色，如风温伤寒，春温伤寒，湿温伤寒，热证伤寒，伏暑伤寒，秋燥伤寒，冬温伤寒等等，既是温，又是寒，在病名上就反映出了一统寒温之主张。故即此一端，其对寒温之争所持之态度，即可想见。此派认为：“伤寒为外感百病之统称”，但“伏气多，新感少”，“叶氏之论温二十则……吴鞠通之《温病条辨》……立说非不精详，然皆为新感温暑而设，非为伏气温热而言。”但认为叶派清化、清透诸法，治伏火温病，亦有可取，故选方用药，主张崇实黜华，讲究实效，倡言“方求其验，岂判古今，药贵乎灵，何分中外。”此派前人称为绍派伤寒，就其学术观点论，是实实在在的寒温一统派，因该派以讲究实效为原则，实亦可称为求实派。此派寒温一统之主张，潜移默化，已为当今许多学者所继承，且渐有获得中医界一致公认之趋向。
张山雷为《增订通俗伤寒论》作序，曾谓何廉臣与“孟英九芝两家，差堪鼎峙成三而无愧色。”其言虽未必着意三派说，然彼时治外感热病流派之按三分鼎足论，势已成矣！
柴胡解表之争平议
柴胡是外感最常用之药，也是争讼最多之药。关于解表，有温病不可用，伤寒可用；少阳病可用，他经病不可用，以及外感病均可用，他经病亦可用之争执，迄无定论，为求得正确理解，以便临床使用有所依据，本文拟就此作一分析平议。
持这种观点的医家认为：“柴胡为正伤寒要药，不可以概治温热诸感。”①李士材说；“柴胡，少阳经半表半里之药。病在太阳者，服之太早，则引贼入门。病在阴经者，复用柴胡，则重伤其表。世俗不知柴胡之用，每遇伤寒传经未明，以柴胡汤为不汗不吐不下，可以藏拙，辄混用之，杀人不可胜数矣。”②陈修园认为柴胡功主和解，并不发汗，他对景岳用柴胡发散解表的药法，攻排极烈，他说：“《神农本草经》……无一字言及发汗，故少阳证有汗吐下三禁，首禁发汗，仲景小柴胡汤用八两之多，其不发汗可知”，“景岳未读本草经，误认柴胡为散药”，自制柴胡饮六方，列散阵之首，“无知妄作，莫此为甚。”②丁寿昌则撰《温病忌用柴胡论》，谓“《温病条辨》中力戒温病不可用辛温解表，而柴胡为尤甚，何也？柴胡入足少阳，为发表升阳之剂，伤寒初起在太阳，而本病则在阳明，用柴胡引入少阳，谓之殊伐无过。且当春少阳司令之际，人多病温。温病者，阳伤阴也。当救其阴，而反以柴胡升少阳之气，益助其阳，阳火上降，则阴水下涸，是以柴胡下咽，则大汗神昏，遂成不治之证。汗者阴液，汗能亡阳，亦能亡阴。无汗而强发其汗，伤阴而重亡其阴。温病用柴胡，杀人不旋踵。余目击心伤，因撰此论以示人。”④丁氏甚至说：“少用一剂柴胡即多活一人性命”，能“弃而不用，亦保全性命之一道。”这与陈修园说伤寒病一年中因用景岳之柴胡饮诸方枉死几千万人，是同样激烈的调子。此外，如明·兰茂，清·黄宫绣、汪昂等人的医著中，也都有外感初起，无少阳证不可用柴胡之论述。这是一部分医家的意见。
二、外感都可用，且不必局限于少阳一经
[Background Information]
Book Title: Re Bing Heng Zheng (A Balanced Evaluation of Febrile Diseases)
Chapter: Main Text (18/49)
Category: Shang Han (Cold Damage)
[Original Text]
Xi Sheng Di (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) 5 qian, Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Tuber) 5 qian (without removing the heart), Huo Xiang Geng (Agastaches Rhizoma et Caulis) 2 qian, Fu Ling Kuai (Poria) 3 qian, Sha Shen (Glehniae Radix) 3 qian, Guang Yu Jin (Curcumae Aromatica Rhizoma) 1.5 qian, Xing Ren Fen (Armeniacae Semen Amarum Pulvis) 3 qian, Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex) 3 qian, Sheng Bian Dou (Phaseoli Semen) 3 qian, Ku Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix) 3 qian, Xiang Bei (Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus) 2 qian. Boil with water to obtain three cups of decoction; boil the dregs again to obtain one cup. Divide into four doses for oral administration.
Analysis: At the eighth consultation, it was observed that the pathological changes in the lungs remained obvious; therefore, treatment focused again on the Upper Jiao (Upper Burner). However, herbs such as Xiang Bei, Jie Geng, Li Pi (Pear Peel), Sang Ye (Mori Folium), and Xing Ren Ni (Armeniacae Semen Amarum Paste) had already been used at the beginning. Since the cough is now severe with difficult expectoration, the dosages were increased in hopes of efficacy. As stated, "Juhua (Chrysanthemi Flos) can tonify the Lung (Metal) and Kidney (Water) organs, so it is used to supplement their deficiency." Sang Ju Yin (Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum Decoction) is a commonly used formula by Wu Jutong (Ju Tong) for treating Hand-Taiyin Warm Disease. "For cases involving the Blood Level, remove Bo He (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) and Lu Gen (Phragmitis Rhizoma), and add Mai Dong, Xi Sheng Di, Yu Zhu (Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma), and Dan Pi." This is the standard modification method for Sang Ju Yin. Since the disease remains in the Lung, the focus of treatment was shifted decisively from the Lower Jiao back to the Upper Jiao. Thus, following Er Jia Fu Mai Tang (Double Shell Pulse-Recovering Decoction), a modified Sang Ju Yin was prescribed. This marked another turning point in the treatment process of this case. However, at the ninth consultation, it was found that after taking the previous prescription, fever and cough persisted, and abdominal distension increased. Considering that bitter-drying herbs were used first followed by moistening-yin herbs over many days, the Spleen and Stomach must have been injured. Therefore, the dosage of yin-nourishing and softening herbs like Mai Dong and Yu Zhu was reduced or removed, and herbs such as Bian Dou, Huo Xiang, Fu Ling, and Yu Jin were added to strengthen the Spleen, promote dampness drainage, and regulate Qi with aromatic properties, hoping to revitalize the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner) and eliminate abdominal distension.
Commentary: In this case, treatment began with the Upper Jiao, then moved to the Middle Jiao, and subsequently to the Lower Jiao. Now, treatment has restarted on the Upper Jiao. By the ninth consultation, the focus shifted gradually back to the Middle Jiao, and by the tenth consultation, it returned to the Lower Jiao. Such application of the San Jiao Syndrome Differentiation method to treat Warm Disease is truly remarkable. Actually, the site of this disease has always been the Lung. Because the initial medication was light and bland, almost like child's play, it lacked specificity. Moreover, two errors occurred: first, the indiscriminate use of bitter-drying herbs accelerated desiccation; second, an obsession with preserving Yin allowed heat to scorch and injure Yin. Frequent intake of such medications interfered with the body's self-regulatory mechanisms. Thus, although the patient was a youth with vigorous vitality and the disease was not comparable to consumption, lung cancer, or lung abscess, the course was surprisingly lingering. In this case, attacking pathogens was ineffective, and nourishing Yin did not aid in eliminating the disease. The lung pathology seemed untreated. It was certainly not that the pathogen had originally penetrated deeply into the Lower Jiao; rather, by the 23rd day, residual pathogens re-entered the Lung. This is understandable even to those with basic modern medical knowledge.
On the night of the 25th, dark, retained stool was passed. The tidal fever subsided, but the lips and tongue remained crimson. Wherever heat passes, Yin is inevitably injured. The Fu Mai method (Pulse-Recovering Method) is applied to restore Yin.
Da Sheng Di (Rehmanniae Radix) 8 qian, Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Tuber) 1 liang (without removing the heart), Huo Ma Ren (Cannabis Fructus) 3 qian, Chao Bai Shao (Fried Paeoniae Radix Alba) 6 qian, Sha Shen (Glehniae Radix) 3 qian, Zhen E Jiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin, dissolved) 2 qian, Sheng Bie Jia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum) 5 qian, Yuan Shen (Scrophulariae Radix) 3 qian, Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 3 qian, Sheng Mu Li (Ostreae Concha Pulvis) 5 qian, Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex) 3 qian. Add eight bowls of water, boil down to three bowls. Divide into three doses. Boil the dregs again to obtain one bowl for consumption the next morning.
On the 26th, more retained stool was passed. The pathogenic factor has receded by eight or nine parts, but there is only Deficiency-Yin. Hence, there is no desire to eat, and dry cough without sputum occurs in the evening.
Da Sheng Di (Rehmanniae Radix) 8 qian, Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Tuber) 6 qian (without removing the heart), Huo Ma Ren (Cannabis Fructus) 3 qian, Sheng Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) 5 qian, Tian Dong (Asparagi Radix) 2 qian, Mu Li (Ostreae Concha) 3 qian, Bei Sha Shen (Glehniae Radix) 3 qian, E Jiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin, dissolved) 3 qian, Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 3 qian. Boil to obtain three cups, divide into three doses. Externally, prepare Pear Juice, Water Chestnut Juice, and Lotus Root Juice, one yellow wine glass each. Simmer in a double boiler until warm and take frequently.
On the 27th, Heat has damaged Body Fluids. The stool is dry, there is slight tidal fever, dry cough, and red tongue. The Sweet-Moistening method is used.
Xi Sheng Di (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) 5 qian, Yuan Shen (Scrophulariae Radix) 6 qian, Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, fried black) 2 qian, Huo Ma Ren (Cannabis Fructus) 3 qian, Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Tuber) 6 qian (without removing the heart), E Jiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin) 2 qian, Yu Li Ren (Pruni Semen) 2 qian, Sha Shen (Glehniae Radix) 3 qian, Li Zhi (Pear Juice, dissolved) 1 cup, Bi Qi Zhi (Water Chestnut Juice, dissolved) 1 cup. Boil to obtain three cups, divide into two doses.
Analysis: This school believes regarding Exogenous Febrile Diseases: "Warm Disease is a Yang Pathogen; Fire necessarily conquers Metal (Lung), thus attacking the Lung first. Fire nature flares upward and rarely descends; transferring its heat out through the Fu Organs is indeed the path of disease exit." Observing that after passing retained stool, the tidal fever gradually subsided and symptoms improved, it was known that abdominal distension, pain, and tenderness against pressure indicated Dry Stool. Therefore, Bian Dou and Fu Ling were no longer used. Thereafter, mentions of retained stool and dry stool were frequent, showing great importance attached to this. However, because Yin injury had not recovered, the Moistening-Yin and Lubricating method was used again. On the 25th, to prevent convulsions and syncope, Er Jia Fu Mai Tang (Double Shell Pulse-Recovering Decoction) was still used with modifications, similar to the seventh consultation. After taking it, more retained stool was passed, and the condition continued to improve. Thus, on the 26th, Yi Jia Fu Mai Tang (Single Shell Pulse-Recovering Decoction) with modifications was adopted. By the 27th, due to persistent tidal fever and dry stool, and having taken Yi Jia Fu Mai Tang, Zeng Ye Tang (Increase Fluids Decoction) with additions was used to nourish Yin, clear Heat, lubricate dryness, and unblock bowels.
Commentary: The course of this case was long. By the 25th, it had essentially entered the recovery phase. Spontaneous defecation on the 24th was a manifestation of the gradual recovery of the body's self-regulatory mechanisms. If earlier emphasis had been placed on clearing Lung Heat and purging the Bowels to drain Heat, shortening the course would have been possible. However, switching to nourishing Yin and lubricating dryness on the 25th was not a major error. The only flaw was that clearing Heat and purging the Bowels was consistently insufficient, causing retained stool to form again after evacuation and tidal fever to return after subsiding.
On the 28th, latent Summerheat internalized and ruptured, continuing to release a small amount of white miliary rash. The pulse was slightly harmonious compared to before. The tongue coating underwent a second transformation (became woody/dry), and there was no bowel movement.
Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Tuber) 6 qian (without removing the heart), Da Sheng Di (Rehmanniae Radix) 5 qian, Mao Shen (Codonopsis Radix) 3 qian, Sha Shen (Glehniae Radix) 3 qian, Niu Bang Zi (Arctii Fructus, fried and ground fine) 3 qian, E Jiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin) 1.5 qian, Lian Qiao (Forsythiae Fructus, with heart) 2 qian, Sheng Gan Cao (Raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 1 qian, Ma Ren (Cannabis Fructus) 3 qian, Yin Hua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, fried) 2 qian. Boil to obtain three cups, divide into three doses. After taking this, bowel movement occurred in the evening.
On the 4th day of the 9th lunar month, tidal fever recurred. No bowel movement for four days. Dry stool accumulated again. Zeng Ye Cheng Qi Tang (Increase Fluids and Drain Intestines Decoction) was given mildly to harmonize.
Er Shen (Two Ginsengs/Codons and Glehnias) 5 qian, Xi Sheng Di (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) 5 qian, Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, raw) 2 qian, Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Tuber) 5 qian (without removing the heart), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 1 qian. Boil to obtain two cups, divide into two doses. After taking this, dark dry stool was passed, tidal fever subsided, and the pulse became quiet. Subsequently, nourishing Yin was used to conclude the treatment.
Analysis: The appearance of white miliary rash is a manifestation of pathogenic factors emerging outward, indicating continued improvement of the lesion. Therefore, on the 28th, Zeng Ye Tang (Increase Fluids Decoction) was the main formula, with Yin Qiao (Honeysuckle and Forsythia) and Niu Bang Zi added to assist in nourishing Yin and venting pathogens. On the 29th, because dry stool formed again after evacuation and tidal fever had not fully subsided, a method combining clearing and nourishing, and attacking and tonifying, was adopted.
Commentary: The Lung and Large Intestine are exterior-interior related. High fever caused by pulmonary inflammation leading to internal accumulation of dry stool makes purging the Bowels to drain Heat a treatment method worthy of attention. This case presented with abdominal distension, pain, and tenderness from the start, yet the possibility of dry stool accumulation was never considered. Thus, the Zeng Ye Cheng Qi method was not used until the disease had lingered for a long time and approached recovery, which was obviously too late.
Conclusion: Theoretically, *Wen Bing Tiao Bian* (Systematic Differentiation of Warm Diseases) contains numerous flaws, contradictions, and errors. Clinically, some medical records in *Wu Jutong Yi An* (Medical Records of Wu Jutong), such as the above cases, suffer from routine errors and poor practical efficacy. This is the fact. Many physicians after the Qing Dynasty merely learned from and praised him blindly. No wonder some say: The light-clearing herbal methods of the Ye Tianshi school have caused significant regression in Traditional Chinese Medicine therapeutic techniques. This is indeed an issue that cannot be ignored.
Volume III: Miscellaneous Discussions on Exogenous Febrile Diseases
There are three schools of thought regarding the treatment of exogenous febrile diseases after the Qing Dynasty.
The schools of thought regarding the treatment of exogenous febrile diseases after the Qing Dynasty, as seen in medical books, include the Ye-Wu School, Menghe Medical School, Shao School of Shang Han, Yun School, and Zhu School. Generally, these schools are classified into two major branches: the Shang Han School and the Wen Re (Warm-Heat) School. However, in my opinion, the schools of thought regarding the treatment of exogenous febrile diseases after the Qing Dynasty actually form a tripod structure. I will briefly describe the three below:
First, the school represented by Ye Gui, Wu Tang, Wang Shixiong, Zhang Nan, etc., and recent scholars like Jin Shoushan can also be affiliated with it. This school reveres Ye Tianshi as its head, hence later generations call it the Ye School. The academic view of the Ye School on exogenous febrile diseases states: "Shang Han (Cold Damage) first injures the Foot-Taiyang channel, while Warm Disease first injures the Hand-Taiyin channel." They believe that the etiology, pathology, and treatment methods of the two are completely different. Except for the narrow-sense Shang Han syndrome among exogenous diseases, all others are Warm-Heat. They also claim there is no true Shang Han in the South, only Warm-Heat. Therefore, their syndrome differentiation opens new paths via Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue (Defensive-Qi-Blood-Fluid) and San Jiao (Triple Burner). They believe: "Zhongjing's Shang Han first divides by Six Channels, Hejian's Warm-Heat must investigate the Triple Burner." Everywhere they show the confrontation between Cold and Warm. Because Warm Disease moves from top to bottom, and Shang Han moves from outside to inside, they advocate "Treating the Upper Jiao is like feathers; if not light, it cannot lift," and their herbal methods are characterized by the skillful use of light-clearing herbs and emphasis on nourishing Yin. They often warn severely against using acrid-warm drying herbs like Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba) and Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) for treating exogenous diseases. They also state that Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) robs Liver Yin, and Ge Gen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) exhausts Stomach fluids, so they absolutely do not lightly use products that easily injure Yin. This school is famous for advocating Warm-Heat in the medical community. For treating diseases, they mostly create new formulas. For early-stage exogenous febrile diseases, such as Sang Ju Yin (Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum Decoction) and Yin Qiao San (Honeysuckle and Forsythia Powder), they are most frequently used, hence later generations call them the Warm-Heat School or Shi Fang (Contemporary Formula) School. Currently, because the unified textbook for national higher medical institutions, *Wen Bing Xue* (Diseases of Warmth), reveres the learning of Ye and Wu, plus other reasons, its influence is far greater than what other schools have achieved.
Second, the school represented by Lu Jiuzhi, Yun Tieqiao, Zhu Weiju, Kong Qinglai, Zhang Juying, etc. People in this school have a common point: they study exogenous febrile diseases from the opposite standpoint of the Ye School, thus often criticizing the theory and especially the treatment methods of the Ye School fiercely. Revering Classical Studies and attacking Ye and Wu is a major feature of this school's academics. Thus, they say, "Abolishing Shang Han causes the Six Channels to be lost; abolishing the Six Channels causes Hundred Diseases to be lost. Do not say what is said in the *Zhi Nan* is irrelevant to the big picture." And they state, "Shang Han takes *Shang Han Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage) as the standard, and Warm Disease should also take *Shang Han Lun* as the standard" (a few advocate utilizing the Six Channel terminology with reforms, such as Zhu Weiju's Five-Stage replacing Six-Channel theory). This school is famous in the medical community for defending Zhongjing's学说 (Doctrine). Since *Shang Han Lun* was the focus of attack by the Abolitionists, some members were famous generals in large debates with the Abolitionists. Their treatment is also known for skillfully using Jing Fang (Classical Formulas), hence they are also called the Shang Han School or Jing Fang School. However, currently, because university and college TCM lecture notes serving as national unified textbooks, whether *Wen Bing Xue* or *Shang Han Lun*, do not introduce this school's academic views, and major medical journals rarely systematically introduce this school's academic views, while articles introducing the Ye School's views and criticizing this school's members are frequent, plus important works of this school's physicians, such as *Shi Bu Zhai Yi Shu* (Medical Books of Shi Bu Studio), *Shang Han Zhi Nan* (Difficulties Explained for Shang Han), *Wen Bing Ming Li* (Clarified Principles of Warm Disease), *Wen Bing Lun Heng* (Balanced Discussion on Warm Disease), etc., have not been reprinted in nearly 30 years, plus other reasons, many academic views of this school have gradually become unknown to successors. But this school has many works, rigorous arguments, novel viewpoints, and confirmed therapeutic effects. Since the "Double Hundred" policy has been established, the stifling atmosphere caused by one school dominating the medical arena for a long time will surely be broken sooner or later. Thus, the future influence of this school is hard to predict.
Third, the school represented by Yu Genchu, He Xiushan, He Lianchen, Cao Bingzhang, etc., and recent sage Xu Rongzhai can also be affiliated with it. Most people in this school value the past without despising the present, good at inheriting and developing, and paying attention to absorbing new knowledge. Although they occasionally have mild criticisms of the Ye School, their指摘 (criticism) is relatively gentle, and their arguments are more balanced. They believe the Ye School's herbal methods have merits, and Zhongjing's learning should be developed. One of their academic characteristics is based on the unity of Cold and Warm, opposing the dichotomy of Cold and Warm. Therefore, in this school's representative work *Tong Su Shang Han Lun* (Popular Treatise on Cold Damage), the naming of exogenous febrile diseases is unique, such as Feng Wen Shang Han (Wind-Warmth Shang Han), Chun Wen Shang Han (Spring-Warmth Shang Han), Shi Wen Shang Han (Damp-Warmth Shang Han), Re Zheng Shang Han (Heat Syndrome Shang Han), Fu Shu Shang Han (Latent Summerheat Shang Han), Qiu Zao Shang Han (Autumn-Dryness Shang Han), Dong Wen Shang Han (Winter-Warmth Shang Han), etc. Both Warm and Cold are reflected in the disease names, manifesting the advocacy for the unity of Cold and Warm. From this alone, their attitude towards the Cold-Warm controversy can be imagined. This school believes: "Shang Han is the general term for Hundred Diseases of Exogenous origin," but "Latent Qi is abundant, New Sensation is rare." "Ye's discussion on Warmth... Wu Jutong's *Wen Bing Tiao Bian*... The theories are not imprecise or detailed, but they are all set for New Sensation Warmth and Summerheat, not for Latent Qi Warm-Heat." But they believe the Ye School's clearing-transforming and clearing-venting methods are also useful for treating Latent Fire Warm Disease. Therefore, in selecting formulas and herbs, they advocate valuing substance over ornament, emphasizing practical efficacy, and proclaiming "Formulas seek verification, why distinguish ancient and modern? Herbs value agility, why distinguish domestic and foreign?" This school was previously called the Shao School of Shang Han. From the perspective of academic views, it is a genuine unity-of-Cold-and-Warm school. Because this school takes practical efficacy as its principle, it can also be called the Pragmatic School. The主张 (advocacy) of this school for the unity of Cold and Warm has subtly influenced and been inherited by many scholars today, and there is a trend towards gaining consistent recognition in the TCM community.
Zhang Shanlei wrote a preface for *Zeng Ding Tong Su Shang Han Lun* (Supplemented and Revised Popular Treatise on Cold Damage), once stating that He Lianchen and the "Meng and Liu families could stand as a tripod of three without feeling ashamed." Although his words may not have intentionally proposed the three-school theory, at that time, the classification of exogenous febrile disease schools into a tripod structure had already taken shape!
A Balanced Discussion on the Controversy of Chai Hu for Resolving the Exterior
Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) is the most commonly used herb for exogenous diseases and also the most controversial. Regarding resolving the exterior, there are disputes: whether it cannot be used for Warm Disease but can be used for Shang Han; whether it can be used for Shaoyang Disease but not for other channels; and whether it can be used for all exogenous diseases and other channel diseases. No conclusion has been reached. To seek correct understanding and provide a basis for clinical use, this article intends to analyze and discuss this matter.
I. Warm Disease Should Be Strictly Forbidden, Shang Han Can Only Use It When Pathogen Reaches Shaoyang
Physicians holding this viewpoint believe: "Chai Hu is an essential herb for True Shang Han and cannot generally treat various Warm-Heat sensations." Li Shicai said: "Chai Hu is a herb for the half-exterior half-interior of the Shaoyang channel. If taken too early for diseases in the Taiyang channel, it leads the thief into the house. If reused for diseases in the Yin channels, it severely damages the exterior. The secular world does not know the use of Chai Hu. Whenever Shang Han transmission is unclear, they consider Chai Hu Tang as a way to hide incompetence since it induces neither sweating, vomiting, nor purgation, and thus mix it indiscriminately, killing countless people." Chen Xiuyuan believed Chai Hu's function is primarily harmonization and does not induce sweating. He fiercely criticized Jingyue's method of using Chai Hu to disperse and resolve the exterior, saying: "*Shennong Ben Cao Jing*... has not a single word mentioning inducing sweating. Therefore, the Shaoyang syndrome has three prohibitions: sweating, vomiting, and purgation, with sweating prohibited first. Zhongjing's Xiao Chai Hu Tang uses eight taels, so it is known that it does not induce sweating." "Jingyue did not read the *Ben Cao Jing* and mistakenly recognized Chai Hu as a dispersing herb." He self-made six formulas for Chai Hu Yin, listing them at the forefront of dispersing arrays. "Ignorant and reckless acts, none are worse than this." Ding Shouchang then wrote *Wen Bing Ji Yong Chai Hu Lun* (Discussion on Prohibiting Chai Hu for Warm Disease), stating: "*Wen Bing Tiao Bian* strongly warns that Warm Disease cannot use acrid-warm exterior-resolving herbs, and Chai Hu is the worst. Why? Chai Hu enters the Foot-Shaoyang channel and is an agent for releasing the exterior and raising Yang. Shang Han initially starts in Taiyang, but this disease is in Yangming. Using Chai Hu to guide it into Shaoyang is called punishing the innocent. Moreover, when Spring Shaoyang commands, many people suffer from Warm Disease. Warm Disease is Yang injuring Yin. One should save the Yin, but instead, Chai Hu raises Shaoyang Qi, further assisting Yang. If Yang fire flares downward, Yin water dries up. Thus, when Chai Hu is swallowed, profuse sweating and coma occur, becoming an incurable syndrome. Sweat is Yin fluid; sweating can cause loss of Yang and also loss of Yin. Forcing sweating when there is none injures Yin and heavily depletes Yin. Using Chai Hu for Warm Disease kills people instantly. I witnessed this with heartache, hence I wrote this discussion to show people." Ding even said: "Using one dose less of Chai Hu saves one more life," and "Abandoning and not using it is also a way to preserve life." This is as fierce a tone as Chen Xiuyuan saying tens of millions died in vain in one year from Shang Han due to using Jingyue's Chai Hu Yin formulas. Additionally, in the medical works of Lan Mao (Ming Dynasty), Huang Gongxiu, Wang Ang (Qing Dynasty), etc., there are also discussions that Chai Hu cannot be used at the onset of exogenous diseases without Shaoyang syndrome. This is the opinion of a part of physicians.
II. All Exogenous Diseases Can Use It, and It Need Not Be Limited to the Shaoyang Channel Alone