小柴胡汤治潮热身热默默不欲饮食或呕或渴或利或咳
人参 半夏 生甘草 黄芩(各二钱) 柴胡(四钱) 生姜(五片) 枣(二枚)
上 咀水煎
按此足少阳药也出太阳例主虚劳烦热能引清气上行阳道在经主气在脏主血故更能入血室
也
东垣升阳益胃汤治肺之脾胃虚怠惰嗜卧四肢不收身体沉重口干食无味大便不调小便频数
食少食不消洒淅恶寒而或微热(方见内伤门)
按此手太阴足阳明太阴之药欲升浮中焦下陷之气故加太阳诸经药也
补中益气汤治形神劳役或饮食失节劳倦虚损身热而烦脉洪大而虚头痛或恶寒而渴自汗无
力气高而喘
黄 (一钱半) 人参 甘草(炙各一钱) 白术 当归身 柴胡 升麻 陈皮(各半钱)
上 咀水煎
按此手足太阴少阳经药表里气血之剂也(加减见内伤门)
谨按发明曰经云治热以寒温而行之治寒以热凉而行之治温以清冷而行之治清以温热而行
之夫
治热以寒温而行之者有三皆同大热在身止用黄 人参甘草此三味者皆甘温虽表里皆热躁发于
内扪之肌热于外能和之汗自出而解矣此温能除大热之至理也热极生风乃左迁入地补母以虚其
子使天道右迁顺行诸病得天令行而必愈二也况大热在上其大寒必伏于内温能退寒以助地气地
气者在人乃胃之生气使真气旺三也此与热因寒用寒因热用必伏其所主而先其所因治法理同而
证不同学人最宜深玩
小柴胡汤治疗潮热、身热、神情沉默不欲饮食，或呕吐，或口渴，或腹泻，或咳嗽。
人参、半夏、生甘草、黄芩（各二钱）、柴胡（四钱）、生姜（五片）、大枣（二枚）。
以上药物切碎，加水煎煮。
按语：这是足少阳胆经的药物，出自《伤寒论》太阳病篇的例证，主治虚劳烦热，能引导清气上行于阳道。在经络中主司气机，在脏腑中主司血液，因此更能进入血室（子宫及肝经相关部位）。
李东垣的升阳益胃汤治疗肺与脾胃虚弱导致的倦怠嗜睡、四肢无力不收、身体沉重、口干、食物无味、大便不调、小便频数、食少且消化不良、洒淅恶寒而有时微热（方剂见内伤门）。
按语：这是手太阴肺经和足阳明胃经、足太阴脾经的药物，旨在提升中焦下陷的气机，所以加入了太阳经的各经药物。
补中益气汤治疗形体和精神过度劳累，或饮食不节制，因劳倦导致的虚损，出现身热而烦躁、脉象洪大但按之空虚、头痛，或恶寒而口渴、自汗、气短乏力、气息高促而喘。
黄芪（一钱半）、人参、炙甘草（各一钱）、白术、当归身、柴胡、升麻、陈皮（各半钱）。
以上药物切碎，加水煎煮。
按语：这是手足太阴经和足少阳经的药物，属于调理表里气血的方剂（加减法见内伤门）。
谨按《医学发明》记载：经文说，治疗热证用寒凉药，但要温服；治疗寒证用温热药，但要凉服；治疗温证用清解药，但要冷服；治疗清证用温热药，但要热服。
所谓“治热以寒温而行之”有三种情况，都相同：患者体内有大热，仅使用黄芪、人参、甘草这三味药。这三味药都是甘温之性，虽然表里皆热，躁动发于内部，触摸肌肤感觉外部发热，但服用后能使阴阳调和，汗自然排出而病愈。这是“温能除大热”的最高原理。
热极生风，于是向左迁移入地，通过补母（土生金，此处指补脾胃以养肺，或五行相生逻辑）来使子（火/风）虚弱，使得天道向右迁移顺行，诸病得天令运行而必愈，这是第二种原因。
况且大热在上，其大寒必然潜伏于内，温性能退去寒气以助长地气。地气在人体就是胃的生气，使真气旺盛，这是第三种原因。
这与“热因寒用”、“寒因热用”的方法，必须伏其所主而先求其因，治疗方法原理相同但证候不同，学习者最应深入玩味。
Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) treats tidal fever, body heat, silent demeanor with loss of appetite, or vomiting, or thirst, or diarrhea, or cough.
Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Sheng Gan Cao (Raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) (each 2 qian), Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) (4 qian), Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) (5 slices), Da Zao (Jujubae Fructus) (2 pieces).
The above herbs are cut into small pieces and decocted in water.
Commentary: This is a formula for the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian, derived from the examples of the Taiyang syndrome. It primarily treats deficiency labor with vexation and heat, capable of guiding clear qi to ascend along the Yang pathways. In the meridians, it governs Qi; in the Zang-Fu organs, it governs Blood; therefore, it can also enter the Blood Chamber (Xueshi).
Li Dongyuan's Sheng Yang Yi Wei Tang (Ascending Yang and Benefiting Stomach Decoction) treats insufficiency of the Lung and Spleen-Stomach, leading to lethargy and propensity to sleep, flaccidity and lack of control of the four limbs, heaviness of the body, dry mouth, insipid taste in food, irregular bowel movements, frequent urination, poor appetite, indigestion, chills with shivering and occasional mild fever (Formula see Internal Injury Section).
Commentary: This consists of herbs from the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian and the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian and Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian. Its purpose is to raise the Qi sinking in the Middle Jiao; thus, it adds herbs from the Taiyang meridians.
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) treats physical and mental overexertion, or dietary irregularities, leading to deficiency and damage from fatigue. Symptoms include body heat with vexation, a pulse that is flooding yet empty upon pressure, headache, or aversion to cold with thirst, spontaneous sweating, shortness of breath and weakness, high-pitched breathing, and panting.
Huang Qi (Astragali Radix) (1.5 qian), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), Zhi Gan Cao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 1 qian), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Dang Gui Shen (Angelicae Sinensis Radix Root End), Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (each 0.5 qian).
The above herbs are cut into small pieces and decocted in water.
Commentary: This is a formula involving the Hand-Taiyin Lung, Foot-Taiyin Spleen, and Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder meridians. It is an agent regulating the exterior and interior, Qi and Blood (for modifications, see Internal Injury Section).
Respectfully according to *Yi Xue Fa Ming* (Elucidation of Medical Principles): The classic states, "Treat heat with cold, but administer warmly; treat cold with heat, but administer coolly; treat warmth with clearing, but administer coldly; treat clarity/cold with warmth, but administer hotly."
Regarding "treating heat with cold administered warmly," there are three scenarios, all similar: When there is intense heat within the body, only Huang Qi, Ren Shen, and Gan Cao are used. These three herbs are sweet and warm. Although heat exists in both the interior and exterior, with agitation arising internally and skin feeling hot to the touch, taking this will harmonize the body, causing sweat to emerge naturally and the disease to resolve. This is the profound principle that "warmth can eliminate great heat."
When heat reaches its extreme, wind is generated; it then migrates leftward into the earth. By tonifying the mother element to weaken the child, the Heavenly Way moves rightward in順行 (normal sequence), allowing diseases to be cured as they follow the Heavenly mandate. This is the second reason.
Moreover, when great heat is above, severe cold must be latent within. Warmth can retreat the cold to assist Earth Qi. Earth Qi in humans is the generating Qi of the Stomach, making the True Qi vigorous. This is the third reason.
This aligns with the methods of "using cold for heat" and "using heat for cold," where one must subdue the dominant pathogen and address the root cause first. The therapeutic principles are identical, though the syndromes differ. Students should deeply ponder these concepts.