秦子曰∶《内经》云，五脏六腑，皆令人嗽，非独肺也。其词似撇开肺经，然其义实言
肺经独多，而他经亦有耳。河间以咳谓无痰而有声，肺气伤而音不清；嗽谓无声而有痰，脾
湿动而为痰，此指有痰之嗽主脾湿，无痰之咳主肺伤，合《内经》不独在肺之句，而发脾脏
之令人嗽也。桢细玩之，肺受外感六气所伤，内受湿热燥火煎熬，则肺经痰嗽亦多，急宜清
肺，不可一见痰嗽竟治脾湿，有伤肺燥也。
【伤风咳嗽之症】憎寒壮热。头痛眼眶痛，自汗恶风，鼻塞涕流，痰结肺管，咳嗽不
已，此风伤肺气。即痰饮门风痰咳嗽，今人名曰伤风症也。
【伤风咳嗽之因】肺家伏热，外冒风邪，束于肌表，肺热不得发泄，则肺风痰嗽之症
【伤风咳嗽之脉】脉多浮大，浮紧风寒，浮数风热，浮缓风湿，浮滑风痰。
【伤风咳嗽之治】脉浮紧，恶寒发热，羌活汤。头痛，眼眶痛，干葛汤。脉浮数，自
汗身热，加味泻白散。表邪尽散，痰结肺管，咳嗽不止者，苏子杏仁汤。肺中伏热，家秘泻白散。
羌活汤
羌活 防风 荆芥 桔梗 甘草 柴胡 前胡
葛根汤
干葛 柴胡 防风 荆芥 桔梗 甘草
加味泻白散
桑白皮 地骨皮 甘草 防风 荆芥 桔梗
苏子杏仁汤
苏子 杏仁 桔梗 枳壳 防风 半夏 栝蒌霜
家秘泻白散
桑白皮 地骨皮 甘草 黄芩 石膏
秦氏说：《黄帝内经》中提到，五脏六腑都会导致咳嗽，并非只有肺脏才会引起。这句话的字面意思似乎是将肺经撇开不谈，但其实际含义是强调肺经受邪的情况最为多见，而其他脏腑的病变也会引发咳嗽。刘河间认为，“咳”是指没有痰但有声音，是因为肺气受损导致声音不清；“嗽”是指有痰但没有声音，是因为脾湿运化失常而生痰。这种观点主要指出有痰的“嗽”与脾湿有关，无痰的“咳”与肺伤有关，这既契合了《黄帝内经》中“咳嗽不独在肺”的说法，也阐发了脾脏致病导致咳嗽的道理。我仔细研读后认为，肺脏受到外感六淫之气的伤害，内部又受到湿热、燥火等邪气的煎熬，因此肺经引起的痰嗽也很多见。此时应当及时清泻肺热，不能一见有痰嗽就只去治疗脾湿，否则反而会损伤肺阴导致肺燥。
【伤风咳嗽的症状】表现为怕冷且高热，头痛及眼眶疼痛，自汗出且怕风，鼻塞流涕，痰液结聚于气管，咳嗽不止，这是风邪伤了肺气。这也属于痰饮门中的风痰咳嗽，现在人们称之为伤风症。
【伤风咳嗽的病因】肺中潜伏有热邪，外部又冒犯了风邪，风邪束缚于肌表，导致肺热无法发散，从而出现肺风痰嗽的症状。
【伤风咳嗽的脉象】脉象多呈浮大。其中，浮紧脉主风寒，浮数脉主风热，浮缓脉主风湿，浮滑脉主风痰。
【伤风咳嗽的治疗】若脉象浮紧，伴有恶寒发热，使用羌活汤。若头痛、眼眶痛，使用干葛汤。若脉象浮数，伴有自汗和身体发热，使用加味泻白散。若表邪已完全消散，但痰液仍结聚于气管，咳嗽不止者，使用苏子杏仁汤。若为肺中潜伏的热邪，使用家秘泻白散。
葛根汤（注：原文作干葛汤）
组成：干葛、柴胡、防风、荆芥、桔梗、甘草。
Qin stated: The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) mentions that the five zang organs and six fu organs can all cause coughing, not just the lungs. While the wording seems to exclude the lung meridian, its actual meaning emphasizes that the lung meridian is most frequently affected, although other meridians can also induce coughing. Liu Hejian defined "ke" (cough with sound but no phlegm) as resulting from lung qi injury causing unclear voice, and "sou" (cough with phlegm but no distinct sound) as resulting from spleen dampness generating phlegm. This perspective primarily links phlegm-heavy "sou" to spleen dampness and sound-heavy "ke" to lung injury, aligning with the *Neijing*'s statement that coughing is not solely located in the lungs, while also elucidating how the spleen causes coughing. Upon careful study, I believe that when the lungs are injured by external pathogenic factors of the six qi, and internally subjected to simmering by damp-heat, dryness, and fire, pulmonary phlegm-cough becomes common. In such cases, one should promptly clear the lungs; one must not treat spleen dampness merely upon seeing phlegm-cough, as this would damage lung dryness.
[Symptoms of Wind-Cold Cough] Manifestations include aversion to cold with high fever, headache and orbital pain, spontaneous sweating with aversion to wind, nasal congestion with runny nose, phlegm accumulation in the trachea, and incessant coughing. This indicates wind injuring lung qi. It corresponds to wind-phlegm cough in the Phlegm-Fluids chapter, now commonly referred to as the Common Cold syndrome.
[Causes of Wind-Cold Cough] Latent heat within the lungs, combined with external exposure to wind pathogens, binds at the muscle surface. The lung heat cannot be vented, leading to symptoms of wind-phlegm cough in the lungs.
[Pulse Signs of Wind-Cold Cough] The pulse is mostly floating and large. A floating-tight pulse indicates wind-cold; a floating-rapid pulse indicates wind-heat; a floating-slow pulse indicates wind-dampness; a floating-slippery pulse indicates wind-phlegm.
[Treatment of Wind-Cold Cough] If the pulse is floating-tight with aversion to cold and fever, use Qianghuo Tang (Notopterygium Decoction). For headache and orbital pain, use Gengge Tang (Kudzu Decoction). If the pulse is floating-rapid with spontaneous sweating and body heat, use Jiawei Xiebai San (Modified Draining White Powder). If the exterior pathogens have completely dispersed but phlegm remains bound in the trachea with incessant coughing, use Suzi Xingren Tang (Perilla Seed and Apricot Kernel Decoction). For latent heat in the lungs, use Jiami Xiebai San (Secret Family Modified Draining White Powder).
Qianghuo Tang (Notopterygium Decoction)
Ingredients: Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix).
Gengge Tang (Kudzu Decoction)
Ingredients: Gengge (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
Jiawei Xiebai San (Modified Draining White Powder)
Ingredients: Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex), Digupi (Lycii Cortex), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix).
Suzi Xingren Tang (Perilla Seed and Apricot Kernel Decoction)
Ingredients: Suzi (Perillae Fructus), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum), Gualou Shuang (Benincasae Exocarpium Pulveratum).
Jiami Xiebai San (Secret Family Modified Draining White Powder)
Ingredients: Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex), Digupi (Lycii Cortex), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum).