夫寒热者，谓恶寒发热，或倏寒而倏热也。有外感内伤，火郁虚劳，疟疾疮疡，瘰 诸
。若外感风寒者，以邪气在表，法当散之。半表者，和解之。火郁者，则发之。疟病寒热者
，初则解之，久则截之。疮疡瘰 寒热者，以外科法治之。惟虚劳内伤，时寒时热者，非阳
虚则阴弱也。阳气虚，则阴往从之，以阴乘阳分，故恶寒也。阴气虚，则阳必乘之，以阳乘
阴分，故发热也。此阴阳自相戕贼为病，亦非邪之所为，虽有寒热，无乃阴虚阳弱所发之标
，惟治其本，则标自灭矣。若欲妄治，以温胜寒，则阴火有妨，以寒攻热，则脾胃愈弱。虚
虚实实，咎将谁归？
凡内伤寒热，本属虚象，难可主方，惟考切于寒热之品赘之，以俟同志者采用焉。
和解之品
甘草（炙，主五脏六腑，寒热邪气。凡虚而寒热者，倍之） 知母（蜜炒，肾劳憎寒，烦
热便溏，胃弱者忌之） 丹参（虚劳寒热） 黄芩（蜜炒，寒热往来，及骨蒸劳热） 秦艽
当归 白芍 川芎（并主虚劳寒热） 龟甲（骨中寒热，肌体寒热欲死，作汤良）
补中清热之品
黄 （蜜炒，虚劳寒热） 沙参 白术（土炒，并主寒热，益气和中） 桔梗（除寒热，利
肺气） 麦门冬（去心） 天门冬（去心、皮） 山药（并治肺虚寒热） 茯苓（去皮） 酸枣仁（微
炒，研） 山茱萸（并治心虚寒热）
所谓寒热，是指怕冷与发热同时出现，或者忽冷忽热的症状。其病因包括外感、内伤、火邪郁结、虚劳、疟疾、疮疡以及瘰疬等病症。如果是外感风寒，因为邪气在体表，治疗法则应当发散解表。病在半表半里者，采用和解法。火邪郁结者，则用发越郁火的方法。疟疾引起的寒热，初期宜疏解，日久则宜截断发作。疮疡和瘰疬引起的寒热，按照外科方法治疗。只有虚劳内伤导致的时冷时热，不是阳气虚弱就是阴液不足。阳气虚弱，阴气就会乘虚依附于阳分，所以表现为恶寒。阴气虚弱，阳气就会乘虚侵犯阴分，所以表现为发热。这是阴阳相互侵害导致的疾病，并非由外邪引起，虽然有寒热症状，但这不过是阴虚阳弱所表现出的标象，只要治疗根本，标象自然消除。如果胡乱治疗，用温药来对抗寒症，则会妨碍阴火（此处指因虚而生的火热）；用寒药来攻伐热症，则会使脾胃更加虚弱。造成虚者更虚、实者更实的后果，责任归于谁呢？
凡是内伤引起的寒热，本质属于虚证，难以直接制定固定方剂，只列举一些切合寒热治疗的药物附在后面，以供志同道合的医者参考选用。
和解类药物：
甘草（炙用，主治五脏六腑的寒热邪气。凡是虚损引起的寒热，加倍使用）知母（蜜炒，主治肾劳引起的憎寒烦热、便溏，胃弱者忌用）丹参（主治虚劳寒热）黄芩（蜜炒，主治寒热往来及骨蒸劳热）秦艽当归白芍川芎（均主治虚劳寒热）龟甲（主治骨中寒热、肌体寒热欲死，煎汤服用效果良好）
补益中气兼清热类药物：
黄芪（蜜炒，主治虚劳寒热）沙参白术（土炒，均主治寒热，益气和中）桔梗（祛除寒热，利肺气）麦门冬（去心）天门冬（去心、皮）山药（均治肺虚寒热）茯苓（去皮）酸枣仁（微炒，研碎）山茱萸（均治心虚寒热）
Chills and fever refer to the simultaneous occurrence of aversion to cold and fever, or alternating episodes of sudden chills and heat. Etiologies include external contraction, internal injury, fire stagnation, consumptive disease (Xu Lao), malaria, sores and ulcers, and scrofula (Luo Li). In cases of external wind-cold contraction, since the pathogenic factor is at the exterior, the treatment principle should be to disperse it. For conditions located half-exterior and half-interior, harmonization is indicated. For fire stagnation, dispersing the trapped fire is required. For chills and fever caused by malaria, initial treatment involves resolution, while prolonged cases require interception of attacks. Chills and fever associated with sores, ulcers, and scrofula are treated according to surgical methods. Only in cases of consumptive disease and internal injury characterized by intermittent chills and heat is the pathology due to either Yang deficiency or Yin insufficiency. When Yang Qi is deficient, Yin tends to follow and invade the Yang aspect, resulting in aversion to cold. When Yin Qi is deficient, Yang inevitably invades the Yin aspect, resulting in fever. This pathological state arises from the mutual damage between Yin and Yang, rather than from exogenous pathogens. Although chills and fever are present, they are merely superficial manifestations (Biao) stemming from Yin deficiency and Yang weakness; treating the root (Ben) will cause the superficial symptoms to subside spontaneously. If one were to treat recklessly, using warming agents to counteract cold would hinder the "Yin Fire" (heat generated from deficiency), and using cold agents to attack heat would further weaken the Spleen and Stomach. Such actions lead to a condition where the deficient becomes more deficient and the excess becomes more excessive; who would bear the responsibility?
Generally, chills and fever arising from internal injuries are fundamentally deficiency patterns, making it difficult to prescribe a fixed formula. Therefore, only herbs relevant to the treatment of chills and fever are listed below for reference by fellow practitioners.
Herbs for Harmonization:
Gancao (Zhi Gancao, Roasted Licorice Root): Mainly treats chills and fever pathogenic factors in the five Zang and six Fu organs. For deficiency-related chills and fever, double the dosage.
Zhimu (Honey-fried Anemarrhenae Rhizoma): Treats renal exhaustion with aversion to cold, vexatious heat, and loose stools; contraindicated in patients with weak Spleen/Stomach.
Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma): Treats consumptive disease with chills and fever.
Huangqin (Honey-fried Scutellariae Radix): Treats alternating chills and fever, as well as bone-steaming consumptive heat.
Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix)
Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix)
Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba)
Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma): All mainly treat consumptive disease with chills and fever.
Guijia (Testudinis et Carapacis Squama): Treats chills and heat in the bones and severe body chills/heat; decoction is effective.
Herbs for Tonifying the Middle and Clearing Heat:
Huangqi (Honey-fried Astragali Membranacei Radix): Treats consumptive disease with chills and fever.
Shashen (Glehniae Radix)
Baizhu (Earth-fried Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma): Both treat chills and fever, benefiting Qi and harmonizing the middle.
Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix): Dispels chills and fever, benefits Lung Qi.
Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Tuber, heart removed)
Tianmendong (Asparagi Radix, heart and skin removed)
Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma): Both treat Lung deficiency with chills and fever.
Fuling (Poria): Skin removed.
Suanzaoren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, lightly fried and crushed)
Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus): Both treat Heart deficiency with chills and fever.