即四逆汤去干姜加白术（二两）桂枝（四两）治风湿相搏骨节烦疼掣痛不得屈伸近
痛剧
汗出短气小便不利恶风或身微肿者
近效名术附汤即四逆汤去干姜加白术（二两）姜枣煎服治证同前但大便坚小便自
治少阴病四五日腹痛小便不利四肢沉重疼痛自下利者
茯苓（三两甘平） 芍药（三两酸平） 生姜（三两切辛温） 白术（二两甘温） 附
子（一枚
炮去
上五味以水八升煮取三升去滓温服七合日三服
加减法
若咳者加五味子（半升）细辛干姜（各一两）若小便利者去茯苓 若下利者去芍药加干
姜
（二两）
成无己曰真武北方水神也而属肾用以治水焉水气在心下外带表而属阳必应发散故治以真
武
术之甘
金匮名人参汤治胸脾心下痞气气结在胸胸满胁下逆抢心伤寒论理中圆治霍乱头痛发
疼寒多不用水者
人参（甘温） 甘草（甘平炙） 白术（甘温） 干姜（辛热以上各三两）
上四味捣筛为末蜜和丸如鸡子黄大以沸汤数合和一丸研碎温服之日三四夜二服腹中未热
益至
顷饮
名曰孤脏位处中焦以灌溉四傍理中
诸加减法焉又曰内经曰脾欲缓急食
胜平以辛热干姜之辛以温脾散寒者
加减法
若脐下筑者肾气动也去术加桂（四两）吐多者去术加生姜（三两） 下多者还用术 悸
者加
茯苓
两
半
即四逆汤去掉干姜，加入白术（二两）、桂枝（四两），用于治疗风湿相互搏结导致的骨节剧烈疼痛、牵掣痛、不能屈伸，靠近患处时疼痛加剧，伴有出汗、气短、小便不利、怕风或身体轻微浮肿的情况。
近效方中称为术附汤，也是四逆汤去掉干姜，加入白术（二两），用生姜和大枣煎服，治疗证候与前述相同，但大便坚硬、小便正常。
治疗少阴病四五日，出现腹痛、小便不利、四肢沉重疼痛、自发性腹泻的症状。
茯苓（三两，味甘性平） 芍药（三两，味酸性平） 生姜（三两，切，味辛性温） 白术（二两，味甘性温） 附子（一枚，炮制后去皮）
以上五味药，用水八升，煮取三升，去渣，温服七合，每日三次。
加减法：
如果有咳嗽的，加五味子（半升）、细辛、干姜（各一两）；如果小便通畅的，去掉茯苓；如果腹泻的，去掉芍药，加入干姜（二两）。
成无己说：真武是北方的水神，归属于肾，用来治疗水气病。水气在心下，外带表证而属于阳，必然应当发散，所以用真武汤来治疗。
《金匮要略》中用人参汤治疗胸脾心下痞塞之气，气结在胸，胸部胀满，胁下有气逆冲撞心脏。《伤寒论》中用理中丸治疗霍乱，头痛发热，寒多不想喝水的情况。
人参（味甘性温） 甘草（味甘性平，炙） 白术（味甘性温） 干姜（味辛性热，以上各三两）
以上四味药捣碎过筛成为粉末，用蜂蜜调和制成如鸡蛋黄大小的丸剂，用沸水几合化开一丸，研碎后温服，白天三四次，夜间两次。如果腹中没有温热感，逐渐增加剂量，片刻间饮水。
被称为孤脏，位置处于中焦，以灌溉四周。理中汤的各种加减法如下：又曰《内经》说：脾喜欢舒缓，急迫时吃甘味食物来缓和它。用辛热的干姜之辛味来温补脾脏、散除寒气的方法。
加减法：
如果脐下跳动不安的，是肾气动荡的表现，去掉白术，加入桂枝（四两）；呕吐多的，去掉白术，加入生姜（三两）；腹泻多的，还要使用白术；心悸的，加入茯苓（二两半）。
This is Sini Tang (Four Reversal Decoction) with Dried Ginger (Ganjiang, 干姜) removed, and added Atractylodis Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术) (two liang) and Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝) (four liang). It treats bone and joint severe pain, pulling pain, inability to flex or extend, exacerbated by pressure near the affected area, accompanied by sweating, shortness of breath, dysuria, aversion to wind, or slight edema.
In the Jinxiao Fang (Formulas for Recent Efficacy), it is called Zhufu Tang (Atractylodes and Aconite Decoction). This is also Sini Tang (Four Reversal Decoction) with Dried Ginger (Ganjiang, 干姜) removed and Atractylodis Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术) (two liang) added, decocted with Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang, 生姜) and Jujube (Dazao, 大枣). The indications are the same as above, but with hard stool and normal urination.
Treats Shaoyin disease (Shaoyin Syndrome) occurring after four or five days, presenting with abdominal pain, dysuria, heavy and painful limbs, and spontaneous diarrhea.
Poria (Fuling, 茯苓) (three liang, sweet and neutral)
Peony Root (Shaoyao, 芍药) (three liang, sour and neutral)
Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang, 生姜) (three liang, sliced, pungent and warm)
Atractylodis Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术) (two liang, sweet and warm)
Prepared Aconite Root (Fuzi, 附子) (one piece, processed and peeled)
Take the above five herbs, add eight sheng of water, boil to obtain three sheng, remove the dregs, and take seven ge of the warm decoction, three times a day.
Modifications:
If coughing occurs, add Schisandra Fruit (Wuweizi, 五味子) (half sheng), Asarum (Xixin, 细辛), and Dried Ginger (Ganjiang, 干姜) (one liang each). If urination is free, remove Poria (Fuling, 茯苓). If diarrhea occurs, remove Peony Root (Shaoyao, 芍药) and add Dried Ginger (Ganjiang, 干姜) (two liang).
Cheng Wuji stated: Zhenwu (True Warrior) is the Water Deity of the North, associated with the Kidney, used to treat water qi disorders. When water qi resides in the epigastrium and extends outward to the exterior, it belongs to Yang and must be dispersed; thus, Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) is used.
Jingui Yaolue (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet) uses Renshen Tang (Ginseng Decoction) to treat stagnation in the chest, spleen, and epigastrium, where qi knots in the chest causing fullness and rebellious qi rushing against the heart from the hypochondrium. Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Cold Damage) uses Lizhong Wan (Regulate the Middle Pill) to treat Huoluan (cholera-like syndrome) with headache, fever, excessive cold, and no desire for water.
Ginseng Root (Renshen, 人参) (sweet and warm)
Licorice Root (Gancao, 甘草) (sweet and neutral, honey-fried)
Atractylodis Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术) (sweet and warm)
Dried Ginger (Ganjiang, 干姜) (pungent and hot, three liang each of the above)
Pulverize the above four herbs, mix with honey to form pills the size of a chicken egg yolk. Dissolve one pill in several he of boiling water, crush, and take warm. Take three to four times during the day and twice at night. If there is no warmth in the abdomen, gradually increase the dose, drinking water within a short period.
It is referred to as the "Solitary Viscus," located in the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner), irrigating the four peripheries. Various modifications of Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) are as follows: Furthermore, Neijing (Inner Canon) states: "The Spleen desires relaxation; when tense, consume sweet foods to soothe it." The method of using the pungency of pungent-hot Dried Ginger (Ganjiang, 干姜) to warm the Spleen and dispel cold is described.
Modifications:
If there is throbbing below the navel, indicating Kidney Qi movement, remove Atractylodis Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术) and add Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝) (four liang). If vomiting is frequent, remove Atractylodis Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术) and add Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang, 生姜) (three liang). If diarrhea is frequent, continue using Atractylodis Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术). If palpitations occur, add Poria (Fuling, 茯苓) (two liang and half).