味甘平。主筋骨湿痹，益气倍力，强筋燥湿。强志，肝藏魂。令人肥健耐饥，忍风寒
。久服轻身，不老延年。皆培补肝脾之效。可作酒。
此以形为治，葡萄屈曲蔓延，冬卷春舒，与筋相似，故能补益筋骨。其实甘美，得土之
正味，故又能滋养肌肉。肝主筋，脾主肉，乃肝脾交补之药也。
味甘平。主湿痹，腰脊膝痛，下焦湿痰之疾。补中，除暴疾，暴疾皆生于中气不足
，中气足则无此疾矣。益精气，强志，肝肾足则心气亦宁也。令耳目聪明。充溢诸窍。久服
，轻身，不饥，耐老神仙。脾肾兼旺则诸效自臻矣。
鸡头生于水中，而其实甘淡，得土之正味，乃脾肾之药也。脾恶湿而肾恶燥，鸡头虽生
水中，而淡渗甘香，则不伤于湿。质粘味涩，而又滑泽肥润，则不伤于燥。凡脾肾之药，往
往相反，而此则相成，故尤足贵也。
味酸温。主妇人阴蚀，阴湿所生之疾，惟阳燥之物能已之。疽痔恶血，亦下焦阴分
之湿所生病也。坚筋骨，壮筋骨之阳气。除头秃，杀发根湿气所生之虫。能化金、银、铜、
铁奇物。火克金也。
硫黄乃石中得火之精者也。石属阴，而火属阳，寓至阳于至阴，故能治阴分中寒湿之疾。
其
味辛寒。主疥 ，痂疡白秃，杀皮肤中虱，解皮毛中湿热之毒，虱亦湿热所生也。堕
胎，至重能堕胎，又胎气始生肝气养之，金克木则伤肝而胎坠也。除热，杀金、银、铜、锡
毒，得五金之精气，故能除其毒也。 化还复为丹。水银出于丹砂中者为多，故亦可炼成丹
石，金精得火变化不测，铅汞皆如此。久服，神仙不死。以其不朽而能变化也。
水银，五金之精也，得五金之精气，而未成质炼之，亦能为金银等物。其所治，皆皮肤
热毒之疾。盖肺属金，而主皮毛，亦以气相感也。丹家炉鼎之术，以水银与铅为龙虎，合炼
成丹，服之则能长生，久服飞升羽化。自《参同契》以后，其说纷纷，高明之士，为所误者
不一而足。夫水银乃五金之精，而未成金体者也。凡金无不畏火，想水银则百炼如故，以其
未成金质，中含水精，故火不得而伤之。其能点化为黄白者，亦因药物所炼，变其外貌，非
能真
作金银也。今乃以其质之不朽，欲借其气以固形体，真属支离。盖人与万物，本为异体。借
物之气，以攻六邪，理之所有，借物之质，以永性命，理之所无。术士好作聪明，谈天谈易
，似属可听，实则伏羲画卦，列圣系辞，何尝有长生二字，此乃假托大言以愚小智，其人已
死，诡云尚在。试其术者，破家丧身，未死则不悟，既死则又不知。历世以来，昧者接踵，
总由畏死贪生之念，迫于中而反以自速其死耳。悲夫！
味甘，性平。主治筋骨间的湿痹，益气增加体力，强健筋骨并燥除湿气。增强意志（肝藏魂）。使人身体肥壮健壮且耐饥，能够抵御风寒。长期服用可使身体轻盈，延缓衰老，延长寿命。这些都是培补肝脾的功效。可以酿酒饮用。
这是利用形态来治疗疾病，葡萄藤蔓屈曲蔓延，冬天卷缩春天舒展，与筋的形态相似，所以能补益筋骨。它的果实味道甘美，获得了土的纯正味道，所以又能滋养肌肉。肝主管筋，脾主管肉，这是同时补益肝脾的药物。
味甘，性平。主治湿痹，腰脊和膝盖疼痛，以及下焦湿痰引起的疾病。补益中气，消除突发的急症，突发急症都产生于中气不足，中气充足就不会有这类疾病了。补充精气，增强意志（肝肾充足则心气也安宁），使耳目聪明。充盈各个孔窍。长期服用，身体轻盈，不感到饥饿，耐寒老如神仙。脾肾同时旺盛，各种功效自然达到。
鸡头（芡实）生长在水中，但它的果实味甘淡，获得了土的纯正味道，是脾肾的药物。脾厌恶湿气而肾厌恶干燥，鸡头虽然生长在水中，但味淡渗利、甘香，所以不伤于湿。质地粘稠味道涩，但又滑润肥泽，所以不伤于燥。凡是脾肾的药物，往往作用相反，而此药却相辅相成，所以尤其珍贵。
味酸，性温。主治妇女阴部腐蚀溃烂，这是由阴部湿气产生的疾病，只有阳气燥热的药物才能治愈。疽、痔、恶血，也是下焦阴分湿气所生的疾病。坚固筋骨，壮盛筋骨的阳气。治疗头部脱发，杀灭发根湿气所生的虫。能够熔化金、银、铜、铁等金属器物。因为火克金。
硫黄是从石头中提取出的火的精华。石头属阴，而火属阳，将至阳之气寓于至阴之中，所以能治疗阴分中的寒湿疾病。
味辛，性寒。主治疥疮，结痂溃疡和白秃，杀灭皮肤中的虱子，解除皮毛中的湿热毒邪，虱子也是湿热所生。导致堕胎，性质沉重能导致堕胎，另外胎气初生时由肝气滋养，金克木则伤害肝气从而导致胎坠。清除热邪，杀灭金、银、铜、锡的毒性，因为它获得了五金的精气，所以能解除它们的毒性。能变化还原为丹砂。水银大多从丹砂中提炼出来，所以也可以炼成丹石，金的精气经过火的炼化变化莫测，铅和汞都是如此。长期服用，可成神仙不死。因为它不朽且能变化。
水银，是五金的精华，获得了五金的精气，但尚未炼制成实体，也能变成金银等物。它所治疗的，都是皮肤热毒类的疾病。因为肺属金，而主管皮毛，也是以气相互感应。炼丹家的炉鼎之术，以水银和铅作为龙和虎，合炼成丹，服用就能长生，长期服用能飞升羽化。自从《参同契》之后，这种说法纷纭众多，高明的人士被误导的不计其数。水银是五金的精华，但尚未成为金的实体。大凡金无不畏惧火，想水银则是百炼不变，因为它未成金质，中含有水精，所以火不能伤害它。它能点化为黄金白银，也是因为药物炼化，改变了外貌，并不是真的能作成金银。现在竟然凭借它质地不朽，想要借它的气来巩固形体，真是荒谬离奇。因为人与万物，本来形体不同。借物的气，来攻伐六淫邪气，是道理上有的；借物的质，来永保性命，是道理上没有的。术士喜欢卖弄聪明，谈论天道易理，似乎听起来可信，实际上伏羲画卦，历代圣人系辞，何曾有过长生的二字，这是假托大话来愚弄小聪明的人，那些人已经死了，诡称还活着。尝试这种方法的人，破产丧身，没死的时候不醒悟，死了以后又不知道。历代以来，糊涂的人接踵而至，总由害怕死亡贪恋生命的念头，迫于内心反而加速了自己的死亡。可悲啊！
Sweet in taste, neutral in nature. Primarily treats damp-bi (dampness obstruction syndrome) in the sinews and bones, tonifies Qi to increase strength, strengthens the sinews and dries dampness. Enhances willpower (the Liver stores the Hun [ethereal soul]). Makes one robust and strong, capable of enduring hunger, and resistant to wind-cold. Long-term consumption lightens the body, prevents aging, and prolongs life. These are all effects of nourishing and tonifying the Liver and Spleen. It can be used to make wine.
This treatment utilizes the shape of the herb. The grapevine is curved and spreading; it curls up in winter and expands in spring, resembling sinews, thus it can tonify and benefit the sinews and bones. Its fruit is sweet and delicious, obtaining the pure flavor of Earth, thus it can also nourish muscles. The Liver governs the sinews, and the Spleen governs the flesh; therefore, this is a medicine that simultaneously tonifies the Liver and Spleen.
Sweet in taste, neutral in nature. Primarily treats damp-bi, pain in the lower back, spine, and knees, and diseases caused by damp-phlegm in the Lower Jiao. Tonifies the Middle Jiao, eliminates acute sudden illnesses. Acute sudden illnesses arise from deficiency of Middle Qi; when Middle Qi is sufficient, such illnesses do not occur. Benefits Essence and Qi, enhances willpower (when the Liver and Kidney are sufficient, Heart Qi also becomes tranquil), making the ears and eyes clear and bright. Fills all orifices. Long-term consumption lightens the body, prevents hunger, and promotes longevity akin to immortals. When the Spleen and Kidney are both vigorous, various efficacies naturally manifest.
Euryale seed (Ji Tou) grows in water, but its fruit is sweet and bland, obtaining the pure flavor of Earth; thus, it is a medicine for the Spleen and Kidney. The Spleen dislikes dampness, and the Kidney dislikes dryness. Although Euryale seed grows in water, its bland diuretic and sweet aromatic properties ensure it does not injure with dampness. Its texture is sticky and astringent, yet smooth and moist, ensuring it does not injure with dryness. Medicines for the Spleen and Kidney often have opposing actions, but this one complements them, making it particularly valuable.
Sour in taste, warm in nature. Primarily treats women's genital erosion and ulceration, diseases generated by dampness in the Yin region; only Yang-drying substances can cure them. Carbuncles, hemorrhoids, and foul blood are also diseases generated by dampness in the Yin aspect of the Lower Jiao. Strengthens the sinews and bones, bolstering the Yang Qi of the sinews and bones. Treats alopecia capitis (scalp baldness), killing insects generated by dampness at the hair root. Can dissolve gold, silver, copper, and iron artifacts. This is because Fire conquers Metal.
Realgar (Liu Huang) is the essence of Fire obtained from stones. Stones belong to Yin, while Fire belongs to Yang; housing extreme Yang within extreme Yin, it can treat cold-damp diseases in the Yin aspect.
Pungent in taste, cold in nature. Primarily treats scabies, crusty ulcers, and white alopecia; kills lice in the skin; resolves heat-damp toxicity in the skin and hair. Lice are also generated by heat-dampness. Causes abortion; due to its heavy nature, it causes abortion. Additionally, fetal Qi is initially nourished by Liver Qi; since Metal conquers Wood, damaging Liver Qi leads to fetal loss. Clears heat, kills the toxicity of gold, silver, copper, and tin. Because it obtains the essential Qi of the Five Metals, it can eliminate their toxicity. It can transform back into Cinnabar. Mercury (Shui Yin) is mostly extracted from Cinnabar, so it can also be refined into alchemical pills. The essence of Metal undergoes unpredictable changes through fire refinement; Lead and Mercury are similar. Long-term consumption leads to immortality and becoming an immortal. This is because it is imperishable and capable of transformation.
Mercury is the essence of the Five Metals. Having obtained the essential Qi of the Five Metals but not yet refined into a solid form, it can also transform into gold and silver. The conditions it treats are all heat-toxin diseases of the skin. The Lung belongs to Metal and governs the skin and hair; this interaction occurs through mutual resonance of Qi. Alchemists' furnace techniques use Mercury and Lead as Dragon and Tiger, refining them together into pills. Consumption leads to longevity, and long-term consumption allows for ascension and spiritual transformation. Since the *Cantong Qi* (The Kinship of the Three), these theories have been numerous, and many brilliant individuals have been misled. Mercury is the essence of the Five Metals but has not yet become the substance of metal. Generally, metals fear fire; however, Mercury remains unchanged after hundred refinements because it has not formed the quality of metal and contains Water Essence, so fire cannot harm it. Its ability to transmute into gold and silver is due to drug refinement altering its appearance, not actually creating true gold and silver. Now, relying on its imperishable quality to borrow its Qi to consolidate the physical form is truly absurd. Humans and all things originally have different bodies. Borrowing the Qi of objects to attack the Six Evils is theoretically possible; borrowing the substance of objects to perpetuate life is theoretically impossible. Alchemists like to show off their cleverness, discussing Heaven and Yi Jing, which sounds plausible, but in reality, since Fuxi drew the trigrams and past sages composed the commentaries, where have they ever mentioned "longevity"? This is false grand talk to fool the petty-wise. Those who tried it died, yet falsely claimed to still be alive. Those who tested these methods lost their families and lives; if not dead, they did not realize the truth; once dead, they knew nothing. Throughout history, ignorant people have followed in succession, driven by the fear of death and greed for life, which ironically accelerates their own demise. How sad!