气味苦、寒，无毒。主热气目痛、 伤泪出，明目，肠 腹痛下痢，妇人阴中肿
痛。久服令人不忘。
陈修园曰∶黄连气寒，禀天冬寒水之气，入足少阴肾；味苦无毒，得地南方之火味，入
手少阴心。气水而味火，一物同具，故能除水火相乱，而为湿热之病。其云主热气者，除一
切气分之热也。目痛、 伤、泪出、不明，皆湿热在上之病；肠 腹痛下痢，皆湿热在中之
病；妇人阴中肿痛，为湿热在下之病；黄连除湿热，所以主之。久服令人不忘者，苦入心即
能补心
以其味之苦而补之；而寒能胜火，即以其气之寒而泻之。千古唯仲景得《本经》之秘。《金
匮》治
心气不足而吐血者，取之以补心；《伤寒》寒热互结心下而痞满者，取之以泻心；厥阴之热
气撞心者
，合以乌梅；下利后重者，合以白头翁等法。真信而好古之圣人也。
气味甘、温，无毒。主大风，头眩痛，恶风，风邪目盲无所见，风行周身，骨节
疼痛、身重。久服轻身。
陈修园曰∶防风气温，禀天春术之气而入肝；味甘无毒，得地中土之味而入脾。主大风
三字提纲，详于巴戟天注，不赘。风伤阳位，则目盲无所见。风行周身者，经络之风也；骨
节疼痛者，关节之风也；身重者，病风而不能 捷也。防风之甘温发散，可以统主之。然温
属春和之气，入肝而治风；尤妙在甘以入脾，培土以和水气，其用独神。此理证之易象，于
剥复二卦而可悟焉。两土同崩则剥，故大败必顾脾胃；土木无忤则复，故病转必和肝脾。防
风驱风之中，大有回生之力；李东垣竟目为卒伍卑贱之品，真门外汉也。
【黄连】
气味苦、寒，无毒。主治热气引起的目痛、流泪不止，能明目，治疗肠中腹痛及下痢，以及妇人阴部肿痛。长期服用使人记忆力增强（不忘）。
陈修园说：黄连气性寒，禀受天空冬季寒水之气，进入足少阴肾经；味道苦且无毒，获得大地南方火之味，进入手少阴心经。气属水而味属火，一物同时具备水火特性，所以能消除水火相乱导致的湿热病证。文中所说的“主热气”，是指清除一切气分的热邪。目痛、流泪、视物不明，都是湿热在上焦的病证；肠中腹痛、下痢，都是湿热在中焦的病证；妇人阴部肿痛，是湿热在下焦的病证；黄连能除湿热，所以主治这些病症。长期服用使人记忆力增强，是因为苦味入心即能补心，以其味的苦来补益心脏；而寒性能胜火，即以其气的寒来清泻心火。千古以来只有张仲景掌握了《神农本草经》的奥秘。《金匮要略》治疗因心气不足导致吐血者，取用黄连以补心；《伤寒论》治疗寒热互结于心下导致痞满者，取用黄连以泻心；厥阴病热气上撞心胸者，将黄连与乌梅合用；腹泻后伴有里急后重者，将黄连与白头翁等药合用等方法。这真是真正相信并喜好古法的圣人啊。
【防风】
气味甘、温，无毒。主治大风邪气，头眩痛，恶风，风邪导致眼睛失明看不见东西，风邪流行于周身，骨节疼痛、身体沉重。长期服用使身体轻盈。
陈修园说：防风气温，禀受天空春季生发之气而进入肝经；味道甘且无毒，获得大地中央土之味而进入脾经。“主大风”这三个字是总纲，详细解释见巴戟天的注释，此处不再赘述。风邪伤害阳位，则导致眼睛失明看不见东西。风邪流行于周身，是经络中的风邪；骨节疼痛，是关节中的风邪；身体沉重，是患风病而不能敏捷行动。防风甘温发散的特性，可以统摄主治这些病症。然而温属于春季和煦之气，入肝经而治疗风邪；尤其妙在甘味入脾，培补脾胃以调和湿气，其功效独特神奇。这个道理可以通过《易经》的卦象来验证，从剥卦和复卦中可以领悟。两土同崩则为剥卦，所以大病败症必须顾护脾胃；土木不相克则为复卦，所以病情好转必然调和肝脾。防风在驱除风邪之中，大有起死回生的力量；李东垣竟然将其视为地位低微的普通药材，真是门外汉啊。
[Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma)]
The flavor is bitter, the nature is cold, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats eye pain caused by hot pathogenic factors, excessive tearing, improves vision, treats abdominal pain in the intestines and dysentery, as well as swelling and pain in the female genitalia. Long-term consumption enhances memory.
Chen Xiuyuan stated: Huanglian has a cold nature, inheriting the cold water energy of winter from heaven, entering the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian; its flavor is bitter and non-toxic, acquiring the fire flavor of the south from earth, entering the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian. Its qi belongs to water while its flavor belongs to fire, possessing both water and fire characteristics within one substance, thus it can eliminate damp-heat diseases caused by the disorder between water and fire. The phrase "primarily treats hot pathogenic factors" refers to clearing heat from all aspects of the Qi level. Eye pain, tearing, and blurred vision are diseases of damp-heat located in the upper jiao; abdominal pain in the intestines and dysentery are diseases of damp-heat located in the middle jiao; swelling and pain in the female genitalia are diseases of damp-heat located in the lower jiao. Since Huanglian removes damp-heat, it treats these conditions. The reason why long-term consumption enhances memory is that the bitter flavor enters the Heart to tonify the Heart; it tonifies the Heart through its bitter flavor, and since cold nature can overcome fire, it purges the Heart Fire through its cold nature. Throughout history, only Zhang Zhongjing mastered the secrets of the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica). In the *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet), for cases of hematemesis due to insufficiency of Heart Qi, Huanglian is used to tonify the Heart; in the *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage), for cases of epigastric fullness and stuffiness due to the intermingling of cold and heat at the heart region, Huanglian is used to purge the Heart; for Jueyin disease where hot Qi rushes to the heart, it is combined with Wumei (Mume Fructus); for diarrhea accompanied by tenesmus, it is combined with Baitouweng Tang (Pulsatilla Decoction) and other methods. This truly reflects the sagehood of one who believes in and loves antiquity.
[Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix)]
The flavor is sweet, the nature is warm, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats severe wind pathogens, dizziness and headache, aversion to wind, blindness caused by wind pathogens preventing vision, wind pathogens circulating throughout the body, joint pain, and heaviness of the body. Long-term consumption makes the body feel light.
Chen Xiuyuan stated: Fangfeng has a warm nature, inheriting the spring generating energy from heaven and entering the Liver Meridian; its flavor is sweet and non-toxic, acquiring the earth flavor of the center from earth and entering the Spleen Meridian. The three characters "primarily treats severe wind" serve as the general outline, detailed in the annotation for Bajitian (Morinda Officinalis Radix), so no repetition is needed here. Wind pathogens damaging yang positions lead to blindness and inability to see. When wind pathogens circulate throughout the body, they affect the meridians and collaterals; when causing joint pain, they affect the joints; when causing body heaviness, it indicates an inability to move agilely due to wind disease. The sweet and warm dispersing properties of Fangfeng can generally treat these conditions. However, warmth belongs to the harmonious energy of spring, entering the Liver to treat wind; what is particularly ingenious is that sweetness enters the Spleen, cultivating Earth to regulate Water dampness, making its application uniquely miraculous. This principle can be verified through the hexagrams of the *I Ching* (Book of Changes), understood through the Hexagram Bo (Peeling) and Fu (Return). When two Earth elements collapse simultaneously, it forms Bo, indicating that in severe decline, one must protect the Spleen and Stomach; when Wood and Earth do not conflict, it forms Fu, indicating that recovery requires harmonizing the Liver and Spleen. Within the act of expelling wind, Fangfeng possesses great power to restore life; yet Li Dongyuan regarded it as a lowly, common herb, which is truly ignorant.