腹痛之痛。所感不一。或因寒热。或因暑湿。或因饮食饥饱。不问何证。皆可用藿香正
气散。加木香半钱。或正气散。调化苏合香丸。
若腹痛欲得热手按。及喜热食者。此是积冷作痛。当用理中汤。或治中汤。小建中汤等
药。
若冷痛。用温药不效。痛愈甚。大便不甚通。当微利之。用藿香正气散。每服加官桂木香枳
壳各半钱。吞下来复丹。或用苏感丸。不利。则量虚实用神保丸。
有全不喜食。其人本体素怯弱。而又加以腹冷疼者。养胃汤。以白术苍术。仍加桂茱萸
各半钱。木香三分。应腹冷痛。或心脾疼者。生姜均治之。
古人云。脏腑皆有咳嗽。夫嗽属肺。何为脏腑亦皆有之、盖咳嗽为病。有自外而入者。
有自内
而发者。风寒暑湿外也。七情饥饱。内也。风寒暑湿。先自皮毛而入皮毛者。肺之合。故虽
外邪。欲传脏腑。亦
必先从其合而为嗽。此自外而入者也。七情饥饱。内有所伤。则邪气上逆。肺为气出入之道
故五脏之邪。上蒸于肺。而为嗽。此自内而发者也。然风寒暑湿。有不为嗽者。盖所感者
重。径伤脏腑。不留于皮毛。七情亦有不为嗽者。盖病尚浅。止在本脏。未即上攻。所以伤
寒
以有嗽为轻。而七情饥饱之嗽。久而复见。凡诸嗽。未审内外所感。并宜二陈汤。加杏仁五
味人参各半钱。重饮水一二口而暂止者。热嗽也。呷热汤而暂停者。冷嗽也。治热嗽以小柴
胡汤。加五味。冷嗽理中汤。加五味。皆已试之验。此出医余。
诸嗽皆可佐以应梦观音散。而加喘者。以此于食前。吞下养正丹。
壅嗽声重痰稠。或咳有血。以薄荷生胡麻各一撮。细嚼。煎苏子降气汤送下。
感风而嗽者。恶风有汗。或身体发热。或鼻流清涕。桂枝汤。加人参杏仁五味各半钱。
应嗽多汗。体虚而又不胜热药者。橘苏散。
感寒而嗽者。恶风无汗。或身体发热。或鼻流清涕。宜杏子汤。
若风寒俱感而嗽者。或恶风无汗。或恶风有汗。头痛身疼。塞鼻熏眼。涕疾稠粘者。小
青龙汤。以上三药。伤寒太阳经有嗽者。皆可用。
感暑而嗽者。自汗烦渴。或带寒。面垢。六和汤。加五味子一钱。
感湿而嗽者。身体痛重。或汗或小便不利。此多乘热入水。或冒雨露。或浴后不解湿衣
致
此。宜白术汤。热嗽咽喉干痛。鼻出热气。其痰嗽而难出。色黄且浓。或带血缕。或带血腥
臭。或坚如蛎肉。不若风寒之嗽。
痰清而白。宜金沸草散。仍以辰砂化痰丸。或薄荷煎。八风丹。含化。热嗽于金沸草
散中。加五味杏仁茯苓足成十品。入枣子一个同煎。功效尤胜。名旋复汤。
有热嗽诸药不效。竹叶石膏汤。去竹叶入粳米。少加知母。多加五味、杏仁。此必审是
伏热。在上焦心肺间。可用。
有热嗽失声。咽痛。多进冷剂而声愈不出者。宜以生姜汁。调消风散。少少进之。或只
一味
姜汁亦得。冷热嗽后。失声者尤宜。嗽而失声者。非独热嗽有之。宜审其证用药。佐以橄榄
丸含化。仍浓煎独味枇杷叶散。热服。
冷热嗽。因增减衣裳。寒热俱感。遇乍寒亦嗽。乍热亦嗽。饮热亦嗽。饮冷亦嗽。宜金
沸草
散。消风散。各一帖和煎。或应梦人参散。或款冬花散。二母散。仍以辰砂化痰丸。八风
丹。或四和丸。含化。七情饥饱嗽。无非伤动脏腑正气。致邪上逆。结成痰涎。肺道不理。
宜顺为先。四七汤半帖。加桑白皮杏仁五味子人参阿胶各半钱。
有嗽血痰。与食俱出者。此盖饮食失节。致肝气不利。而肺又有客邪。肝浊道。肺清道
清浊相干。宜二陈汤。加木香、杏仁、细辛、枳壳各半钱。
有饮冷热酒。或饮冷水。伤肺致嗽。俗谓之凑肺。宜紫菀饮。劳嗽。有久嗽成劳者。有
因病
劳久嗽者。其证寒热往来。或浊热无寒。咽干嗌痛。精神疲极。所嗽之痰。或浓。或时有血
腥臭异常。语声不出者。补肺汤半帖。加杏仁、贝母、款冬花、阿胶、百合各半钱。煎去
渣。调钟乳粉。咽痛者。更加桔梗半钱。热甚者。更加秦艽半钱。呕者。去地黄。加半夏如
其数。气急者。加灵砂丹。或三炒丹。
经年累月久嗽不已。服药不瘥。余无他证。却与劳嗽不同。宜三拗汤。仍佐以青金丹。
脾胃如常。饮食不妨者。加味人参清肺汤。参粟汤。有暴嗽。服药不效者。或教之进
生料
鹿茸丸。大菟丝子丸方愈。此乃肾虚所致。有本有标。却不可以暴嗽为疑。遽补之非。然所
以易愈者。亦觉之早故也。
嗽而有血。见诸血门。嗽血证。
时行嗽。发热恶寒。头痛鼻塞。气急。状如伤冷热。连咳不已。初得病。即伏枕一两日
即轻
记壬午秋。满城有此病。继时甲午年夏秋之交。此病又自南而北。得免者少。并呼为虾蟆
瘟。用参苏饮。加细辛半钱。
腹痛的疼痛，致病原因各不相同。有的因寒热引起，有的因暑湿引起，有的因饮食饥饱不均引起。不论属于何种证候，都可以使用藿香正气散，加入木香半钱；或者用正气散调化苏合香丸服用。
如果腹痛时喜欢用热手按压，且喜食热物，这是积冷导致的疼痛。应当使用理中汤、治中汤或小建中汤等药物。
如果是冷痛，使用温药无效，反而疼痛加剧，大便不太通畅，应当轻微通下。可用藿香正气散，每服加入官桂、木香、枳壳各半钱，吞服下来复丹；或者使用苏感丸。如果仍然不通利，则根据患者虚实情况选用神保丸。
有的人完全不想吃东西，体质原本就怯弱，又加上腹部冷痛，应使用养胃汤，以白术、苍术为主，仍加入吴茱萸、肉桂各半钱，木香三分。凡是腹部冷痛，或心脾疼痛的，生姜都能治疗。
古人说，脏腑都有咳嗽。但咳嗽归属于肺，为什么脏腑也都有呢？大概咳嗽这种病，有从外部侵入的，也有从内部引发的。风寒暑湿属于外邪，七情失调和饮食饥饱属于内伤。风寒暑湿首先从皮毛侵入，皮毛是肺的外合，所以即使是外邪，想要传入脏腑，也必须先从其相合的部位（皮毛）引发咳嗽。这是从外部侵入的情况。七情失调和饮食饥饱在内部造成损伤，导致邪气上逆，肺是气出入的通道，所以五脏的邪气向上熏蒸于肺，从而引发咳嗽。这是从内部引发的情况。然而，感受风寒暑湿并不一定都会咳嗽，这是因为感受的病邪较重，直接伤害了脏腑，没有停留在皮毛；七情内伤也不一定都会咳嗽，这是因为病情尚浅，只停留在本脏，没有立即向上攻冲。所以伤寒病中以出现咳嗽为轻症，而由七情饥饱引起的咳嗽，往往迁延日久才会再次发作。对于各种咳嗽，如果不分辨内外病因，都适宜使用二陈汤，加入杏仁、五味子、人参各半钱。饮水一两口后暂时缓解的，是热嗽；喝热汤后暂时缓解的，是冷嗽。治疗热嗽用小柴胡汤，加入五味子；治疗冷嗽用理中汤，加入五味子，这些都是已经验证有效的方子。这出自《医余》。
各种咳嗽都可以辅助使用应梦观音散，如果伴有气喘，则在饭前吞服养正丹。
痰壅盛、声音重浊、痰液粘稠，或者咳嗽带血的，取薄荷、生胡麻各一撮，细细咀嚼，煎煮苏子降气汤送服。
感受风邪而咳嗽的，表现为怕风、有汗，或者身体发热，或者鼻流清涕，用桂枝汤，加入人参、杏仁、五味子各半钱。
感受寒邪而咳嗽的，表现为怕风、无汗，或者身体发热，或者鼻流清涕，适宜用杏子汤。
如果风寒同时感受而咳嗽的，或者怕风无汗，或者怕风有汗，头痛身疼，鼻塞眼涩，鼻涕黄稠粘滞的，用小青龙汤。以上三种药物，伤寒太阳经受邪出现咳嗽的，都可以使用。
感受暑邪而咳嗽的，表现为自汗、烦躁口渴，或者兼有寒气，面色污垢，用六和汤，加入五味子一钱。
感受湿邪而咳嗽的，表现为身体沉重疼痛，或者出汗，或者小便不利。这多是乘热入水，或者冒犯雨露，或者洗澡后未及时脱下湿衣所致。适宜用白术汤。
热嗽表现为咽喉干痛，鼻孔出热气，痰液粘稠难以咳出，颜色黄且浓，或者带有血丝，或者带有血腥臭味，或者痰块坚硬如牡蛎肉。不像风寒咳嗽那样，痰液清稀白色。适宜用金沸草散，仍以辰砂化痰丸，或者薄荷煎剂、八风丹含化。在治疗热嗽的金沸草散中，加入五味子、杏仁、茯苓，凑足十味药，放入一个枣子同煎，功效尤其显著，名为旋复汤。
如果有热嗽，服用各种药物无效，可用竹叶石膏汤，去掉竹叶，加入粳米，少加知母，多加五味子、杏仁。这必须审察确认为伏热潜伏在上焦心肺之间，才可使用。
如果有热嗽导致失声、咽痛，大量进服冷药后声音更加发不出来的，适宜用生姜汁调匀消风散，少量频服。或者只用一味姜汁也可以。对于冷热咳嗽后失声的患者尤其适宜。咳嗽导致失声的，不仅仅是热嗽才有，应当审察证候用药，辅助以橄榄丸含化，并浓煎独味枇杷叶散，热服。
冷热咳嗽，因为增减衣裳不当，寒热同时感受，遇到突然变冷也咳嗽，遇到突然变热也咳嗽，喝热水也咳嗽，喝冷水也咳嗽。适宜用金沸草散、消风散，各一帖混合煎服；或者应梦人参散，或者款冬花散、二母散，仍以辰砂化痰丸、八风丹或四和丸含化。
七情失调和饮食饥饱引起的咳嗽，无非是损伤脏腑正气，导致邪气上逆，凝结成痰涎，肺道调理失常，治疗应以顺气为先。用四七汤半帖，加入桑白皮、杏仁、五味子、人参、阿胶各半钱。
有咳嗽吐血痰，与食物一起出来的，这大概是饮食不节制，导致肝气不利，而肺又有外来邪气，肝主浊道，肺主清道，清浊之气相互干扰，适宜用二陈汤，加入木香、杏仁、细辛、枳壳各半钱。
有饮用冷热酒，或者饮用冷水，损伤肺部导致咳嗽的，俗称为“凑肺”，适宜用紫菀饮。劳嗽，有久咳成劳损的，有病后劳累导致久咳的。其症状表现为寒热往来，或者只有浊热没有寒气，咽干喉痛，精神极度疲乏，所咳出的痰液，或者浓稠，或者有时带有异常腥臭的血腥味，说话声音出不来的，用补肺汤半帖，加入杏仁、贝母、款冬花、阿胶、百合各半钱，煎煮去渣，调入钟乳粉。咽痛的，再加桔梗半钱；热势重的，再加秦艽半钱；呕吐的，去掉地黄，加入半夏如原方数量；气急的，加入灵砂丹或三炒丹。
经年累月久咳不止，服药不见好转，没有其他病症，这与劳嗽不同，适宜用三拗汤，仍辅助以青金丹。脾胃如常，饮食不受影响的，用加味人参清肺汤、参粟汤。有突发咳嗽，服药无效的，有人建议服用生料鹿茸丸、大菟丝子丸方可痊愈。这是肾虚所致，虽有本标之分，但不可以突发咳嗽为由怀疑，急于进补是错误的。然而之所以容易治愈，也是因为发现得早的缘故。
咳嗽带血，参见诸血门中的嗽血证。
时行咳嗽，表现为发热恶寒、头痛鼻塞、气急，症状像伤了冷热一样，连续咳嗽不停。刚得病时，即使卧床一两日也会减轻。记得壬午年秋天，满城都有这种病，随后甲午年夏秋之交，此病又从南向北传播，能免于患病的人很少，大家都称之为虾蟆瘟。用参苏饮，加入细辛半钱。
The pain of abdominal pain varies in its causation. It may be caused by cold or heat, by summer-heat and dampness, or by irregularities in diet such as overeating or fasting. Regardless of the specific syndrome, Huoxiang Zhengqi San (Agastache Powder to Rectify the Qi) can be used, with Banqian (half a qian) of Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) added; or Zhengqi San (Qi-Rectifying Powder) can be used to dissolve Suhexiang Wan (Styrax Pill).
If abdominal pain is relieved by pressing with warm hands and the patient prefers hot food, this is pain caused by accumulated cold. Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), Zhizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), or Xiaojianzhong Tang (Minor Construct the Middle Decoction) should be used.
If it is cold pain and warm herbs are ineffective, causing increased pain, and the stool is not very unobstructed, mild purgation should be employed. Use Huoxiang Zhengqi San, adding Guigui (Cinnamon Twig), Muxiang, and Zhike (Aurantii Fructus) half a qian each per dose, swallowing Laifu Dan (Reviving Life Pill); or use Sugan Wan (Perilla Detoxification Pill). If there is still no relief, Shenbao Wan (Spirit Protecting Pill) should be used according to the deficiency or excess condition.
For those who have no desire to eat at all, possess a constitution that is inherently weak, and suffer from cold abdominal pain, Yangwei Tang (Nourish the Stomach Decoction) should be used, primarily with Baizhu (Atractodis Rhizoma) and Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), adding Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus) and Rougui (Cinnamon Bark) half a qian each, and Muxiang three fen. For any cold abdominal pain or heart-spleen pain, Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) is effective.
Ancients said that all zang-fu organs can have cough. However, cough belongs to the Lung. Why do all zang-fu organs also have it? Generally, cough as a disease comes from external invasion or internal emergence. Wind, cold, summer-heat, and dampness are external; seven emotions and dietary irregularities are internal. Wind, cold, summer-heat, and dampness enter first through the skin and hair. The skin and hair are the exterior correspondence of the Lung. Therefore, even if external pathogens intend to transmit to the zang-fu, they must first affect their correspondence and cause cough. This is the case of external invasion. Internal injury from the seven emotions and dietary irregularities causes pathogenic qi to rebel upward. Since the Lung is the pathway for the entry and exit of qi, the pathogenic qi of the five zang organs steams upward into the Lung, causing cough. This is the case of internal emergence. However, contracting wind, cold, summer-heat, or dampness does not always result in cough. This is because the contracted pathogen is heavy, directly injuring the zang-fu without lingering in the skin and hair. Similarly, emotional injury does not always cause cough because the disease is still shallow, remaining in the primary organ without immediately attacking upward. Thus, in Shanghan (Cold Damage), the presence of cough indicates a lighter condition, whereas cough from seven emotions and dietary irregularities tends to recur after a long time. For various coughs, if the internal or external cause is not determined, Erchen Tang (Two Aged Substances Decoction) with Xingren (Armeniacae Semen), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), and Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) half a qian each is suitable. Cough temporarily relieved by drinking one or two mouthfuls of water is Heat Cough. Cough temporarily relieved by sipping hot soup is Cold Cough. Treat Heat Cough with Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) plus Wuweizi; treat Cold Cough with Lizhong Tang plus Wuweizi. These are proven effective methods from *Yiyu* (Medical Residues).
All types of cough can be assisted with Yingmeng Guanyin San (Dreaming Avalokitesvara Powder). If accompanied by asthma, swallow Yangzheng Dan (Nourishing Righteousness Pill) before meals.
For Phlegm Obstruction Cough with heavy voice and thick phlegm, or cough with blood, chew Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) and Sheng Humaziren (Sesami Semen) each one handful finely, then take with Suanzi Jiangqi Tang (Perillae Seed Descending Qi Decoction).
For cough caused by Wind contraction, characterized by aversion to wind, sweating, or body fever, or runny clear nasal discharge, use Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) with Renshen, Xingren, and Wuweizi half a qian each.
For general cough with excessive sweating, in patients with weak constitution who cannot tolerate hot herbs, use Jusu San (Tangerine Peel and Perilla Leaf Powder).
For cough caused by Cold contraction, characterized by aversion to wind, no sweating, or body fever, or runny clear nasal discharge, Xingzi Tang (Apricot Kernel Decoction) is suitable.
If both Wind and Cold are contracted causing cough, whether with aversion to wind and no sweating or aversion to wind and sweating, accompanied by headache, body ache, nasal congestion, eye irritation, and thick sticky nasal discharge, use Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Green Dragon Decoction). The above three formulas can be used for cough associated with the Taiyang Channel of Shanghan.
For cough caused by Summer-heat contraction, characterized by spontaneous sweating, irritability, thirst, or accompanying cold, and greasy complexion, use Liuhe Tang (Harmonizing Six Decoction) with Wuweizi one qian.
For cough caused by Dampness contraction, characterized by heavy painful body, sweating, or difficult urination. This is often due to entering water while hot, exposure to rain and dew, or not drying wet clothes after bathing. Baizhu Tang (Atractylodes Macrocephala Decoction) is suitable.
Heat Cough presents with dry and painful throat, hot air exhaled from the nose, thick and difficult-to-expectorate yellow and dense phlegm, possibly with blood threads or a bloody/fishy odor, or hard phlegm like oyster meat. This differs from Wind-Cold cough, which has clear white phlegm. Jinfeicao San (Boilweed Powder) is suitable, assisted by ChenSha Huatan Wan (Cinnabar Phlegm-Resolving Pill), Bohe decoction, or Bafeng Dan (Eight Winds Pill) for dissolving in the mouth. In Jinfeicao San for treating Heat Cough, add Wuweizi, Xingren, and Fuling (Poria) to make ten ingredients, boil with one jujube. The efficacy is superior, named Xuanfu Tang (Inula Decoction).
If Heat Cough is unresponsive to various medicines, use Zhuye Shigao Tang (Leaf and Gypsum Decoction), remove Zhuye (Bambusae Folium), add Jingmi (Oryza Semen), a little Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), and more Wuweizi and Xingren. This is only applicable after confirming latent heat residing between the Upper Jiao, Heart, and Lung.
If Heat Cough leads to loss of voice and sore throat, and taking large amounts of cold remedies further prevents voice production, use Shengjiang juice mixed with Xiaofeng San (Wind-Dispersing Powder), taken in small frequent doses. Or simply use pure ginger juice. This is especially suitable for voice loss after cold or heat cough. Voice loss from cough is not exclusive to Heat Cough; medication should be chosen based on syndrome differentiation. Assist with Ganlan Wan (Olive Pill) for dissolving, and drink strong single-ingredient Pipaye San (Loquat Leaf Powder) hot.
Cold-Heat Cough, caused by improper clothing adjustment leading to simultaneous contraction of cold and heat, results in cough upon sudden cold, sudden heat, drinking hot liquids, or drinking cold liquids. Use Jinfeicao San and Xiaofeng San, one packet each, decocted together; or Yingmeng Renshen San (Dreaming Ginseng Powder); or Kuandonghua San (Farfarae Flos Powder) and Ermu San (Two Mothers Powder), assisted by ChenSha Huatan Wan, Bafeng Dan, or Sihe Wan (Four Harmonies Pill) for dissolving.
Cough from seven emotions and dietary irregularities essentially injures the righteous qi of the zang-fu, causing pathogenic qi to rebel upward, condensing into phlegm-drool, and disrupting the Lung pathways. Treatment should prioritize regulating qi. Use Qisi Tang (Seven Emotions Decoction) half a packet, adding Sangbaipi (Morus Cortex), Xingren, Wuweizi, Renshen, and Ejiao (Asini Corii Colla) half a qian each.
For cough with bloody phlegm coming out with food, this is likely due to irregular diet causing Liver Qi stagnation, combined with external pathogens in the Lung. The Liver governs turbid pathways, the Lung governs clear pathways; clear and turbid interfere with each other. Erchen Tang with Muxiang, Xingren, Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), and Zhike half a qian each is suitable.
Cough caused by drinking cold/hot wine or cold water damaging the Lung is colloquially called "Cou Fei" (Congesting Lung). Ziwan Yin (Sinomenine Decoction) is suitable. Labor Cough includes cases where long-term cough becomes laborious, or illness-related fatigue causes long-term cough. Symptoms include alternating chills and fever, or turbid heat without chills, dry throat and sore throat, extreme mental fatigue, thick phlegm, or occasionally abnormal fishy-smelling bloody sputum, and inability to speak. Buyang Tang (Tonify Lung Decoction) half a packet, adding Xingren, Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus), Kuandonghua, Ejiao, and Baihe (Lilii Bulbus) half a qian each, decocted and strained, mixed with Zhongru Fen (Calcitriolum Powder). For sore throat, add Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) half a qian; for severe heat, add Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix) half a qian; for vomiting, remove Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) and add Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) in equal amount; for急促 breathing, add Lingsha Dan (Cinnabar Pill) or Sanchao Dan (Three-Fried Pill).
Long-term cough persisting for years despite medication, with no other symptoms, differs from Labor Cough. San'ao Tang (Three Unbinding Decoction) is suitable, assisted by Qingjin Dan (Blue Gold Pill). If spleen and stomach are normal and eating is unaffected, Jiawei Renshen Qingfei Tang (Modified Ginseng Lung-Clearing Decoction) or Renshen Sutang (Ginseng and Millet Soup) can be used. For sudden cough unresponsive to medicine, some recommend Shengliao Lurong Wan (Raw Material Deer Antler Pill) or Datiansizi Wan (Large Dodder Seed Pill) for cure. This is caused by Kidney deficiency. Although there are root and branch aspects, one should not doubt sudden cough and rush to tonify incorrectly. However, the reason it heals easily is early detection.
Cough with blood is discussed in the Blood Syndromes section under Coughing Blood Syndrome.
Epidemic Cough presents with fever, aversion to cold, headache, nasal congestion,急促 breathing, resembling cold/heat injury, with continuous coughing. Early in the disease, resting in bed for one or two days brings relief. I recall in the autumn of Renwu year, this disease was prevalent throughout the city. Later, in the summer-autumn transition of Jiawu year, it spread from south to north, with few escaping. It was called "Toad Plague." Canxi Yin (Ginseng and Saposhnikovia Decoction) with Xixin half a qian is used.