妊娠心腹痛而下血者为胎动，不痛而下血者为胎漏。大抵胎漏，由血热者下血必多。若内热作渴者，宜益
母四物汤。血黑成片者，宜加味三补丸。血虚者，胶艾四物汤或二黄散。血虚微热者，宜续断汤。气虚者，宜
胶艾四君汤。气虚有热者，宜香砂四物汤。劳役下血者，宜加味枳壳汤。劳役、感寒以至气虚欲堕者，宜芎
归补血汤。房劳触伤者，宜八珍汤（方见前胎虚不安条中），加阿胶一钱，蕲艾五分。下血过多者，宜八珍汤
（方见前胎虚不安条中），未应，用补中益气汤。脾胃虚弱而下水不止，宜补中益气汤加五味子。脾胃虚陷
而下血不止，宜补中益气汤倍加柴胡、升麻。若漏血如月经，以至胞干，子母俱损者，宜二炒煎。若漏下黄汁
如豆汁甚多者，宜黄 汤。若火热迫血妄行者，宜凉胎饮。（方见前胎热不安条中）。热甚者，徙薪饮。若肝
经有风热者，宜防风黄芩丸。若怒气伤肝而暴下血者，宜保阴煎（方见前胎热不安条中）。若母气壮盛，身无
所苦，而月经如常漏下者，此阴胎有余而血之溢也。儿大能饮血自止矣，不必治之。然亦不可使之多下，治宜
和血凉血，健脾安胎，宜四妙散。
益母四物汤
熟地黄 当归 白芍（炒） 川芎 益母草 黄芩（酒炒） 黄连（姜汁炒） 白术（白蜜炙，各一钱）
水煎，食前服。
加味三补丸
黄芩（酒炒） 黄连（酒炒） 黄柏（酒炒） 香附（制） 白芍（酒炒，各一钱）
水煎，温服。
胶艾四物汤
阿胶（炒珠） 艾叶 熟地黄 当归 川芎 白芍（酒炒，各一钱）
水煎服。
二黄散
生地黄 熟地黄（各等分）
为末，每三钱，白术（蜜炙）、枳壳（麸炒）各一钱，煎汤调下。
胶芩四君汤
人参 白术（蜜炙） 茯苓 甘草（炙） 阿胶（炒珠） 黄芩（酒炒，各一钱） 姜（三片） 枣（二枚）
水煎服。
香砂四物汤
熟地黄 当归 白芍 川芎 阿胶（炒珠） 条芩（各一钱） 砂仁 香附（炒黑） 艾叶（各五分）
糯米（一撮）
水煎服。
加味枳壳汤
白术（蜜炙） 熟地黄（各一钱） 生地黄 枳壳（麸炒） 黄芩（炒，各五分）
水煎服。如未效加当归一钱。
芎归补血汤
黄 （蜜炙） 当归 白芍 白术（蜜炙，各一钱半） 阿胶（炒珠） 五味子（杵） 干姜（炮，各一钱）
人参 杜仲（盐水炒断丝） 炙甘草（各五分）
水煎服。（一方有木香五分）
补中益气汤
人参 黄 （蜜炙） 白术（蜜炙） 甘草（炙，各一钱五分） 当归（一钱） 陈皮（五分） 升麻
柴胡（各三分） 姜（三片） 枣（二枚）
水煎，空心服。
二妙散
熟地黄（炒） 干姜（炮，各二钱）
为末，米饮调服。
黄 汤
黄 （二两） 糯米（一合）
水煎服。
徙薪饮
陈皮（八分） 黄芩（二钱） 麦冬（去心） 白芍 黄柏 茯苓 牡丹皮（各一钱五分）
水煎，食远温服。
如郁气逆，肝胁痛动血者，加青皮、山栀仁（炒黑）各一钱。
防风黄芩丸
条芩（炒黑） 防风（等分）
为末，酒丸，米饮送下二钱。
四妙散
当归（二钱） 川芎 白术（蜜炙） 黄芩（各一钱）
水煎，食远服。如未效加阿胶（炒珠）一钱。
妊娠期间出现心腹疼痛并伴有阴道出血的，称为胎动；若不疼痛而仅有阴道出血的，称为胎漏。大抵而言，胎漏若由血热引起，出血量必然较多。如果伴有内热、口渴症状的，适宜使用益母四物汤（Yimu Siwu Tang, Motherwort Four Substances Decoction）。若血液颜色黑且结成片状的，适宜使用加味三补丸（Jiawei Sanbu Wan, Modified Three Tonics Pill）。属于血虚证的，适宜使用胶艾四物汤（Jiao'ai Siwu Tang, Donkey-hide Gelatin and Mugwort Four Substances Decoction）或二黄散（Erhuang San, Two Yellow Powders）。血虚兼有轻微发热的，适宜使用续断汤（Xuduan Tang, Dipsacus Decoction）。属于气虚证的，适宜使用胶艾四君汤（Jiaoai Sijun Tang, Donkey-hide Gelatin and Mugwort Four Gentlemen Decoction）。气虚兼有内热的，适宜使用香砂四物汤（Xiangsha Siwu Tang, Aromatic Sandalwood and Tsaoko Four Substances Decoction）。因过度劳累导致下血的，适宜使用加味枳壳汤（Jiawei Zhike Tang, Modified Aurantium Decoction）。因劳累、感受寒邪导致气虚且有堕胎倾向的，适宜使用芎归补血汤（Xionggui Buxue Tang, Ligusticum and Angelica Blood-Nourishing Decoction）。因房事劳损受伤的，适宜使用八珍汤（Bazhen Tang, Eight Treasures Decoction），并加入阿胶（Ejiao, Donkey-hide Gelatin）一钱、蕲艾（Qiai, Qi Mugwort）五分。出血过多的，适宜使用八珍汤（Bazhen Tang, Eight Treasures Decoction），若无效，改用补中益气汤（Buzhong Yiqi Tang, Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction）。脾胃虚弱导致下血不止的，适宜在补中益气汤（Buzhong Yiqi Tang, Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction）中加入五味子（Wuweizi, Schisandra Berry）。脾胃气陷导致下血不止的，适宜在补中益气汤（Buzhong Yiqi Tang, Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction）中加倍使用柴胡（Chaihu, Bupleurum Root）和升麻（Shengma, Cimicifuga Rhizome）。若漏血如同月经量一般，以至于胞宫干枯，母子俱损的，适宜使用二炒煎（Erchao Jian, Double-Fried Decoction）。若漏下黄色汁液如豆汁般且量很大的，适宜使用黄芪汤（Huangqi Tang, Astragalus Decoction）。若因火热之邪逼迫血液妄行的，适宜使用凉胎饮（Liangtai Yin, Cooling Fetus Drink）。热势严重的，使用徙薪饮（Xixin Yin, Remove Firewood Drink）。若肝经有风热的，适宜使用防风黄芩丸（Fangfeng Huangqin Wan, Saposhnikovia and Scutellaria Pills）。若因愤怒伤肝导致突然大量出血的，适宜使用保阴煎（Baoyin Jian, Preserve Yin Decoction）。若孕妇体质壮盛，身体无其他不适，但月经照常漏下的，这是阴胎有余而血液外溢的表现。胎儿长大到能自行摄取血液时，出血自然会停止，不必治疗。然而也不可使出血过多，治疗宜调和血液、清凉血液、健脾安胎，适宜使用四妙散（Simiao San, Four Marvels Powder）。
益母四物汤（Yimu Siwu Tang, Motherwort Four Substances Decoction）
熟地黄（Shudihuang, Prepared Rehmannia Root）、当归（Danggui, Angelica Sinensis）、白芍（Baishao, White Peony Root，炒制）、川芎（Chuanxiong, Ligusticum Chuanxiong）、益母草（Yimucao, Motherwort Herb）、黄芩（Huangqin, Scutellaria Baicalensis，酒炒）、黄连（Huanglian, Coptis Chinensis，姜汁炒）、白术（Baizhu, Atractylodes Macrocephala，白蜜炙），各一钱。
加水煎煮，饭前服用。
加味三补丸（Jiawei Sanbu Wan, Modified Three Tonics Pill）
黄芩（Huangqin, Scutellaria Baicalensis，酒炒）、黄连（Huanglian, Coptis Chinensis，酒炒）、黄柏（Huangbai, Phellodendron Amurense，酒炒）、香附（Xiangfu, Cyperi Rhizoma，制）、白芍（Baishao, White Peony Root，酒炒），各一钱。
加水煎煮，温服。
胶艾四物汤（Jiao'ai Siwu Tang, Donkey-hide Gelatin and Mugwort Four Substances Decoction）
阿胶（Ejiao, Donkey-hide Gelatin，炒成珠状）、艾叶（Aiye, Mugwort Leaf）、熟地黄（Shudihuang, Prepared Rehmannia Root）、当归（Danggui, Angelica Sinensis）、川芎（Chuanxiong, Ligusticum Chuanxiong）、白芍（Baishao, White Peony Root，酒炒），各一钱。
加水煎煮服用。
二黄散（Erhuang San, Two Yellow Powders）
生地黄（Shengdihuang, Raw Rehmannia Root）、熟地黄（Shudihuang, Prepared Rehmannia Root），各等分。
研为细末，每次取三钱，配合白术（Baizhu, Atractylodes Macrocephala，蜜炙）、枳壳（Zhike, Aurantium Deciduum，麸炒）各一钱，用煎好的药汤调服。
胶芩四君汤（Jiaoqin Sijun Tang, Donkey-hide Gelatin and Scutellaria Four Gentlemen Decoction）*注：原文此处标题为“胶艾四君汤”，但成分含黄芩无艾叶，疑为笔误或异名，依原文成分翻译*
人参（Renshen, Ginseng Radix）、白术（Baizhu, Atractylodes Macrocephala，蜜炙）、茯苓（Fuling, Poria）、甘草（Gancao, Licorice Root，炙）、阿胶（Ejiao, Donkey-hide Gelatin，炒成珠状）、黄芩（Huangqin, Scutellaria Baicalensis，酒炒），各一钱。生姜（Shengjiang, Fresh Ginger Root）三片，大枣（Dazao, Jujube）二枚。
加水煎煮服用。
香砂四物汤（Xiangsha Siwu Tang, Aromatic Sandalwood and Tsaoko Four Substances Decoction）
熟地黄（Shudihuang, Prepared Rehmannia Root）、当归（Danggui, Angelica Sinensis）、白芍（Baishao, White Peony Root）、川芎（Chuanxiong, Ligusticum Chuanxiong）、阿胶（Ejiao, Donkey-hide Gelatin，炒成珠状）、条芩（Tiaohuangqin, Top-grade Scutellaria Baicalensis），各一钱。砂仁（Sharen, Tsaoko Fruit）、香附（Xiangfu, Cyperi Rhizoma，炒黑）、艾叶（Aiye, Mugwort Leaf），各五分。糯米（Nuomi, Glutinous Rice）一撮。
加水煎煮服用。
加味枳壳汤（Jiawei Zhike Tang, Modified Aurantium Decoction）
白术（Baizhu, Atractylodes Macrocephala，蜜炙）、熟地黄（Shudihuang, Prepared Rehmannia Root），各一钱。生地黄（Shengdihuang, Raw Rehmannia Root）、枳壳（Zhike, Aurantium Deciduum，麸炒）、黄芩（Huangqin, Scutellaria Baicalensis，炒），各五分。
加水煎煮服用。如果无效，加入当归（Danggui, Angelica Sinensis）一钱。
芎归补血汤（Xionggui Buxue Tang, Ligusticum and Angelica Blood-Nourishing Decoction）
黄芪（Huangqi, Astragalus Membranaceus，蜜炙）、当归（Danggui, Angelica Sinensis）、白芍（Baishao, White Peony Root）、白术（Baizhu, Atractylodes Macrocephala，蜜炙），各一钱半。阿胶（Ejiao, Donkey-hide Gelatin，炒成珠状）、五味子（Wuweizi, Schisandra Berry，捣碎）、干姜（Ganjiang, Dried Ginger Root，炮制），各一钱。人参（Renshen, Ginseng Radix）、杜仲（Duzhong, Eucommia Bark，盐水炒至丝断）、炙甘草（Zhi Gancao, Processed Licorice Root），各五分。
加水煎煮服用。（另一配方含有木香 Muxiang, Aucklandia Root 五分）
补中益气汤（Buzhong Yiqi Tang, Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction）
人参（Renshen, Ginseng Radix）、黄芪（Huangqi, Astragalus Membranaceus，蜜炙）、白术（Baizhu, Atractylodes Macrocephala，蜜炙）、甘草（Gancao, Licorice Root，炙），各一钱五分。当归（Danggui, Angelica Sinensis）一钱。陈皮（Chenpi, Tangerine Peel）五分。升麻（Shengma, Cimicifuga Rhizoma）、柴胡（Chaihu, Bupleurum Root），各三分。生姜（Shengjiang, Fresh Ginger Root）三片，大枣（Dazao, Jujube）二枚。
加水煎煮，空腹服用。
二炒煎（Erchao Jian, Double-Fried Decoction）*注：原文方名与组成似有脱漏或简略，依原文直译*
熟地黄（Shudihuang, Prepared Rehmannia Root，炒制）、干姜（Ganjiang, Dried Ginger Root，炮制），各二钱。
研为细末，用米饮（Rice Drink）调服。
黄芪汤（Huangqi Tang, Astragalus Decoction）
黄芪（Huangqi, Astragalus Membranaceus）二两。糯米（Nuomi, Glutinous Rice）一合。
加水煎煮服用。
徙薪饮（Xixin Yin, Remove Firewood Drink）
陈皮（Chenpi, Tangerine Peel）八分。黄芩（Huangqin, Scutellaria Baicalensis）二钱。麦冬（Maidong, Ophiopogon Japonicus，去心）、白芍（Baishao, White Peony Root）、黄柏（Huangbai, Phellodendron Amurense）、茯苓（Fuling, Poria）、牡丹皮（Mudanpi, Moutan Cortex），各一钱五分。
加水煎煮，饭后稍远时间温服。
如果有郁结之气上逆，导致肝胁部疼痛而出血的，加入青皮（Qingpi, Green Tangerine Peel）、山栀仁（Shanzhiren, Gardenia Seed，炒黑）各一钱。
防风黄芩丸（Fangfeng Huangqin Wan, Saposhnikovia and Scutellaria Pills）
条芩（Tiaohuangqin, Top-grade Scutellaria Baicalensis，炒黑）、防风（Fangfeng, Saposhnikovia Root），等分。
研为细末，用酒制成丸剂，用米饮送服二钱。
四妙散（Simiao San, Four Marvels Powder）
当归（Danggui, Angelica Sinensis）二钱。川芎（Chuanxiong, Ligusticum Chuanxiong）、白术（Baizhu, Atractylodes Macrocephala，蜜炙）、黄芩（Huangqin, Scutellaria Baicalensis），各一钱。
加水煎煮，饭后稍远时间服用。如果无效，加入阿胶（Ejiao, Donkey-hide Gelatin，炒成珠状）一钱。
During pregnancy, if there is pain in the heart and abdomen accompanied by vaginal bleeding, it is termed Tai Dong (Fetal Movement); if there is vaginal bleeding without pain, it is termed Tai Lou (Fetal Leakage). Generally speaking, if Tai Lou is caused by Blood Heat, the amount of bleeding will be considerable. If accompanied by internal heat and thirst, Yi Mu Siwu Tang (Motherwort Four Substances Decoction) is appropriate. If the blood is dark and forms clumps, Jiawei Sanbu Wan (Modified Three Tonics Pill) is appropriate. For patterns of Blood Deficiency, Jiao'ai Siwu Tang (Donkey-hide Gelatin and Mugwort Four Substances Decoction) or Erhuang San (Two Yellow Powders) are appropriate. For Blood Deficiency with slight heat, Xuduan Tang (Dipsacus Decoction) is appropriate. For patterns of Qi Deficiency, Jiaoai Sijun Tang (Donkey-hide Gelatin and Mugwort Four Gentlemen Decoction) is appropriate. For Qi Deficiency with internal heat, Xiangsha Siwu Tang (Aromatic Sandalwood and Tsaoko Four Substances Decoction) is appropriate. For bleeding due to overexertion, Jiawei Zhike Tang (Modified Aurantium Decoction) is appropriate. For Qi Deficiency with a tendency toward miscarriage due to overexertion and cold invasion, Xionggui Buxue Tang (Ligusticum and Angelica Blood-Nourishing Decoction) is appropriate. For injuries due to sexual activity, Bazhen Tang (Eight Treasures Decoction) is appropriate, added with one qian of Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin) and five fen of Qiai (Qi Mugwort). For excessive bleeding, Bazhen Tang (Eight Treasures Decoction) is appropriate; if ineffective, Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) should be used. For continuous bleeding due to Spleen and Stomach Weakness, Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry) should be added to Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction). For continuous bleeding due to Spleen and Stomach Qi Sinking, the dosages of Chaihu (Bupleurum Root) and Shengma (Cimicifuga Rhizome) in Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) should be doubled. If leakage resembles menstrual flow, leading to dryness of the uterus and damage to both mother and fetus, Erchao Jian (Double-Fried Decoction) is appropriate. If yellow discharge resembling bean juice flows excessively, Huangqi Tang (Astragalus Decoction) is appropriate. If reckless bleeding is forced by Fire-Heat, Liangtai Yin (Cooling Fetus Drink) is appropriate. For severe heat, Xixin Yin (Remove Firewood Drink) is used. For Wind-Heat in the Liver Meridian, Fangfeng Huangqin Wan (Saposhnikovia and Scutellaria Pills) is appropriate. For sudden heavy bleeding due to anger injuring the Liver, Baoyin Jian (Preserve Yin Decoction) is appropriate. If the mother's constitution is robust, with no other discomfort, but menstruation continues to leak normally, this is due to excess Yin in the fetus causing blood overflow. Once the fetus grows large enough to absorb blood on its own, the bleeding will stop naturally, and treatment is unnecessary. However, excessive bleeding should be prevented; treatment should harmonize and cool the blood, strengthen the Spleen, and calm the fetus, using Simiao San (Four Marvels Powder).
Yi Mu Siwu Tang (Motherwort Four Substances Decoction):
Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmannia Root), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis), Baishao (White Peony Root, stir-fried), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong), Yimucao (Motherwort Herb), Huangqin (Scutellaria Baicalensis, wine-fried), Huanglian (Coptis Chinensis, ginger-juice fried), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala, honey-roasted), each 1 qian.
Decoct in water and take before meals.
Jiawei Sanbu Wan (Modified Three Tonics Pill):
Huangqin (Scutellaria Baicalensis, wine-fried), Huanglian (Coptis Chinensis, wine-fried), Huangbai (Phellodendron Amurense, wine-fried), Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma, processed), Baishao (White Peony Root, wine-fried), each 1 qian.
Decoct in water and take warm.
Jiao'ai Siwu Tang (Donkey-hide Gelatin and Mugwort Four Substances Decoction):
Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin, fried into pearls), Aiye (Mugwort Leaf), Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmannia Root), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong), Baishao (White Peony Root, wine-fried), each 1 qian.
Decoct in water and take.
Erhuang San (Two Yellow Powders):
Shengdihuang (Raw Rehmannia Root) and Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmannia Root), equal parts.
Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, mixed with decoctions of Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala, honey-roasted) and Zhike (Aurantium Deciduum, bran-fried), each 1 qian.
Jiaoqin Sijun Tang (Donkey-hide Gelatin and Scutellaria Four Gentlemen Decoction)*:
Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala, honey-roasted), Fuling (Poria), Gancao (Licorice Root, roasted), Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin, fried into pearls), Huangqin (Scutellaria Baicalensis, wine-fried), each 1 qian. Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger Root) 3 slices, Dazao (Jujube) 2 pieces.
Decoct in water and take.
Xiangsha Siwu Tang (Aromatic Sandalwood and Tsaoko Four Substances Decoction):
Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmannia Root), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis), Baishao (White Peony Root), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong), Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin, fried into pearls), Tiaohuangqin (Top-grade Scutellaria Baicalensis), each 1 qian. Sharen (Tsaoko Fruit), Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma, stir-fried until black), Aiye (Mugwort Leaf), each 5 fen. Nuomi (Glutinous Rice) a pinch.
Decoct in water and take.
Jiawei Zhike Tang (Modified Aurantium Decoction):
Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala, honey-roasted), Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmannia Root), each 1 qian. Shengdihuang (Raw Rehmannia Root), Zhike (Aurantium Deciduum, bran-fried), Huangqin (Scutellaria Baicalensis, stir-fried), each 5 fen.
Decoct in water and take. If ineffective, add Danggui (Angelica Sinensis) 1 qian.
Xionggui Buxue Tang (Ligusticum and Angelica Blood-Nourishing Decoction):
Huangqi (Astragalus Membranaceus, honey-roasted), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis), Baishao (White Peony Root), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala, honey-roasted), each 1.5 qian. Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin, fried into pearls), Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry, crushed), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger Root, processed), each 1 qian. Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Duzhong (Eucommia Bark, salt-water fried until fibers break), Zhi Gancao (Processed Licorice Root), each 5 fen.
Decoct in water and take. (Another prescription includes Muxiang [Aucklandia Root] 5 fen).
Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction):
Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Huangqi (Astragalus Membranaceus, honey-roasted), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala, honey-roasted), Gancao (Licorice Root, roasted), each 1.5 qian. Danggui (Angelica Sinensis) 1 qian. Chenpi (Tangerine Peel) 5 fen. Shengma (Cimicifuga Rhizoma), Chaihu (Bupleurum Root), each 3 fen. Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger Root) 3 slices, Dazao (Jujube) 2 pieces.
Decoct in water and take on an empty stomach.
Erchao Jian (Double-Fried Decoction)*:
Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmannia Root, stir-fried), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger Root, processed), each 2 qian.
Grind into powder and take with rice drink.
Huangqi Tang (Astragalus Decoction):
Huangqi (Astragalus Membranaceus) 2 liang. Nuomi (Glutinous Rice) 1 he.
Decoct in water and take.
Xixin Yin (Remove Firewood Drink):
Chenpi (Tangerine Peel) 8 fen. Huangqin (Scutellaria Baicalensis) 2 qian. Maidong (Ophiopogon Japonicus, heart removed), Baishao (White Peony Root), Huangbai (Phellodendron Amurense), Fuling (Poria), Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex), each 1.5 qian.
Decoct in water and take warm, well after meals.
If there is stagnant Qi rising causing Liver hypochondriac pain and bleeding, add Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel) and Shanzhiren (Gardenia Seed, stir-fried until black), each 1 qian.
Fangfeng Huangqin Wan (Saposhnikovia and Scutellaria Pills):
Tiaohuangqin (Top-grade Scutellaria Baicalensis, stir-fried until black), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root), equal parts.
Grind into powder, make pills with wine, and take 2 qian with rice drink.
Simiao San (Four Marvels Powder):
Danggui (Angelica Sinensis) 2 qian. Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala, honey-roasted), Huangqin (Scutellaria Baicalensis), each 1 qian.
Decoct in water and take well after meals. If ineffective, add Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin, fried into pearls) 1 qian.