（足少阴属脏）
肾者。天一之水。先天之本也。位北方故黑。其体常虚。处腰左右。介其中者。有命门火蒸化谷
食。名曰真阳。肾水充足。自多诞育。享大寿。凡夙夜宣劳。耄而不倦者。皆肾气之固也。好色之
流。先竭肾水。丧其本矣。瞳神下颏两腰。皆其部位。望气者觇之。肾无表症。皆属于里。
肾之虚。脉左右尺常细软。其症为头痛。为耳鸣。为耳聋。为盗汗。为夜热。为健忘。为咳嗽。为喘。
为吐血。为腰痛。为腿酸足软。为目视无光。为大便结。为小便不禁。为戴阳。为久痢久疟。
头痛者。血不能充髓海也。六味地黄丸主之。耳鸣者。血虚火旺也。六味地黄丸加牛膝、知母主之。
耳聋者。虚闭也。六味地黄丸加枸杞、人参、石菖蒲、远志主之。盗汗者。虚热也。生地黄煎、八珍汤加黄
、北五味并主之。夜热者。虚火也。四物汤加丹皮、地骨、青蒿主之。健忘者。心肾不交也。归脾汤、十
补丸主之。咳嗽者。虚火铄金也。六味地黄丸加白蜜、胡桃主之。喘者。水亏火炎也。知柏八味丸主
之。吐血者。血虚血热也。生地黄汤主之。腰痛者。水不足也。六味地黄丸加杜仲、川续断主之。腿
酸足软者。血不营筋也。十全大补汤主之。目视无光者。水不足也。六味地黄丸主之。大便结者。血
虚液枯也。六味地黄丸加白蜜、胡桃主之。小便不禁者。肾气不约也。十补汤主之。戴阳者。阴火上
亢。阴躁似阳躁也。金匮肾气丸主之。久痢久疟者。脾肾皆虚也。王母桃主之。
肾无实症。
肾之寒。肾之虚也。脉左右尺必迟沉。其症为命门火衰。为不欲食。为鸡鸣泄泻。为天柱骨倒。
为蜷卧厥冷。为奔豚。
命门火衰者。虚象百出。左归饮、右归饮主之。不欲饮食者。火力微也。八味地黄丸主之。鸡鸣泄泻
者。肾虚也。加味七神丸主之。天柱骨倒者。督脉空也。右归饮主之。蜷卧厥冷者。火衰也。右归饮、理
中汤并主之。奔豚者。肾气上冲也。奔豚丸主之。
肾之热。水将涸也。伤寒门有之。而杂症罕见。左尺右尺必沉数。或浮而空。舌黑无液。其症为
口燥咽干。为目不明。为小便不利。为小便浊。为小便出血。为大便秘。
口燥咽干者。水涸也。大承气汤主之。目不明者。目无血养也。知柏八味丸主之。小便不利者。水少
也。滋肾丸主之。小便浊者。湿热结于下焦也。萆 厘清饮主之。小便出血者。肾水热也。生地黄汤
主之。大便秘者。液涸也。大承气汤主之。
（足少阴肾经属于脏）
肾脏，是天一之水，是先天之本。位于北方，所以颜色为黑。其体性常处于虚的状态，位置在腰部左右两侧。夹在中间部位的，有命门之火蒸化谷物食物，称为真阳。肾水充足，自然多子嗣、享高寿。凡是日夜辛劳却不知疲倦的人，都是肾气固摄有力的表现。喜好色欲的人，会先耗竭肾水，丧失根本。瞳孔、下巴、两侧腰部，都是肾的部位，望诊时观察这些部位的气色可以判断肾的状况。肾没有表证，所有病症都属于里证。
肾虚时，左右尺脉通常细软。其症状表现为头痛、耳鸣、耳聋、盗汗、夜间发热、健忘、咳嗽、气喘、吐血、腰痛、腿酸脚软、视力无光、大便干结、小便失禁、戴阳证、久痢、久疟。
头痛，是因为血液不能充盈髓海。用六味地黄丸主治。
耳鸣，是因为血虚火旺。用六味地黄丸加牛膝、知母主治。
耳聋，是因为虚闭。用六味地黄丸加枸杞、人参、石菖蒲、远志主治。
盗汗，是因为虚热。用生地黄煎、八珍汤加黄柏、北五味子并治。
夜间发热，是因为虚火。用四物汤加丹皮、地骨皮、青蒿主治。
健忘，是因为心肾不交。用归脾汤、十补丸主治。
咳嗽，是因为虚火灼伤肺金。用六味地黄丸加白蜜、胡桃仁主治。
气喘，是因为水亏火炎。用知柏八味丸主治。
吐血，是因为血虚血热。用生地黄汤主治。
腰痛，是因为水不足。用六味地黄丸加杜仲、川续断主治。
腿酸脚软，是因为血液不能滋养筋脉。用十全大补汤主治。
视力无光，是因为水不足。用六味地黄丸主治。
大便干结，是因为血虚液枯。用六味地黄丸加白蜜、胡桃仁主治。
小便失禁，是因为肾气不能约束。用十补汤主治。
戴阳证，是因为阴火上亢，阴躁看起来像阳躁。用金匮肾气丸主治。
久痢久疟，是因为脾肾都虚。用王母桃主治。
肾没有实证。
肾寒，是肾虚的表现。左右尺脉必定迟沉。其症状表现为命门火衰、不想吃东西、鸡鸣泄泻、天柱骨倒、蜷缩卧倒且四肢厥冷、奔豚。
命门火衰，各种虚象百出。用左归饮、右归饮主治。
不想饮食，是因为火力微弱。用八味地黄丸主治。
鸡鸣泄泻，是因为肾虚。用加味七神丸主治。
天柱骨倒，是因为督脉空虚。用右归饮主治。
蜷卧四肢厥冷，是因为火衰。用右归饮、理中汤并治。
奔豚，是因为肾气上冲。用奔豚丸主治。
肾热，是水即将枯竭的表现。伤寒门中有此记载，而杂病中罕见。左右尺脉必定沉数，或者浮而空。舌苔黑而无津液。其症状表现为口燥咽干、眼睛看不清、小便不利、小便浑浊、小便出血、大便秘结。
口燥咽干，是因为水枯竭。用大承气汤主治。
眼睛看不清，是因为眼睛缺乏血液滋养。用知柏八味丸主治。
小便不利，是因为水少。用滋肾丸主治。
小便浑浊，是因为湿热结于下焦。用萆薢分清饮主治。
小便出血，是因为肾水热。用生地黄汤主治。
大便秘结，是因为津液枯竭。用大承气汤主治。
(Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian belongs to the Zang organs)
The Kidney is Tianyi Water (Primordial Water), the root of congenital constitution. Located in the North, its color is black. Its nature is often deficient; it is situated on the left and right sides of the waist. In the middle between them lies the Fire of the Gate of Vitality (Mingmen), which steams and transforms food into essence, known as True Yang. When Kidney Water is sufficient, one naturally has many offspring and enjoys a long life. Those who toil day and night without fatigue possess solidified Kidney Qi. Those indulgent in lust first exhaust their Kidney Water, losing their root. The pupils, chin, and both sides of the waist are areas corresponding to the Kidney; observers inspect the Qi in these areas during inspection. The Kidney has no exterior syndromes; all disorders belong to the interior.
In Kidney deficiency, the cun-guan-chi pulses at both left and right chi positions are typically fine and soft. Symptoms include headache, tinnitus, deafness, night sweats, nocturnal fever, forgetfulness, cough, asthma, hematemesis, lower back pain, soreness of legs and weakness of feet, blurred vision, constipation, urinary incontinence, Daiyang syndrome (floating yang due to yin deficiency), chronic dysentery, and chronic malaria.
Headache is caused by blood failing to fill the Sea of Marrow. It is primarily treated with Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill).
Tinnitus is caused by Blood deficiency with hyperactive Fire. It is primarily treated with Liuwei Dihuang Wan added with Niuxi (Achyranthes Root) and Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome).
Deafness is caused by deficiency obstruction. It is primarily treated with Liuwei Dihuang Wan added with Gouqi (Goji Berry), Renshen (Ginseng), Shichangpu (Acorus Rhizome), and Yuanzhi (Polygala Root).
Night sweats are caused by deficiency heat. They are primarily treated with Shengdijian Decoction or Bazhen Tang (Eight-Treasure Decoction) added with Huangbo (Phellodendron Bark) and Bei Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit).
Nocturnal fever is caused by deficiency fire. It is primarily treated with Siwu Tang (Four-Substance Decoction) added with Danpi (Moutan Cortex), Digupi (Cortex Lycii), and Qinghao (Artemisia Annua Herba).
Forgetfulness is caused by non-interaction between Heart and Kidney. It is primarily treated with Guipi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction) or Shibu Wan (Ten-Ingredient Pill).
Cough is caused by deficiency fire scorching Metal (Lungs). It is primarily treated with Liuwei Dihuang Wan added with White Honey and Hutaoren (Walnut Kernel).
Asthma is caused by Water deficiency with flaming Fire. It is primarily treated with Zhibai Bawei Wan (Anemarrhena, Phellodendron, and Eight-Ingredient Pill).
Hematemesis is caused by Blood deficiency and Blood heat. It is primarily treated with Shengdi Tang (Rehmannia Decoction).
Lower back pain is caused by insufficiency of Water (Yin). It is primarily treated with Liuwei Dihuang Wan added with Duzhong (Eucommia Bark) and Chuanxuduan (Drynaria Rhizome).
Soreness of legs and weakness of feet is caused by Blood failing to nourish the sinews. It is primarily treated with Shiquan Dabu Tang (Perfect Golden Great Tonifying Decoction).
Blurred vision is caused by insufficiency of Water. It is primarily treated with Liuwei Dihuang Wan.
Constipation is caused by Blood deficiency and dryness of fluids. It is primarily treated with Liuwei Dihuang Wan added with White Honey and Hutaoren.
Urinary incontinence is caused by Kidney Qi failing to restrain. It is primarily treated with Shibu Tang (Ten-Ingredient Decoction).
Daiyang syndrome is caused by Hyperactive Yin Fire, where Yin restlessness mimics Yang restlessness. It is primarily treated with Jin Gui Shenqi Wan (Golden Cabinet Kidney Qi Pill).
Chronic dysentery and chronic malaria are caused by deficiency of both Spleen and Kidney. They are primarily treated with Wangmutao (Peach of the Queen Mother).
The Kidney has no excess syndromes.
Kidney Cold is a manifestation of Kidney deficiency. The pulses at both left and right chi positions must be slow and deep. Symptoms include decline of Mingmen Fire, anorexia, cock-crow diarrhea, collapse of the Tianshu Bone (spine), curling up in bed with cold extremities, and Ben Tun (rushing pig) syndrome.
Decline of Mingmen Fire presents with myriad deficiency signs. It is primarily treated with Zuogui Yin (Left Restoring Infusion) or Yougui Yin (Right Restoring Infusion).
Anorexia is caused by weak Fire power. It is primarily treated with Bawei Dihuang Wan (Eight-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill).
Cock-crow diarrhea is caused by Kidney deficiency. It is primarily treated with Jiawei Qishen Wan (Modified Seven-Gods Pill).
Collapse of the Tianshu Bone is caused by emptiness of the Du Mai (Governing Vessel). It is primarily treated with Yougui Yin.
Curling up in bed with cold extremities is caused by Fire decline. It is primarily treated with Yougui Yin or Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction).
Ben Tun syndrome is caused by Kidney Qi rushing upward. It is primarily treated with Bentun Wan (Rushing Pig Pill).
Kidney Heat indicates that Water is nearly exhausted. This is recorded in the Shanghan (Cold Damage) section but is rare in miscellaneous diseases. The pulses at both left and right chi positions must be deep and rapid, or floating and empty. The tongue is black and lacks fluid. Symptoms include dry mouth and throat, visual impairment, difficult urination, turbid urine, hematuria, and severe constipation.
Dry mouth and throat are caused by exhaustion of Water. They are primarily treated with Dachengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction).
Visual impairment is caused by the eyes lacking Blood nourishment. It is primarily treated with Zhibai Bawei Wan.
Difficult urination is caused by insufficient Water. It is primarily treated with Zishen Wan (Nourish Kidney Pill).
Turbid urine is caused by Damp-Heat binding in the Lower Jiao. It is primarily treated by Bixie Fenqing Yin (Grassleaf Sedgewort Decocting Turbidity Infusion).
Hematuria is caused by Heat in Kidney Water. It is primarily treated with Shengdi Tang.
Severe constipation is caused by exhaustion of fluids. It is primarily treated with Dachengqi Tang.