（臭渊，俗名脑漏）
经曰∶鼻者，肺之外候。又曰∶胆邪移热于脑，令人辛 鼻渊。盖肺开窍于鼻，肺气清顺，
鼻气通利而知香臭；肺受风火之邪，怫郁于经，则津液壅沸，故鼻气不得宣调，或流浊涕，稠水
不止，名鼻渊证，俗为脑漏是也。此火极反兼水化之象。夫五行之理，微则当其本化，甚则兼其
鬼贼。故经曰亢则害，承乃制也。凡鼻之为病，如生疮，干结、痛痒、鼽衄，至于鼻痔、鼻息、
鼻痈、鼻 等诸证，皆属于火也。惟伤风鼻塞，流清涕者为寒；若鼻中热气，浊涕有痰，亦为热
矣。脉右寸浮洪而数。治当清肺火，有风邪兼疏散。
主方 （鼻窍不利） 片芩 栀子 防风 桔梗 枳壳 桑皮 石膏 玄参 荆芥 木通（
等分） 甘草（减半） 枇杷叶（三片，刷去毛，蜜炙） 水煎服。
又防风通圣散（因热宜服。寒天减硝、黄等味）。
辛荑汤 治肺气不利，头目昏眩，鼻塞声重，鼻渊涕水。
辛荑 川芎 白芷 防风 羌活 荆芥 本 薄荷 木通（各一两） 细辛 升麻 甘草
（炙。各三钱）
上咀，每服五钱。水二盏，煎一盏，食远温服。
丽泽通气散 治鼻不闻香臭。
黄 （八分） 苍术 羌活 独活 防风 升麻（各六分） 葛根（六分） 炙甘草（四分）
麻黄（冬月可加） 川椒 白芷（各二分）
上咀，作一服。姜三片、枣二枚，葱白三寸，水二盏煎，食远温服。
芎 散 治鼻塞为痈。
芎 槟榔 肉桂 麻黄 防己 木通 细辛 石菖蒲 白芷（各八分） 木香 川椒 甘
草（各四分）
上咀，每服三钱。水二盏，姜三片，紫苏叶（少许），煎八分，食远服。
简便方 （治鼻内窒塞不通）
菖蒲 皂角（等分）为末，每一钱，绵裹塞鼻，仰卧。
又 南星汤泡二次，切、晒为末。每二钱，枣七枚，甘草（少许），食后服。
又 瓜蒂、藜芦（各等分），为末，每一钱绵裹塞鼻中，日三易之。
又 槐叶五两，水五碗，煎二碗，量下葱三茎，豆豉一撮，再煎二沸，分二服。或用麻鞋烧灰
，吹鼻中即通。
又方（治鼻赤、酒皱鼻） 栀子略炒为末，黄蜡丸桐子大，每服三十丸，茶酒任下。
又 天门冬 侧柏叶 细茶（各一两） 共研一处。每日用一撮，盛于罐中滚汤内，盖好当
茶，一月效。
又方（治鼻内生疮） 用黑牛耳内垢敷。
又 橘核微炒为末，每服一钱，研胡桃肉酒下。
经典著作中说：鼻子是肺脏在体外的征象。又说：胆经的邪热移注于脑部，导致患者感到鼻腔辛辣刺痛并流出浊涕，称为鼻渊。因为肺开窍于鼻，肺气清肃顺畅，则鼻气通利，能够辨别香臭；若肺受到风火邪气的侵袭，邪气郁结在经络中，导致津液沸腾壅滞，所以鼻气不能宣通调和，或者流出浑浊的鼻涕，稠厚的水样分泌物不止，这被称为鼻渊证，也就是俗话说的脑漏。这是火热极盛反而表现出类似水湿化生的现象。按照五行运行的规律，病势轻微时表现为本脏的本性变化，病势严重时则会兼见克制它的“鬼贼”之象。所以经典说：亢盛则有害，有制约才能平衡。凡是鼻部的疾病，如生疮、干燥结痂、疼痛瘙痒、鼻塞流涕或鼻出血，直到鼻痔、鼻息肉、鼻痈、鼻槁等各种证候，都属于火邪为患。只有伤风引起的鼻塞、流清鼻涕的属于寒证；如果鼻中有热气，鼻涕浑浊且有痰，也属于热证。脉象表现为右寸部浮、洪且数。治疗应当清泻肺火，若有风邪则兼用疏散法。
主方（用于鼻窍不利）：黄芩、栀子、防风、桔梗、枳壳、桑白皮、石膏、玄参、荆芥、木通（以上各等分），甘草（减半量），枇杷叶（三片，刷去毛，用蜜炙）。用水煎服。
另外可用防风通圣散（因热邪适宜服用。若在寒冷天气，需减少芒硝、大黄等寒凉药物）。
辛荑汤：治疗肺气不利，头目昏眩，鼻塞声音重浊，鼻渊流浊涕。
处方：辛荑、川芎、白芷、防风、羌活、荆芥、藁本、薄荷、木通（各一两），细辛、升麻、甘草（炙。各三钱）。
将药材切碎，每次服用五钱。加水两盏，煎至一盏，饭后稍远时间温服。
丽泽通气散：治疗鼻子闻不到香臭。
处方：黄芪（八分）、苍术、羌活、独活、防风、升麻（各六分），葛根（六分），炙甘草（四分），麻黄（冬季可加用），川椒、白芷（各二分）。
将药材切碎，作为一剂服用。加生姜三片、大枣二枚、葱白三寸，加水两盏煎煮，饭后稍远时间温服。
芎䓖散：治疗鼻塞形成鼻痈。
处方：川芎、槟榔、肉桂、麻黄、防己、木通、细辛、石菖蒲、白芷（各八分），木香、川椒、甘草（各四分）。
将药材切碎，每次服用三钱。加水两盏，生姜三片，紫苏叶（少许），煎至八分，饭后稍远时间服用。
简便方（治疗鼻内堵塞不通）：
石菖蒲、皂角（等分）研为末，每次取一钱，用棉布包裹塞入鼻孔，仰卧。
又方：天南星用汤浸泡两次，切片、晒干研为末。每次取二钱，配大枣七枚，甘草（少许），饭后服用。
又方：瓜蒂、藜芦（各等分），研为末，每次取一钱用棉布包裹塞入鼻中，每天更换三次。
又方：槐叶五两，加水五碗，煎至两碗，加入葱白三茎、豆豉一撮，再煮沸两次，分两次服用。或者用麻鞋烧成灰，吹入鼻中即可通畅。
又一方（治疗鼻头发红、酒渣鼻）：栀子略炒后研为末，用黄蜡制成梧桐子大小的丸药，每次服用三十丸，茶或酒送服均可。
(Nayuan, commonly known as Brain Leakage)
The classics state: The nose is the external manifestation of the Lung. It is also said: When pathogenic heat from the Gallbladder transfers to the brain, it causes a sensation of pungency in the nasal cavity and discharge of turbid mucus, termed Nayuan (Nasal Sinusitis). Since the Lung opens into the nose, when Lung Qi is clear and smooth, nasal qi flows freely, allowing for the discrimination of odors; if the Lung is invaded by Wind-Fire pathogens, the pathogens stagnate in the meridians, causing body fluids to boil and accumulate. Consequently, nasal qi cannot be diffused and regulated, leading to the discharge of turbid nasal mucus or persistent thick watery discharge. This is called Nayuan Syndrome, which is colloquially known as Brain Leakage. This phenomenon represents extreme Fire manifesting as Water transformation. According to the principles of the Five Elements, when a condition is mild, it manifests its own nature; when severe, it exhibits the characteristics of its controlling element ("Ghost Thief"). Thus, the classics say: Excess leads to harm, and control brings balance. All diseases of the nose, such as sores, dryness and crusting, pain and itching, rhinorrhea, and epistaxis, as well as conditions like Nasal Polyps (Bizi), Nasal Fleshy Growths (Bishi), Nasal Abscesses (Bi Yong), and Nasal Atrophy (Bi Gao), all belong to Fire pathogens. Only nasal congestion with clear rhinorrhea caused by Wind-Cold belongs to Cold; if there is hot air in the nose and turbid mucus with phlegm, it belongs to Heat. The pulse is floating, surging, and rapid at the Right Cun position. Treatment should focus on clearing Lung Fire, with dispersing methods added if Wind pathogens are present.
Main Formula (for Nasal Obstruction): Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Zhiqiao (Aurantii Fructus), Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis) [equal parts]; Gancao (Liquiritiae Radix et Rhizoma) [half dose]; Pipaye (Loquat Folium) [three leaves, brushed clean of hairs, honey-fried]. Decoct in water and take orally.
Alternatively, use Fangfeng Tongsheng San (Suitable for Heat patterns. In cold weather, reduce the dosage of Mangxiao and Dahuang).
Xinti Tang: Treats unfavorable Lung Qi, dizziness and vertigo of the head and eyes, nasal congestion with heavy voice, and Nayuan with turbid discharge.
Ingredients: Xinti (Magnoliae Flos), Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Bencao (Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis) [each 1 liang]; Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Gancao (Liquiritiae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried) [each 3 qian].
Crush the herbs. Take 5 qian per dose. Add two zhan of water, decoct to one zhan, and take warm after meals.
Lize Tongqi San: Treats anosmia (loss of smell).
Ingredients: Huangqi (Astragali Radix) [8 fen], Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) [each 6 fen], Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) [6 fen], Zhigancao (Liquiritiae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried) [4 fen], Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) [addable in winter], Chuanjiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) [each 2 fen].
Crush the herbs to make one dose. Add three slices of fresh ginger, two jujubes, and three cun of scallion white. Add two zhan of water, decoct, and take warm after meals.
Xiong San: Treats nasal obstruction leading to nasal abscess.
Ingredients: Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Binglang (Arecae Semen), Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix), Mutong (Akebiae Caulix), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Shichangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) [each 8 fen], Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Chuanjiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium), Gancao (Liquiritiae Radix et Rhizoma) [each 4 fen].
Crush the herbs. Take 3 qian per dose. Add two zhan of water, three slices of fresh ginger, and a small amount of Zisuye (Perillae Folium). Decoct to 0.8 zhan and take after meals.
Simple Prescription (for nasal blockage):
Shichangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma) and Zhaojiao (Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus Spina) [equal parts] are ground into powder. Take 1 qian, wrap in cotton, insert into the nostril, and lie supine.
Another prescription: Nanxing (Arisaematis Rhizoma Praeparatum) is soaked twice in boiling water, sliced, dried, and ground into powder. Take 2 qian with seven jujubes and a little Gancao (Liquiritiae Radix et Rhizoma) after meals.
Another prescription: Gouti (Cucumeritis Fructus) and Lilü (Veratri Radix) [equal parts] are ground into powder. Take 1 qian wrapped in cotton, insert into the nostril, and change three times daily.
Another prescription: Huaiye (Sophorae Flavescentis Folium) 5 liang, add five bowls of water, decoct to two bowls. Add three stems of scallion white and a pinch of Douchi (Fermented Soybean). Boil twice more, divide into two doses. Alternatively, burn cloth shoes to ash and insufflate into the nose to restore patency.
Another prescription (for erythema nasi / rosacea): Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus) is lightly fried and ground into powder. Form pills using Huangla (Cera Flava) the size of paulownia seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, washed down with tea or wine.
Another prescription: Tianmendong (Asparagi Radix), Cebaiye (Platycladi Cacumen), Xiacha (Fine Tea) [each 1 liang] are ground together. Take one tuoch (a small handful) daily, place in a jar, steep in boiling water, cover well, and drink as tea. Efficacy appears within one month.
Another prescription (for nasal sores): Apply the wax from the ear of a black cow to the affected area.
Another prescription: Juhe (Citri Reticulatae Semen) is lightly fried and ground into powder. Take 1 qian per dose, taken with walnut meat and wine.